Fear and Loathing on the Low and High Roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Michael G. Hillard
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
International Competition ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Paper Company ◽  
Pricing Power ◽  
Industrial State ◽  
At Home

This chapter deals with the national and international competition that was eroding companies' pricing power and market shares by the mid-1980s. It talks about workers in a mature industrial state like Maine who were expected to see their paper industry jobs disappear as production moved overseas and work was automated at home and abroad. It also discusses how the national companies that owned Maine's mills made radical demands on workers and attacked traditional union contracts outright. The chapter cites that Boise Cascade and International Paper Company (IP) provoked strikes by making extreme, untenable demands on workers in their Rumford and Jay, Maine, mills in 1986 and 1987. It probes the union-busting campaigns conducted by Boise Cascade and IP that defined what economists call the low road, which clobbered workers in the quest to quickly raise profits.

Trading Barriers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
International Competition ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The World ◽  
At Home

Why have countries increasingly restricted immigration even when they have opened their markets to foreign competition through trade or allowed their firms to move jobs overseas? This book argues that the increased ability of firms to produce anywhere in the world combined with growing international competition due to lowered trade barriers has led to greater limits on immigration. The book explains that businesses relying on low-skill labor have been the major proponents of greater openness to immigrants. Immigration helps lower costs, making these businesses more competitive at home and abroad. However, increased international competition, due to lower trade barriers and greater economic development in the developing world, has led many businesses in wealthy countries to close or move overseas. Productivity increases have allowed those firms that have chosen to remain behind to do more with fewer workers. Together, these changes in the international economy have sapped the crucial business support necessary for more open immigration policies at home, empowered anti-immigrant groups, and spurred greater controls on migration. Debunking the commonly held belief that domestic social concerns are the deciding factor in determining immigration policy, this book demonstrates the important and influential role played by international trade and capital movements.

Using Oxone and TAED activator in non-chlorine bleaching of soda bagasse pulp

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-432
Author(s):  
Farhad Zeinaly ◽  
Konstantin Gabov ◽  
Hadi Kanåni Sula ◽  
Arash Babavand ◽  
Pedro Fardim
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Chlorine Bleaching ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Paper Company ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bagasse Fiber ◽  
Bagasse Pulp

Abstract Bagasse fiber has been used in the production of bleached chemical pulp by the Pars Paper Company. In this company, a conventional three-stage sequence of hypochlorite, alkaline extraction and second hypochlorite (HEH) is applied in pulp bleaching. Pulp bleaching is one of the most important environmental pollutant stages in the pulp and paper industry. In this research, the bleaching of soda bagasse pulp by applying Oxone and TAED-activator in non-chlorine bleaching sequences has been investigated. The unbleached pulp, with kappa number of 20, 955 ml/g viscosity and 37 % brightness, was prepared from Pars Paper Company. Results indicated that, the TAED at the first and second stages were more effective than in the Oxone stages. Moreover, the sequences, which contained TAED- and Oxone-second-stage, could reach the minimum level of kappa (1.7), but the highest brightness (80 %) was attained by using only TAED with a comparatively high level of pulp viscosity (752).

scholarly journals Strategies for Industry Internationalization Brazilian Pulp and Paper the Perspective of Eclectic Paradigm: A Case Study of Pulp and Paper Company Suzano

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-233
Author(s):  
Mayra Batista Bitencourt Fagundes ◽  
Carla Christina de Oliveira Viana ◽  
Leandro Sauer ◽  
Jeovan De Carvalho Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strategic Assets ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
Eclectic Paradigm ◽  
Paper Company ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Matching Techniques

This article aims to analyze the process of internationalization of the Brazilian pulp and paper. This analysis has an economic bias, basing on the model of internationalization of Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning (1980) in order to identify the internationalization strategies, as well as the key drivers that have enabled reach new markets. We adopted a qualitative methodology, developed through a case study in the company Suzano, a Brazilian company, a global leader in the pulp and paper industry, with a strong presence in the international market. The data were obtained from literature searches, statistics, press releases and official documents of the company. For the treatment of these was used to pattern matching techniques, which enabled contrast them with the theory selected. The results revealed that Suzano differentiated adopted guidelines for the marketing of paper and pulp. The paper is intended primarily for the domestic market, whereas most of the pulp produced is intended to international trade. The company went international for having, according to the Eclectic Paradigm, the advantages of ownership and internalization over their competitors. The strategies used consists in finding markets (market seeking), search efficiency (efficiency seeking) and search for strategic assets (strategic asset seeking). We conclude that the theory is Eclectic Paradigm in an appropriate tool for analyzing the internationalization process of the pulp and paper industries.

Degradation of Cellulose and Wood Products in Polluted and Unpolluted Rivers

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
M. Vincent ◽  
C. Novitsky
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Paper Company

Abstract Natural rates of degradation of cellulose and of wood products were studied by enclosing this material in nylon sacs with 20 um diameter pores and suspending the sacs in different parts of the Gatineau and Ottawa Rivers, for periods of up to 90 days. White spruce chips and sawdust were studied, either without treatment or after chemical conversion to holocellulose or cellulose. Untreated wood was almost entirely resistant to degradation, as measured by weight loss. Conversion to holocellulose made wood quite susceptible to degradation, but conversion of holocellulose to cellulose did not increase the rate of degradation. Cotton fibres (almost pure cellulose) were less rapidly degraded than treated wood. Little or no degradation occurred in the Gatineau River, which is relatively unpolluted by sewage or industrial wastes. Much more occurred in both water and sediments of the heavily polluted Ottawa River. An especially active site was found just below the Canadian International Paper Company. These results emphasize the importance of lignin in protecting cellulose from biodegradation and suggest in which natural sites we might expect biodegradation of wood products to occur most rapidly.

Missouri Economics Course is Specifically for J-Majors

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-80
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Auten
Keyword(s):  
Student Evaluation ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
Paper Company ◽  
The Media ◽  
Journalism Students ◽  
Foundation Award ◽  
The University

EDITOR'S NOTE: Journalism graduates are often criticized for their failure to understand economic systems and for their inability to relate business developments and problems to readers, listeners and viewers. The criticism becomes more pointed when journalism graduates are promoted to administrative and management positions in the media. The specialized economic analysis course described here by Prof. Auten of the University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Economics is aimed at this problem. The course description won the International Paper Company Foundation Award in Economic Education in a program co-sponsored by the Joint Committee on Economic Education. As reported late in the article, the course has proved popular with journalism students, too. A student evaluation score placed the course in the 99th percentile among all courses at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Among those who contributed significantly to the development of the course were Dean Roy M. Fisher of the University of Missouri School of Journalism and Richard Wallace, Lyle Harris and Janet Auten.

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