Alterations in brain structure and function in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a multimodal MRI study

Background Pain, a major symptom of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), is a complex sensory and emotional experience that presents therapeutic challenges. Pain can cause neuroplastic changes at the cortical level, leading to central sensitization and difficulties with curative treatments; however, whether changes in structural and functional plasticity occur in patients with ONFH remains unclear. Methods A total of 23 ONFH inpatients who did not undergo surgery (14 males, nine females; aged 55.61 ± 13.79 years) and 20 controls (12 males, eight females; aged 47.25 ± 19.35 years) were enrolled. Functional indices of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and a structural index of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were calculated for each participant. The probability distribution of fiber direction was determined according to the ALFF results. Results ONFH patients demonstrated increased ALFF in the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and right supplementary motor area. In contrast, ONFH patients showed decreased ReHo in the left superior parietal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus. There were no significant differences in TBSS or probabilistic tractography. Conclusion These results indicate cerebral pain processing in ONFH patients. It is advantageous to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to better understand pain pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets in ONFH patients.

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Effects Of Exercise-induced Hypohydration On Brain Structure And Function, A MRI Study

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000519211.52468.8f ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 824 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

X. r. Tan ◽

Ivan C. C. Low ◽

Mary C. Stephenson ◽

T. Kok ◽

Heinrich W. Nolte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Structure ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Mri Study ◽

And Function

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Brain structural and functional differences between pure menstrual migraine and menstrually-related migraine

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73399-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tao Xu ◽

Yutong Zhang ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Huaqiang Liao ◽

Siyuan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Menstrual Migraine ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Menstrually Related Migraine ◽

Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

And Function ◽

Pure Menstrual Migraine

Abstract The pathophysiological differences between menstrually-related migraine (MRM) and pure menstrual migraine (PMM) are largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential differences in brain structure and function between PMM and MRM. Forty-eight menstrual migraine patients (32 MRM; 16 PMM) were recruited for this study. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) in resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) were calculated. No significant between-group difference was observed in the grey matter volume (GMV). MRM patients exhibited lower ALFF values at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) than PMM patients. Moreover, the MRM group showed significantly higher ReHo values in the DLPFC. Higher values in the mPFC were related to higher expression of calcitonin gene-associated peptide (CGRP) in the PMM group (r = 0.5, P = 0.048). Combined ALFF and ReHo analyses revealed significantly different spontaneous neural activity in the DLPFC and mPFC, between MRM and PMM patients, and ALFF values in the mPFC were positively correlated with CGRP expression, in the PMM group. This study enhances our understanding of the relationship between neural abnormalities and CGRP expression in individuals with PMM.

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The gut microbiome is associated with brain structure and function in schizophrenia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89166-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shijia Li ◽

Jie Song ◽

Pengfei Ke ◽

Lingyin Kong ◽

Bingye Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

The Right ◽

And Function

AbstractThe effect of the gut microbiome on the central nervous system and its possible role in mental disorders have received increasing attention. However, knowledge about the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain structure and function is still very limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional (rs-fMRI) to investigate differences in fecal microbiota between 38 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 38 demographically matched normal controls (NCs) and explored whether such differences were associated with brain structure and function. At the genus level, we found that the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia was significantly lower, whereas the abundance of Veillonella was significantly higher in SZ patients than in NCs. Additionally, the analysis of MRI data revealed that several brain regions showed significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) but significantly higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in SZ patients than in NCs. Moreover, the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota showed a strong linear relationship with the values of both GMV and ReHo. In SZ patients, the ReHo indexes in the right STC (r = − 0.35, p = 0.031, FDR corrected p = 0.039), the left cuneus (r = − 0.33, p = 0.044, FDR corrected p = 0.053) and the right MTC (r = − 0.34, p = 0.03, FDR corrected p = 0.052) were negatively correlated with the abundance of the genus Roseburia. Our results suggest that the potential role of the gut microbiome in SZ is related to alterations in brain structure and function. This study provides insights into the underlying neuropathology of SZ.

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The Gut Microbiome Was Associated With Brain Structure and Function in Schizophrenia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-181659/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shijia Li ◽

Jie Song ◽

Pengfei Ke ◽

Lingyin Kong ◽

Bingye Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

The Right ◽

And Function

Abstract The effects of the gut microbiome on the central nervous system and its possible role in mental disorders have received increasing attention. However, our knowledge about the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain structure and function is still very limited. Here, we leveraged 16S rRNA sequencing with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional (rs-fMRI) to investigate differences in fecal microbiota between 38 patients with schizophrenia (SZs) and 38 demographically matched normal controls (NCs) and explored whether such differences were associated with brain structure and function. At the genus level, we found that the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia was significantly lower, whereas the abundance of Veillonella was increased in SZs compared to NCs. Additionally, the MRI results revealed that several brain regions showed lower gray matter volume (GMV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), but increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in SZs than in NCs. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations between microbial shifts and brain structure and function. Alpha diversity of gut microbiota showed a strong linear relationship with GMV and ReHo. Moreover, we found that lower ReHo indexes in the right STC (r = -0.35, p = 0.031, FDR corrected p = 0.039), the left cuneus (r = -0.33, p = 0.044, FDR corrected p = 0.053) and the right MTC (r = -0.34, p = 0.03, FDR corrected p = 0.052) were negatively correlated with a lower abundance of the genus Roseburia. This study suggests that the potential role of the gut microbiome in schizophrenia (SZ) is related to the alteration of brain structure and function, suggesting a new direction for studying the pathology of SZ.

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Brain structure and function in gender dysphoria

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.56.s30.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Bakker

Keyword(s):

Brain Structure ◽

Gender Dysphoria ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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The ENIGMA Brain Injury Working Group: Approach, Challenges, and Potential Benefits

10.31234/osf.io/t96xb ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽

Emily L. Dennis ◽

David F Tate

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Working Group ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Special Issue ◽

Group Approach ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

And Function ◽

Neuroimaging Genetics

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium brings together researchers from around the world to try to identify the genetic underpinnings of brain structure and function, along with robust, generalizable effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The recently-formed ENIGMA Brain Injury working group includes 8 subgroups, based largely on injury mechanism and patient population. This introduction to the special issue summarizes the history, organization, and objectives of ENIGMA Brain Injury, and includes a discussion of strategies, challenges, opportunities and goals common across 6 of the subgroups under the umbrella of ENIGMA Brain Injury. The following articles in this special issue, including 6 articles from different subgroups, will detail the challenges and opportunities specific to each subgroup.

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