Back Home: The Provincial Lives of Turgenev’s Cosmopolitans

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
Anne Lounsbery
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

This chapter explains how Ivan Turgenev's oeuvre forms a crucial part of the provincial trope, with its focus on the relationship between provintsiia and the problem, or the hope, of a specifically Russian temporality. When Turgenev is writing about Russian space, he often seems to be thinking just as much about Russian time, often posing or implying the question, “Is Russia 'behind'?” Analyzing spatial relationships in his texts reveals how these relationships condition ways of thinking about historical time (what counts as ahead and what counts as behind, for example). In Turgenev's view, it seems, Russia is not “modern,” but it is not simply “backward,” either. Hence his focus on the gentry estate: estates were places where Russian elites could work to rethink their relationship to historical time, moving beyond the assumption that centers (capitals) are ahead and peripheries (provinces) are behind.

INNOVATION CAPABILITY, ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND SMES PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTAN: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Darwina Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in county’s economic growth and a key contributor in country’s GDP. In Pakistan SMEs hold about 90 percent of the total businesses. The performance of SMEs depends upon many factors. The main aim for the research is to examine the relationship between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Performance of SMEs in Pakistan. This conceptual paper also extends to the vague revelation on Business Strategy in which act as a moderator between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and SMEs Performance. Conclusively, this study proposes a new research directions and hypotheses development to examine the relationship among the variables in Pakistan’s SMEs context.

scholarly journals An Attention-Based Model Using Character Composition of Entities in Chinese Relation Extraction

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Wenkai Zhang ◽  
Tinglei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Relation extraction is a vital task in natural language processing. It aims to identify the relationship between two specified entities in a sentence. Besides information contained in the sentence, additional information about the entities is verified to be helpful in relation extraction. Additional information such as entity type getting by NER (Named Entity Recognition) and description provided by knowledge base both have their limitations. Nevertheless, there exists another way to provide additional information which can overcome these limitations in Chinese relation extraction. As Chinese characters usually have explicit meanings and can carry more information than English letters. We suggest that characters that constitute the entities can provide additional information which is helpful for the relation extraction task, especially in large scale datasets. This assumption has never been verified before. The main obstacle is the lack of large-scale Chinese relation datasets. In this paper, first, we generate a large scale Chinese relation extraction dataset based on a Chinese encyclopedia. Second, we propose an attention-based model using the characters that compose the entities. The result on the generated dataset shows that these characters can provide useful information for the Chinese relation extraction task. By using this information, the attention mechanism we used can recognize the crucial part of the sentence that can express the relation. The proposed model outperforms other baseline models on our Chinese relation extraction dataset.

Yoram Barzel and the Economics of Institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Lueck
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Car Racing ◽  
Economics Of Institutions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the work of Yoram Barzel and Institutional Economics. Barzel has developed a property rights/transaction cost approach to economics and has written on topics ranging from car racing to slavery to Jewish lending to voting rules in condominium associations. Among his many ideas are those about racing to claim assets, multitasking, rationing by waiting, divided ownership of complex assets, measurement costs, and the economic orgins of democracy. In the process Barzel’s work unearthed the economic rationale for many institutions and offered a framework for analyzing them. Barzel holds an important place among all economists for expanding the scope of economic science in a way that focuses attention on the importance of property rights in understanding institutions and the economic logic of their variety. In this way he has been a crucial part of economic study of institutions.

scholarly journals Language change and language evolution: Cousins, siblings, twins?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross Fertilization

The relationship between “language change” and “language evolution” has recently become subject to some debate regarding the scope of both concepts. It has been claimed that while the latter used to refer to language origins in the first place, both terms can now, to a certain extent, be used synonymously. In this paper, I argue that this can partly be explained by parallel develop-ments both in historical linguistics and in the field of language evolution research that have led to a considerable amount of convergence between both fields. Both have adopted usage-based approaches and data-driven methods, which entails similar research questions and similar perspectives on the phenomena under investigation. This has ramifications for current models and theories of language change (or evolution). Two approaches in particular – the concept of com-plex adaptive systems and construction grammar – have been combined in integrated approaches that seek to explain both language emergence and language change over historical time. I discuss the potential and limitations of this integrated approach, and I argue that there is still some unex-plored potential for cross-fertilization.

