Barracks

Quarters ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 50-88
Author(s):  
John Gilbert McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Geography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Indian War ◽  
The Military ◽  
American Cities

This chapter explores the alternative quarters the American colonists sought for the North American Establishment, describing how massive barracks arose in the four largest American cities and several smaller towns in 1756-58. Following a history of barracks since ancient times, it explains the effects that barracks had on urban locales, colonists, and soldiers, as well as what happened in places that did not have barracks. The conclusion of the French and Indian War brought Canada, Florida, and the backcountry into the British Empire, which raised new questions about quartering as few of these places had barracks. Although the removal of the British army from the American colonies emptied the urban barracks, events like the Paxton Boys raids of 1763-64 put control of the military infrastructure at odds with the military geography of the colonies.

The Early Achievement of Modern Stature in America

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Sokoloff ◽  
Georgia C. Villaflor
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Military Rank ◽  
The Military

The military records used in this article, referred to as muster rolls or descriptive lists, are predominantly from the years of the French and Indian War (1756–1763) and the American Revolution (1775–1783), and pertain to the soldiers of the American Colonies. Such lists were compiled for most colonial military forces, typically by individual companies or regiments, and provided the basis for distributing supplies and payments, as well as for aiding in the identification of deserters. Since there was no standard format, the information appearing in the muster rolls varies widely. Lists have been retrieved that included for each soldier some, but never all, of the following information: place of birth, age, place of residence, occupation, height, hair color, eye color, complexion, place and date of enlistment, military rank, by whom enlisted, language spoken, term of service, pay scale, and assorted remarks relevant to military service. We have also colected a sample of U.S. Army muster rolls for those recruits who enlisted during the period 1815–1820. These lists are of a similar lature to those of the earlier era, except that they are much more uniform with regard to the information included. Very few individuals under the age of 16 enlisted in the military, making it difficult to utilize these data for studying adolescent growth spurts. Accordingly, the analysis of the height-by-age data in this article will focus on the terminal heights achieved.

Houses

Quarters ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 10-49
Author(s):  
John Gilbert McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
Military Geography ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Private Homes

This chapter investigates quartering in houses, a common practice in colonial America, and details struggles to billet troops from ancient times to the eighteenth century. It asks why quartering in houses was challenged in seventeenth-century England, and how this introduced the ideal of the home as a distinct place of domestic privacy, absent of military geography. When the French and Indian War brought large numbers of British regular soldiers to North America, American colonists were forced to quarter troops, and this elicited a variety of reactions, with some colonies billeting soldiers in private homes, some in public houses, and others in alternative locales like barracks.

Quarters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social History ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
British Army ◽  
British North America ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Military Geography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Private Homes

This book examines the quartering of British soldiers in North America in the eighteenth century, using ideas of place to understand the political and social history of quartering. In colonial America, quartering in houses was common, but this practice was challenged with the arrival of the British army during the French and Indian War. Eager to keep British regulars out of private homes, the colonists built barracks and planted military geography in the heart of their cities. The Quartering Act emerged after the war as an attempt to extend British rights and responsibilities to the colonies, but the size and diversity of British North America inhibited this effort and fractured the empire. As quartering in Canada and the backcountry diverged from that in the American colonies, friction emerged between the colonists and the British army. Following the Boston Massacre, quartering became a divisive issue that encouraged the Americans to contemplate forming their own nation.

II. Adam Smith's Project of an Empire

1925 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Benians
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Natural System ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
General Opinion

It is now nearly one hundred and fifty years since the publication of the Wealth of Nations and the Declaration of American Independence. The two events, closely associated in time, recall each other; for in his famous chapter on colonies Adam Smith predicted, with little apparent regret, the loss of the American colonies, and outlined the project of an empire which he thought could have been preserved and been worth preserving. That chapter, though it did not influence the course of the controversy which called it forth, nor, for a time, the colonial policy of Great Britain, has become, none the less, a landmark in the history of the British Empire. After Adam Smith had written, it was possible to think of colonies in a new way, though it was still not impossible to treat them in the old. The united empire of which he dreamed never became a fact, or even a political programme, but the ideas which he advanced bore their fruit in general opinion, and the spirit in which he wrote was in due course to animate a generation of colonial reformers and to bring forth a new and better colonial policy. Durham and his friends did not advocate Smith's imperial Parliament, the “States General of the British Empire,” and they did advocate imperial control of colonial trade, and not his “natural system of perfect liberty and justice”; but one may believe that the faith in the future of the British Empire which inspires the speeches of Molesworth and Buller, the Report on Canada and the Art of Colonization, owed some of its vitality to the courageous Utopia imagined in the Wealth of Nations.

scholarly journals ESSAY ON THE SARMATIAN STUDIES IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
A. V. Symonenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

