scholarly journals Dongsha Atoll is an important stepping-stone that promotes regional genetic connectivity in the South China Sea

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12063
Author(s):  
Shang Yin Vanson Liu ◽  
Jacob Green ◽  
Dana Briggs ◽  
Ruth Hastings ◽  
Ylva Jondelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The South ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Metapopulation Structure ◽  
Dongsha Atoll

Background Understanding region-wide patterns of larval connectivity and gene flow is crucial for managing and conserving marine biodiversity. Dongsha Atoll National Park (DANP), located in the northern South China Sea (SCS), was established in 2007 to study and conserve this diverse and remote coral atoll. However, the role of Dongsha Atoll in connectivity throughout the SCS is seldom studied. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of DANP in conserving regional marine biodiversity. Methods In total, 206 samples across nine marine species were collected and sequenced from Dongsha Atoll, and these data were combined with available sequence data from each of these nine species archived in the Genomic Observatories Metadatabase (GEOME). Together, these data provide the most extensive population genetic analysis of a single marine protected area. We evaluate metapopulation structure for each species by using a coalescent sampler, selecting among panmixia, stepping-stone, and island models of connectivity in a likelihood-based framework. We then completed a heuristic graph theoretical analysis based on maximum dispersal distance to get a sense of Dongsha’s centrality within the SCS. Results Our dataset yielded 111 unique haplotypes across all taxa at DANP, 58% of which were not sampled elsewhere. Analysis of metapopulation structure showed that five out of nine species have strong regional connectivity across the SCS such that their gene pools are effectively panmictic (mean pelagic larval duration (PLD) = 78 days, sd = 60 days); while four species have stepping-stone metapopulation structure, indicating that larvae are exchanged primarily between nearby populations (mean PLD = 37 days, sd = 15 days). For all but one species, Dongsha was ranked within the top 15 out of 115 large reefs in the South China Sea for betweenness centrality. Thus, for most species, Dongsha Atoll provides an essential link for maintaining stepping-stone gene flow across the SCS. Conclusions This multispecies study provides the most comprehensive examination of the role of Dongsha Atoll in marine connectivity in the South China Sea to date. Combining new and existing population genetic data for nine coral reef species in the region with a graph theoretical analysis, this study provides evidence that Dongsha Atoll is an important hub for sustaining connectivity for the majority of coral-reef species in the region.

scholarly journals The role of synoptic-scale waves in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. e858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingliang Huangfu ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Ronghui Huang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

scholarly journals Territorial Disputes and Nationalism: A Comparative Case Study of China and Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cotillon
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Maritime Territory

In autocracies, nationalism appears to have merged with geopolitical thinking. In light of this geopoliticisation of nationalism, it is surprising that the literature has paid virtually no attention to the role of territorial disputes as a conditioning factor. The present study seeks to further enhance the field by factoring in the role of territorial disputes in triggering different expressions of nationalism. It develops an analytical framework for typologies of nationalism according to four territorial disputes: China's dispute with Vietnam over maritime territory in the South China Sea, China's dispute with Japan over maritime territory in the East China Sea, Vietnam's dispute with Cambodia over territorial border demarcations, and Vietnam's dispute with China over maritime territory in the South China Sea. The respective disputes of China and Vietnam are analysed and tested against criteria of expressions of nationalism in autocracies. We find that territorial disputes and therefore external context are important conditioning factors of nationalism in autocracies.

scholarly journals Role of Coastal Convection to Moisture Buildup during the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1171
Author(s):  
Wei-Ting CHEN ◽  
Chien-Ming WU ◽  
Wei-Ming TSAI ◽  
Peng-Jen CHEN ◽  
Po-Yen CHEN
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
South China ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Summer Monsoon Onset

A Marine Biodiversity Project in the South China Sea: Joint Efforts Made in the SCS Workshop Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann-huei Song
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Current State ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe South China Sea (SCS) is one of the world’s richest marine biodiversity areas, with abundant and diverse marine resources. In recent years, however, due to rapid economic development and population growth, marine biodiversity in the SCS is being lost. Beginning in 1991, the participants in the Informal Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea (the SCS Workshop) agreed to recommend to the relevant governments to explore areas of cooperation in the SCS, which include the study of marine biodiversity. As a result, in March 2002, a joint biodiversity project was carried out around the undisputed Indonesian Islands of Anambas in the SCS. Other joint biodiversity projects have also been proposed, but with no progress. This article studies the joint efforts made by the participating authorities in the SCS Workshop process to understand better the current state of marine biodiversity in the SCS.

scholarly journals Distribution and role of the genus Oithona (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in the South China Sea

Oceanologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianggen Wang ◽  
Feiyan Du ◽  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Yafang Li ◽  
Jiajia Ning
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Copepoda Cyclopoida

scholarly journals «China-Vietnam-India» format in the South-China sea in the context of regional security

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-371
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Ponka ◽  
Nikita S. Kuklin ◽  
Ivan R. Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Energy Plane

This article is devoted to the role of the territorial dispute in the South China sea in relations between China, Vietnam and India in the regional subsystem of Southeast Asia. The regional space under consideration is characterized by high economic dynamism and active integration processes, including participation of non-regional actors. Particular importance is attached to the positions of the three States on fundamental aspects that have a destructive impact on the development of regional processes. Attention is paid to the conceptualization of the policy of the three States in the waters of this sea. Following consideration of the problems the authors conclude that the intersection of the interests of the three countries in this sea threatens to exacerbate the fragility of the political and strategic landscape of the regional subsystem, registration open, but citizenries order on the space of the SCS. The article notes that the confrontational tone in relations between China, Vietnam and India brings with it many threats, in particular the clash of state interests in the energy plane, the arms race between the three nuclear powers (USA, India, China), which was accompanied by increased military presence of non-regional player (USA) in the region, complicated by territorial and historical conflicts.

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