scholarly journals On the effectiveness of multi-feature evacuation systems: an agent-based exploratory simulation study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e531
Author(s):  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Shafi ◽  
Alois Ferscha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Evacuation Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Real Challenge

Evacuation modeling and simulation are usually used to explore different possibilities for evacuation, however, it is a real challenge to integrate different categories of characteristics in unified modeling space. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model of an evacuating crowd so that a comparative analysis of a different sets of parameters categorized as individual, social and technological aspects, is made possible. In particular, we focus on the question of rationality vs. emotionalism of individuals in a localized social context. In addition to that, we propose and model the concept of extended social influence, thereby embedding technological influence within the social influence, and analyze its impact on the efficiency of evacuation. NetLogo is used for simulating different variations in environments, evacuation strategies, and agents demographics. Simulation results revealed that there is no substantial advantage of informational overload on people, as this might work only in those situations, where there are fewer chances of herding. In more serious situations, people should be left alone to decide. They, however, could be trained in drills, to avoid panicking in such situations and concentrate on making their decisions solely based on the dynamics of their surroundings. It was also learned that distant connectivity has no apparent advantage and can be ruled out while designing an evacuation strategy based on these recommendations.

scholarly journals Prosocial Influence and Opportunistic Conformity in Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1585-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Chierchia ◽  
Blanca Piera Pi-Sunyer ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Value Of Money

Adolescence is associated with heightened social influence, especially from peers. This can lead to detrimental decision-making in domains such as risky behavior but may also raise opportunities for prosocial behavior. We used an incentivized charitable-donations task to investigate how people revise decisions after learning about the donations of others and how this is affected by age ( N = 220; age range = 11–35 years). Our results showed that the probability of social influence decreased with age within this age range. In addition, whereas previous research has suggested that adults are more likely to conform to the behavior of selfish others than to the behavior of prosocial others, here we observed no evidence of such an asymmetry in midadolescents. We discuss possible interpretations of these findings in relation to the social context of the task, the perceived value of money, and social decision-making across development.

scholarly journals Towards Exploration of Social in Social Internet of Vehicles Using an Agent-Based Simulation

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Arshad Muhammad ◽  
Abbas Khalid ◽  
Ahmad Din ◽  
Alois Ferscha
Keyword(s):  
Context Awareness ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Data Constraints

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is turning out to be one of the first impressive examples of Internet of Things (IoT). In IoV, the factors of connectivity and interaction/information dispersion are equally important as sensing/actuating, context-awareness, services provisioning, etc. However, most of the researches related to connectivity and interaction are constrained to physics of signaling and data science (semantics/contents), respectively. Very rapidly, the meanings of these factors are changing due to evolution of technologies from physical to social domain. For example, Social IoV (SIoV) is a term used to represent when vehicles build and manage their own social network. Hence, in addition to physical aspects, the social aspects of connectivity and information dispersion towards these systems of future should also be researched, a domain so far ignored in this particular context. In this paper, an agent-based model of information sharing (for context-based recommendations) of a hypothetical population of smart vehicles is presented. Some important hypotheses are tested under reasonable connectivity and data constraints. The simulation results reveal that closure of social ties and its timing impacts the dispersion of novel information (necessary for a recommender system) substantially. It is also observed that as the network evolves due to incremental interactions, the recommendations guaranteeing a fair distribution of vehicles across equally good competitors is not possible.

Punishing Bodies: British Prison Film and the Spectacle of Masculinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Llinares
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Cinema ◽  
Sociology Of Punishment ◽  
The One

Prison films are beset by a fundamental paradox. Because mainstream film is reliant on a combination of the pleasure of the visual and the dramatic structuring of narrative, institutionalised incarceration based on the loss of liberty, extended temporal control and physical spatial restriction would seem to be fundamentally at odds with ‘the cinematic’. Prison as depicted on-screen is therefore a space in which visibly enacted retribution is foregrounded in a mode much more akin to what Foucault calls the pre-modern ‘theatres of torture’. The routinised banality of day-to-day life behind bars is eschewed in favour of the spectacle of the masculine body punishing or being violently punished. British cinema is replete with films set in prison, however, as the first part of this article explores, and academic analyses of such films are formulated around three discursive strands: debates around the constitution of the prison film as a genre, discussions of the potential relationship between cinematic representations and the ‘real-world’ sociology of punishment, and assertions about how national identity is reflected. The second part of this article deploys a comparative analysis of Nicolas Winding Refn's Bronson (2008) and Steve McQueen's Hunger (2008), examining what is often taken for granted in previous work, namely how the environment of incarceration is produced as an aesthetic, social and even ontological space that contextualises and materialises a link between masculinity, violence and spectacle. I argue that the microcosm of the prison, on the one hand, reasserts the male body as the root of physical ‘being-ness’, yet on the other, reveals masculinity as a constructed performance determined by the social context of incarceration and amplified through cinematic aesthetics.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Logic in Digital Capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Jernej A. Prodnik
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Social Form ◽  
Digital Capitalism ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Algorithmic Logic

This chapter details the key characteristics of algorithmic systems in their current hegemonic social form, which helps to shed a light on the reasons for their increasing social influence. These characteristics include: opacity/obfuscation, datafication, automation, and instrumental rationalisation. Because technologies are inevitably embedded in – and influenced by – the social context in which they develop, the author’s analysis considers these systems as a part of competitive and inherently unstable capitalist society, or to put it more narrowly, as a part of digital capitalism. This provides a critical analytic framework that points to the fact there is nothing ‘natural’ in these characteristics of algorithmic systems, while making it possible to delineate both the structural reasons for their development and their social consequences. On this basis it is claimed we can denote a specific algorithmic logic in digital capitalism that continuously reinforces itself.