The steppe and part of the forest-steppe of modern Ukraine since the 2nd century BC till the 4th century AD were the place of residence of the numerous Sarmatian tribes. The Sarmatian studies are one of the actual research fields of Ukrainian and foreign archaeologists. The article analyses the study of Sarmatian culture of North Pontic region since the time of the first finds of Sarmatian sites untill the present. The author proposes to survey the development of Ukrainian Sarmatian studies in two directions: field exploration and the theoretical interpretation of archaeological material. The article presents the history of the finds of Sarmatian culture and the review of points of view of main scholars on the various problems of Sarmatian archeology. The history of Ukrainian Sarmatian studies is associated with the names of T. G. Obolduyeva, E. V. Makhno, M. I. Vyazmitina, A. V. Symonenko, M. B. Shchukin, V. I. Kostenko, O. M. Dzygovski, M. M. Fokeyev. The Sarmatians of Moldova were fundamentally studied by E. A. Rickman and V. I. Grosu. In total in the North Pontic region by the end of XX century 1256 burials and individual finds of Sarmatian culture were known. Among them the burials of the «kings» and «queens» near the villages of Pogory and Vesnyane, in the Sokolova Mohyla and Nohayichik barrows were excavated. The fundamental works of Prof. M. I. Rostovtsev were the first attempt to summarize the historical and archaeological sources of the Sarmatians of North Pontic region. The scholars of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine SSR Drs. T. G. Obolduyiva in the fifties of the twentieth century and M. I. Vyazmitina — in the sixties — seventies were at the source of the Ukrainian Sarmatian studies. The Sarmatian culture of the North Pontic region became the latest subject of scientific studies by K. F. Smirnov. Since the beginning of the eighties the new generation of researchers was involved to the Sarmatian studies in Ukraine and Dr. A. V. Simonenko became the leader. He has reconstructed the ethnic and politic history of the Sarmatians of the North Pontic region, proposed the new chronology of the Sarmatian Age, the essay on the culture and art of the Sarmatians was written by him. In several monographs of Dr. Symonenko and their reprints the Roman imported products from the North Pontic Sarmatian graves were studied, and the armaments, horse equipment and the military affairs of the Sarmatians were analyzed.

scholarly journals The Defeat of Marc Macrinius Vindex. To the History of the Marcomannic Wars in the Middle Danube

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
S.M. Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the military action of the Roman Empire in the Middle-Danube valley in the early spring 170 year 2-nd centuries A.D. The main aim of this article consists in reconstruction one of the important events in Roman wars against the Germans tribe marcomanni, who lived on the territory of modern-day Czechia (ancient Boygemia). The author uses the analytical and comparative methods, analyzing the historical works of Roman authors and epigraphic facts. One of the main new aspects of article consists in chronology of events. The author tries to prove that defeat of Roman army and death of praefectus Marc Macrinius Vindex took place at the same time in early spring 170 year 2-nd centuries A.D.. This defeat had the important influence on the other military operations in the next time. Marcomanni and his allies seriously threatened the Roman province of Pannonia situated on the right bank of the Danube. The emperor Marcus Aurelius (161 — 180 A.D) waged several wars against the marcomanni and their allies quadi in 167 — 180 A.D. In winter 169 A.D. Marcus Aurelius became the sole emperor. He came back in Carnuntum in Upper Pannonia and began to complete the army for the offensive against marcomanni. The legatus Augusti Marc Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex with vexillationes of five Pannonia's legions and a few auxiliums forced a crossing the Danube in the early spring 170 A.D. Marcomanni defeated the Roman army and killed the legatus Augusti. The Germans captivated many soldiers from legions and auxiliums, burned several war-camps in Upper and Lower Pannonias. They reached the borders of the North Italy and besieged the Aquileja again. The author comes to the conclusion, that in result of the defeat of Marc Macrinius Vindex the Roman troops in the Middle and Lower Danube stood on the defensive.

Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Conway
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Private Actors

This chapter turns to the role of private actors in facilitating the various forms of European engagement with the British Empire. Long-distance and transnational networks undoubtedly played a key role, sometimes underpinning types of continental European involvement of which ministers and officials in London, and state servants in imperial sites, disapproved, and wished to discourage or even stop. But private actors did not always work to undermine the efforts of British governments to preserve an exclusionary empire. Their independent activities could dovetail neatly with official policy. Landowners and employers in the colonies wanted to promote settlement to secure more tenants and more labour. British governments wanted to see the North American colonies settled so that their economic potential could be realized and their security improved. On some occasions, private actors even worked directly with state officials to facilitate foreign participation in the empire through contractual arrangements to secure settlers or soldiers.

EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES IN THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Sergey Vladimirovich Shishmonin
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Private Military Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Private Corporations ◽  
The Military

In a rapidly changing and unstable situation on the world stage, private military companies are present and developing very effectively in the military sphere. Relation to private military companies is a relatively new actors in the military sphere, is not clear. The history of formation and development of these organizations is short, but very bright. Mercenarism and prototypes of private military companies were known in ancient times. We show the evolution of private military companies from mercenaries to modern companies. In the modern sense of the term private military companies began to be actively created only in the middle of the 20th century. European states, in particular, the United States, played an active role in these processes. This state also went down in history as the first legally regulate the activities of military companies. In just over half a century, private military companies have been involved in many military conflicts and have proven to be a highly mobile and versatile tool for addressing geopolitical and state tasks. Since the early of 21th century, international private corporations and enterprises have become interested in the services of these organizations. The private-military segment of the market is developing very actively and steadily in the conditions of the modern world situation.

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