Modeling of development scenarios for industrial-natural system

An interrelated set of methods for synthesis, static and dynamic comparison of various admissible scenarios for development of industrial-natural systems is briefly introduced and analyzed. These methods make it possible to solve various issues of design, strategic and operational management of such systems including emergencies, as well as to coordinate interactions of several decision makers involved within one system.

A Review on Phytoconstituents of Brahmi and their Relation to Improve Nervous System

Ayurveda is a well-known practice for treating number of diseases from ages. It is a natural system from old age for the balancing of various body systems through herbs. There are lot of herbs used in curing the diseases and one among them is Brahmi. It has the ability to boost up the memory. Morphologically, it is a small sized succulent herb that have number of branches. This herb is well known for strengthening memory, brain functions and cooling properties. In this review paper, brief detail about its phytoconstituents and medicinal uses are discussed.

GARDEN AND PARK ENSEMBLES IN THE TOWNS’ HISTORY

The narrative motive of the study is the fact of the infl uence of the garden and park ensembles’ construction on the development of cities. The historical periods of the highest fl owering of culture, philosophy, aesthetic ideas, and the development of construction skills have been selected for the work. The authors of the article draw att ention to the theoretical works of the 20th century in Western civilization, considering the city as a natural system. Their connection with the concepts of the 16th- 19th centuries in England, France, Italy, and France is affi rmed. The idea of the city as a natural system is revealed through images and metaphors, which help to understand the place of public landscapes in the history of civilization. The article presents the garden-park complexes, the creation of which changed the urban planning paradigm, initiated the construction of new cities, promoted the replacement of obsolete or lost elements of urban structure. The author suggests the classifi cation of landscape complexes according to their role in the development of urban planning and their infl uence on the artistic culture, architecture and morphology of the city.

Oil as the result of lithogenesis complicated by intensification of tectonic-hydrothermal activity (on the example of Western Siberia)

The paper is meant to prove that structural reconstruction of riftogenic basins is accompanied by the intensification of tectonichydrothermal activity. It controls the mobility of gaseous-liquid hydrocarbons during their primary and lateral migration in the process of deposit formation. The intensity index of tectonic-hydrothermal activation is equal to the ratio of maximum paleotemperatures of gaseous-liquid inclusions to the paleotemperatures calculated from vitrinite reflectance values. This parameter determined in the same intervals of a geologic section reflects the level of paleothermal incongruity in the natural system. It can be used to make predictive estimates of the areas for hydrocarbon materials. The values of this parameter vary in the range of 1.5–2.5 in promising riftogenic areas with the source rocks in the temperature zone of 80–160°С due to conducive heating.

Efficiency of organic fertilizers under vegetables in Shirva gray-meat soils

Pollution of the environment with waste is the basis of the degradation of the natural system. To prevent this, it is necessary to protect natural resources as much as possible and organize the recycling of waste. Azerbaijan has sufficient resources to prepare organic fertilizers based on new technologies. The presented article discusses the damage caused to the environment by pollution of lands of Ucar region. The need for agro-technical measures to restore such areas that have lost their fertility is emphasized. In landscaping research, it is recommended to grow soybeans on such lands and apply high doses of organic fertilizers to ensure their normal development. Key words: soil fertility, pepper, nutrients, productivity, quality indicators

ABOUT CONCEPT FORMING OF «LANDSCAPE COVER» OF THE WORLD IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

The purpose of the article is genetic systematization for the hierarchical lines of natural complexes within Earth Geographical Mantle on the Land (mainland and islands), it is being notion “landscape” and “natural system” are synonyms. In base of the article did hostage information of long time the author′s geographical expeditions on the Land, in the Ocean and in the Coastal Zone, and analysis of published scientific information by other authors. At the same time, the main research method was integral. Landscape development reliable discovered boundaries of natural systems, its structure, diversity, natural properties, which were conceived and evaluated within land as geosystems and geocomplexes. Solely, within the Land should be logic is development “landscapes” as a natural system. Every of natural systems with different hierarchical the scale of ranks have name “aquaschaft” within the coastal zone surrounding and “thalassogen” within the Ocean surrounding. The article has inheriting character from working out of classic geographers of last century, especially during up to end of 1900th, before 2000. In the period theory of landscape science formed as a most full weight. What is why I developed scientific materials of second part of 1900th. Thus, the natural (anthropogenic and natural) systems complexes are not only the landscape system that is specific to mainland. The complexity and diversity of different akvashaftes and talassohenes are well-organized aggregate of various levels of organization in the coastal zone and the open ocean. Moreover, in the Ocean the largest megasystems serve the water and the ocean bottom. The process of differentiation of megasystems, the three main environments of the geographical envelope, is continuous and covers them simultaneously. This phenomenon is a reflection of the interaction between landscapes, aquascapes and thalassogens. The materials and conclusions outlined in this article open the perspectives for the positive development of landscape science and the rest of the geographical sciences. Further defining the hierarchical ranks of each mega-system requires detailed descriptions of each taxon to be used in the natural justification of any practical/economic projects. Oceanic natural systems (“complexes”) in the Ocean water layer were called thalassogens in 1940th yet. In the contact’s zone environment between them, they were called aquaschafts. Each of the shell parts has its separate hierarchical series, in which each taxon differs from the adjacent ones. In total, their area is 361 mln km2, or 70.78% of the area of the geographical envelope. In addition, including 9.95% is occupied by the coastal zone of the Ocean (aquaschaft), or 7.8 million km2. The remaining 60.83% is accounted for by the thalassogen area.