The Social Context of Political Change: Durability, Volatility, and Social Influence

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Robert Huckfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Contextual Influence ◽  
The Social

This article translates several explanations for contextual effects upon politics into mathematical, dynamic representations. These representations are used to consider several questions. Under what circumstances does the social context lead to durability and volatility in mass political preferences? Do different specifications of contextual influence lead to different conclusions regarding its dynamic consequences? Does the social context have different dynamic implications for individual preference and for the aggregate preferences of the population as a whole? These questions are not addressed by gathering and analyzing data, but rather by examining the deductive consequences of the various explanations for contextual influence.

SCENARIO ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS WITH AN AGENT-BASED SIMULATION AND DATA MINING FRAMEWORK

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 1340019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIT SHINDE ◽  
MOEED HAGHNEVIS ◽  
MARCO A. JANSSEN ◽  
GEORGE C. RUNGER ◽  
MANI JANAKIRAM
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
New Product Introduction ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Social

A framework is presented to simulate and analyze the effect of multiple business scenarios on the adoption behavior of a group of technology products. Diffusion is viewed as an emergent phenomenon that results from the interaction of consumers. An agent-based model is used in which potential adopters of technology product are allowed to be influenced by their local interactions within the social network. Along with social influence, the effect of product features is important and we ascribe feature sensing attributes to the consumer agents along with sensitivities to social influence. The model encompasses utility theory and discrete choice models in the decision-making process for the consumers. We use expressive machine learning algorithms that can handle complex, nonlinear, and interactive effects to identify important inputs that contribute to the model and to graphically summarize their effects. We present a realistic case study that demonstrates the ability of this framework to model changes in market shares for a group of products in response to business scenarios such as new product introduction and product discontinuation under different pricing strategies. The models and other tools developed here are envisioned to be a part of a recommender system that provides insights into the effects of various business scenarios on shaping market shares of different product groups.

scholarly journals Improving Recommendation Accuracy Using Social Network of Owners in Social Internet of Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Muhammad Shafi ◽  
Umar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Connected Person ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The latest manifestation of “all connected world" is the Internet of Things (IoT), and Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is one of the key examples of IoT these days. In Social IoV (SIoV), each vehicle is treated as a social object where it establishes and manages its own Social Network (SN). Incidentally, most of the SIoV research in the literature is related to proximity-based connectivity and interactions. In this paper, we bring people in the loop by incorporating their SNs. While emphasizing a recommendation scenario, in which vehicles may require recommendations from SNs of their owners (in addition to their own SIoV), we proposed an agent-based model of information sharing (for context-based recommendations) on a hypothetical population of smart vehicles. Some important hypotheses were tested using a realistic simulation setting. The simulation results reveal that a recommendation using weak ties is more valuable than a recommendation using strong ties in pure SIoV. The simulation results also demonstrate that recommendations using the most-connected person in the social network are not more valuable than recommendation using a random person in the social network. The model presented in this paper can be used to design a multi-scale recommendation system, which uses SIoV and a typical SN in combination.

Expressive Law, Social Norms, and Social Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Group Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Independent Individual ◽  
Instrumental View ◽  
The Way

To understand how law works outside of sanctions or direct coercion, we must first appreciate that law does not generally influence individual behavior in a vacuum, devoid of social context. Instead, the way in which people interact with law is usually mediated by group life. In contrast to the instrumental view that assumes law operates on autonomous individuals by providing a set of incentives, the social groups view holds that a person's attitude and behavior regarding any given demand of law are generally products of the interaction of law, social influence, and motivational goals that are shaped by that person's commitments to specific in-groups. Law can work expressively, not so much by shaping independent individual attitudes as by shaping group values and norms, which in turn influence individual attitudes. In short, the way in which people interact with law is mediated by group life.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE JOURNALISTIC NARRATIVE: the production of content from Folha de S. Paulo

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. a9en
Author(s):  
Marilene Lemos Mattos Salles ◽  
Felipe Campo Dall’Orto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Of Information

This article seeks to highlight the importance of the social context for the production of information in society, thus, it is essential to understand the impacto f Covid-19, in Brazilian journalistic production. To this end, it makes a comparative analysis between the Folha de S. Paulo covers from April 2019 and April 2020, to understand how daily life has guided journalism and to debate about a new order of mediation that involves the various actors of communication , interfering in the construction of meanings, ranging from the production of content to the appropriation of information.

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