scholarly journals Strategies of Perception of Europe and their Reception in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Povilas Aleksandravičius
Keyword(s):  
European Identity ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyses strategies of perception of Europe that fit into a triple structure. The traditional division into philosophical, cultural, and political Europe is intersected with more fundamental European perceptions determined by different ways of thinking. In this article, these ways are referred to as the closed, the open and the hollow ones. Thus, three different conceptions of Europe arise: the closed Europe characterized by essentialism, ethnocentrism, and monologic consciousness; the open Europe based on the standpoint that protection of one’s own identity and maturity depend on a dialogic relationship with representatives of other identities; and the hollow Europe that makes absolute the imperative of moral self-criticism, as well as identity’s deconstruction and its relativism. The discussion of all three strategies of perception of Europe is followed by the analysis of how they were received in Lithuania. The conclusion highlights the necessity to further research the relationship between all three conceptions of European identity.

Investigating the Measurement of Physical Activity and Associated Factors in Youth and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mayara S. Bianchim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic condition that affects almost every organ in the body, but especially the lungs. Regular physical activity (PA) can significantly slow disease progression and has become a crucial part of CF care. Previous research evaluating PA in CF has been hindered by the use of cut-points developed for healthy populations and the investigation of collinear movement behaviours as independent entities, both of which are likely to have confounded their findings and any subsequent inferences regarding associated health outcomes. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the measurement and analysis of PA in those with CF. An initial systematic review provided recommendations for research calibrating accelerometry in paediatric clinical populations, highlighting that the pathophysiology of the condition must be accounted for and that the protocol should include a broad range of activities varying in intensity (Chapter 4). Subsequently, Chapter 5 developed and cross-validated raw acceleration CF-specific cut-points in youth which were then further assessed in Chapter 6, demonstrating that the CF-specific thresholds were associated with higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) and lower levels of light PA compared to generic cut-points. Furthermore, lung function was associated with light PA when using condition-specific thresholds. Further investigation of the relationship between PA and health in Chapter 7 found that reallocating time from sedentary to any other behaviour was beneficial for lung function, with the greatest improvements observed when SED was reallocated to sleep or MVPA. Finally, Chapter 8 developed and validated machine learning algorithms that achieved excellent accuracy to classify PA types and intensities in youth with CF. In conclusion, these findings significantly advance the assessment of PA, enhancing our understanding of the relationship between PA and health in CF and informing future condition-specific PA guidelines, care strategies and interventions.

History of Science and Medicine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Müller-Wille
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Agendas ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores what both historians of medicine and historians of science could gain from a stronger entanglement of their respective research agendas. It first gives a cursory outline of the history of the relationship between science and medicine since the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. Medicine can very well be seen as a domain that was highly productive of scientific knowledge, yet in ways that do not fit very well with the historiographic framework that dominated the history of science. Furthermore, the article discusses two alternative historiographical approaches that offer ways of thinking about the growth of knowledge that fit well with the cumulative and translational patterns that characterize the development of the medical sciences, and also provide an understanding of concepts such as ‘health’ and ‘life’.

Moral Responsibility and Voluntariness

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
A P Simester
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores some of the ways in which moral responsibility for events can be negated through a lack of voluntariness. It looks at how such negations are best accommodated within the criminal law. The chapter begins by identifying two ways of thinking about voluntariness. Some writers see voluntariness as a counterpart to involuntariness, envisaging behaviour ‘done in the presence of open alternatives’. Others explain voluntary behaviour in terms of ‘volitional’ behaviour that is intentional under some description; behaviour, one might say, done willingly. The chapter goes on to consider the relationship between voluntariness and the varieties of actus reus elements, including omissions, situational liability, and possession.

The Prototyping Behaviors of Startups: Exploring the Relationship Between Prototyping Behaviors and Startup Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Nelson ◽  
Tobias Mahan ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Jessica Menold
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Abstract Prototyping is a crucial part of new product development, and engineers and designers rely on prototyping to bring novel technologies to market. In recent years, tech-based startups like Tesla or Udacity have revolutionized their respective industries. However, many tech-based startups are unable to create a viable product with their available resources and fail before ever making it to market. In this work, we analyze survey responses from 34 startup representatives to investigate the relationship between prototyping practice, startup success, and perceived difficulty of startup tasks. K-means cluster analysis shows three distinct groups, differentiated by (1) their amount of available funding, (2) their use of prototyping best practices, and (3) their reported difficulty in startup tasks. High-performing startups reported having the highest funding, experiencing less difficulty in startup tasks, and using prototyping best practices more frequently than their peers.

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