scholarly journals A brief history of the development of the tick-artificial feeding system

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
History Of

Survey of Bali bull fattening practices in central Lombok, eastern Indonesia, based on feeding of Sesbania grandiflora

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlanuddin ◽  
Baiq T. Yuliana ◽  
Tanda Panjaitan ◽  
Michael J. Halliday ◽  
Elske van de Fliert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
History Of

A longitudinal survey was conducted in 2013 to document the productivity of the Sesbania grandiflora feeding system for cattle fattening in central Lombok. Sesbania is integrated into the intensive rice-growing region by planting it along the rice bunds surrounding the rice fields. The hamlet of Nyerot in the subdistrict of Jonggat was chosen for the study as it had a long history of successful use of sesbania for fattening Bali bulls. Parameters measured included: area of rice paddy where sesbania could be planted; forage establishment, harvesting and feeding practices; cattle purchases and sales; and monthly liveweight gain. Farmers planted an average of 406 sesbania trees on bunds surrounding 0.6 ha of rice paddy. The median values for the main forages fed (dry matter offered) were harvested elephant grass (78% of diet), sesbania (12% of diet) and other feeds (mainly rice bran) (5% of diet). Sesbania was harvested by lopping the lower side branches of ~6 trees per bull per day and never completely defoliating single trees. The farmers fattened an average of 1.6 bulls at a time achieving a yearly mean liveweight gain of 0.41 kg/bull.day. New bulls were purchased with an average liveweight of 203 kg while the average sale weight was 260 kg. Purchase and sale prices were high at A$3.27 and A$3.29, respectively, while the average fattening period was 5 months. Bull liveweight gains were related to total amount of forage fed. No direct statistically significant link between liveweight gains and amount of sesbania fed was obtained due to the multiple factors that influenced forage and bull management. This survey has provided new insights into the practice of bull fattening in central Lombok. The survey has confirmed the high productivity of the feeding system and has highlighted the opportunity to scale out the use of system to other regions.

Evaluation of two artificial infection methods of live ticks as tools for studying interactions between tick-borne viruses and their tick vectors

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Victoire Migné ◽  
Vaclav Hönig ◽  
Sarah Irène Bonnet ◽  
Martin Palus ◽  
Sabine Rakotobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Transmission Cycles ◽  
Tick Vectors ◽  
Virus Interactions

AbstractUp to 170 tick-borne viruses (TBVs) have been identified to date. However, there is a paucity of information regarding TBVs and their interaction with respective vectors, limiting the development of new effective and urgently needed control methods. To overcome this gap of knowledge, it is essential to reproduce transmission cycles under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study we assessed an artificial feeding system (AFS) and an immersion technique (IT) to infect Ixodes ricinus ticks with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Kemerovo (KEM) virus, both known to be transmitted predominantly by ixodid ticks. Both methods permitted TBEV acquisition by ticks and we further confirmed virus trans-stadial transmission and onward transmission to a vertebrate host. However, only artificial feeding system allowed to demonstrate both acquisition by ticks and trans-stadial transmission for KEMV. Yet we did not observe transmission of KEMV to mice (IFNAR−/− or BALB/c). Artificial infection methods of ticks are important tools to study tick-virus interactions. When optimally used under laboratory settings, they provide important insights into tick-borne virus transmission cycles.

scholarly journals Investigation of Flood Distribution and Feeding Performance of Artificial RED Garden in Shahr-E-Reza on Quantity and Quality of Groundwater Table, Isfahan, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Eslamian1 ◽  
Ahmad Godarzi1 ◽  
Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari2 ◽  
Hossein Gholami2 ◽  
Morteza Soltani3 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Observation Wells ◽  
The Impact

Increasing water consumption has increased using of synthetic nutritional methods for enriching groundwater resources. Artificial feeding is a method that can save excess water for using in low level water time in underground. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the flood dispersal and artificial feeding system in the Red Garden of Shahr-e-Daghshan and improving, saving    quality of the groundwater table in the area. In order to investigate the performance of these plans, an area of 1570 km2 was considered in the Southern of Shah-Reza. The statistics data from 5 years before the design of the plans (1986-2002) related to flood control fluctuations in 20 observation wells and many indicator Qanat were surveyed in this area. The annual fluctuations in the level of the station show a rise in the level of the station after the depletion of the plan. Dewatering of the first and second turns, with an increase of more than one meter above groundwater level, has had the highest impact on the level of groundwater table in the region. Reduced permeability at sediment levels, wasted flood through evaporation and wasteful exploitation of groundwater resources, cause to loss of the impact on the increase in the level and quality of groundwater in the area, especially in the dry, drought season and recent high droughts.

Development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (13) ◽  
pp. 1718-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
ETTORE NAPOLI ◽  
EMANUELE BRIANTI ◽  
LUIGI FALSONE ◽  
GABRIELLA GAGLIO ◽  
SABRINA FOIT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Cat Flea ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Acanthocheilonema Reconditum ◽  
Dog Blood

SUMMARYTo investigate larval development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis, fleas were fed through an artificial feeding system with dog blood containing different concentrations of microfilariae (i.e. low, group L = 250; medium, group M = 500; high, group H = 1500 microfilariae per mL) or no microfilariae (group C). Fleas were sampled at 12 different time-points throughout the study period (D1–D28) and A. reconditum was detected by dissection, PCR and histology. Of 2105 fleas fed with infected dog blood, 891 (38·7%) died during the study before being sampled whilst the remaining (n = 1214) were examined for A. reconditum. Upon dissection, first-stage larvae (L1) were identified after 2 days post infection (D2), second-stage (L2) at D13 and infective third-stage larvae (L3) at D15. Eighteen (30%) of 60 pools of fleas molecularly examined tested positive. Histologically, L2 were detected at D13 in the sub-cuticle region embedded in the back muscle of one female flea. This study provides original data on larval development of A. reconditum in C. felis and reports on the usefulness of the artificial feeding system.

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