UKRAINE’S GLOBAL STATUS AS AN INDICATOR OF ITS CURRENT PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES

It was ascertained that the global status of a country is determined by a set of its characteristics as an entity of international relations identifying the place it occupies among other countries over a certain historical period of time. The global status is defined as the relative position of countries in the system of international relations. The main factors that determine the global status of countries are economic development; achievements in science, technology and innovation; development of social spheres (health care, education, social protection); the outcome of distributing and exercising power within the state (domestic policy) as well as between states (foreign policy); the effectiveness of institutions; and governance efficiency in the field of environmental management. It is proved that the global status of countries depends primarily on how effectively each of its spheres functions in terms of the interests of society’s development. At the same time, it depends on the synergistic effect — the coordinated action of all components of the socio-natural system (aggregate endogenous factor) and the degree of the country inclusion in the system of modern international relations, which is largely due to globalisation (exogenous factor). It is stated that the country’s acquisition of a different global status compared to the previous one reflects the status dynamics. That means a change in the roles played by countries in the system of international relations, i.e. the process of transforming their behavior on the world stage. These starting points of the study of the place and role of individual countries in the modern globalized world became the basis for the analysis of Ukraine’s position (by areas of activity and in general). The global status of Ukraine is defined and interpreted through correlation with the criteria derived from the theory of world-system analysis. Based on these methodological principles, modern problems have been identified and the possibility of further development of Ukraine has been assessed. Keywords: world economy, global status of countries, problems and contradictions of social development, socio-natural system, globalisation. JEL Classification B41, F62, F63, F64, F68 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 27.

Helical Flow of Polymer Melts in Extruders : Model Development and Validation with Experiments

Operating and processing conditions as well as the selection of the screw design in injection molding industry are largely based on trial-and-error exercise, which is expensive and time consuming. A better approach is to develop mathematical models for prediction of the final process performance where the conditions and parameters of a process can be used as inputs in those models. However, most of the models developed and used so far contain unrealistic geometrical and mathematical simplifications. The objective of this work is to develop a steady-state three dimensional mathematical model to describe the flow of an incompressible polymer melt inside a helical geometry, which represents the polymer's true motion in extrusion and injection molding processes. In order to develop the model in helical geometry, where at least two axes are not perpendicular, the mathematical model is first developed in a natural system (i.e. cylindrical) and using transformation tools are then changed to the physical helical one. In this initiative, we develop an iterative computational alogrithm based on shooting Newton-Raphson method in order to simulate the process. The transformation matrices to adapt the equations of change form a natural system (i.e. orthogonal cylindrical systems) to a physical system (i.e. Helical coordinates) are also developed for velocity and derivative profiles. Subsequently the solution approach to solve the indirectly coupled equations of change is explained and the simulation results are compared with experimental data. The simulation results are vallidated against data obtained from ten different experiments with an industrial injection molding machine, processing two different polymers - high density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET). It is observed that the simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data. This outcome demonstrates the utility of the developed mathematical model and simulation approach. Important features of this work are the consideration of the linear backward motion of the screw leading to calculation of proper process shot size and the incorporation of the tapering screw designs with upward and downward sections in the direction of the flow into the model. Another important feature in the development of the mathematical model is that the rheological and physical properties of plastic resins are not constant and change as the melt temperature changes during the process. From the standpoint of industrial practice, the direct benefit of this work is the ability to effectively calculate adequate shot size, recovery rate, and various state variables throughout the extent of the machine.

Helical Flow of Polymer Melts in Extruders : Model Development and Validation with Experiments

Operating and processing conditions as well as the selection of the screw design in injection molding industry are largely based on trial-and-error exercise, which is expensive and time consuming. A better approach is to develop mathematical models for prediction of the final process performance where the conditions and parameters of a process can be used as inputs in those models. However, most of the models developed and used so far contain unrealistic geometrical and mathematical simplifications. The objective of this work is to develop a steady-state three dimensional mathematical model to describe the flow of an incompressible polymer melt inside a helical geometry, which represents the polymer's true motion in extrusion and injection molding processes. In order to develop the model in helical geometry, where at least two axes are not perpendicular, the mathematical model is first developed in a natural system (i.e. cylindrical) and using transformation tools are then changed to the physical helical one. In this initiative, we develop an iterative computational alogrithm based on shooting Newton-Raphson method in order to simulate the process. The transformation matrices to adapt the equations of change form a natural system (i.e. orthogonal cylindrical systems) to a physical system (i.e. Helical coordinates) are also developed for velocity and derivative profiles. Subsequently the solution approach to solve the indirectly coupled equations of change is explained and the simulation results are compared with experimental data. The simulation results are vallidated against data obtained from ten different experiments with an industrial injection molding machine, processing two different polymers - high density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET). It is observed that the simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data. This outcome demonstrates the utility of the developed mathematical model and simulation approach. Important features of this work are the consideration of the linear backward motion of the screw leading to calculation of proper process shot size and the incorporation of the tapering screw designs with upward and downward sections in the direction of the flow into the model. Another important feature in the development of the mathematical model is that the rheological and physical properties of plastic resins are not constant and change as the melt temperature changes during the process. From the standpoint of industrial practice, the direct benefit of this work is the ability to effectively calculate adequate shot size, recovery rate, and various state variables throughout the extent of the machine.