scholarly journals Quantifying the association of natal household wealth with women’s early marriage in Nepal

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12324
Author(s):  
Akanksha A. Marphatia ◽  
Naomi M. Saville ◽  
Dharma S. Manandhar ◽  
Mario Cortina-Borja ◽  
Jonathan C. K. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Wealth ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Rural Nepal

Background Women’s early marriage (<18 years) is a critical global health issue affecting 650 million women worldwide. It is associated with a range of adverse maternal physical and mental health outcomes, including early childbearing, child undernutrition and morbidity. Poverty is widely asserted to be the key risk factor driving early marriage. However, most studies do not measure wealth in the natal household, but instead, use marital household wealth as a proxy for natal wealth. Further research is required to understand the key drivers of early marriage. Methods We investigated whether natal household poverty was associated with marrying early, independently of women’s lower educational attainment and broader markers of household disadvantage. Data on natal household wealth (material asset score) for 2,432 women aged 18–39 years was used from the cluster-randomized Low Birth Weight South Asia Trial in lowland rural Nepal. Different early marriage definitions (<15, <16, <17 and <18 years) were used because most of our population marries below the conventional 18-year cut-off. Logistic mixed-effects models were fitted to estimate the probabilities, derived from adjusted Odds Ratios, of (a) marrying at different early ages for the full sample and for the uneducated women, and (b) being uneducated in the first place. Results Women married at median age 15 years (interquartile range 3), and only 18% married ≥18 years. Two-thirds of the women were entirely uneducated. We found that, rather than poverty, women’s lower education was the primary factor associated with early marriage, regardless of how ‘early’ is defined. Neither poverty nor other markers of household disadvantage were associated with early marriage at any age in the uneducated women. However, poverty was associated with women being uneducated. Conclusion When assets are measured in the natal household in this population, there is no support for the conventional hypothesis that household poverty is associated with daughters’ early marriage, but it is associated with not going to school. We propose that improving access to free education would both reduce early marriage and have broader benefits for maternal and child health and gender equality.

scholarly journals nSex-biased prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and gender inequality in rural Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Bertoncello ◽  
Irene Amoruso ◽  
Ughetta Moscardino ◽  
Marco Fonzo ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rural Nepal

scholarly journals 234 Sleep quality during the coronavirus pandemic in a Brazilian family-based cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A93-A94
Author(s):  
Tamara Taporoski ◽  
Felipe Beijamini ◽  
Francieli Ruiz ◽  
Sabrina Ahmed ◽  
Malcolm von Schantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
Family Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Abstract Introduction Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazil adopted measures to minimize the spread of the virus, including quarantine orders where people only left home for essential business. This practice could negatively impact sleep by reducing exposure to daylight and physical activity. We examined subjective sleep quality in Baependi, a small rural town in Brazil during the COVID-19 quarantine order. Methods This sample is from the Baependi Heart Study, a family-based cohort of adults. Participants (n=800, 71% women, mean age 51.6±15.6 years) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) early in the COVID pandemic (April-May, 2020). They were also asked about their compliance to the quarantine order (yes/no). We compared sleep between quarantined (QT) and not-quarantined individuals (NQT). Longitudinal data was obtained from a subsample of 417 individuals who also completed a pre-COVID PSQI between January, 2010 and September, 2014. Results Individuals compliant with the quarantine had worse sleep quality than non-quarantined individuals [QT PSQI= 6.1 (±3.9), NQT PSQI= 5.0 (±3.5), p&lt;0.01]. Stratified analysis showed that differences in PSQI scores between QT and NQT was greater for women [QT = 6.4 (±4), NQT = 5.2 (±3.7), p&lt;0.01] and older people [QT = 6.6 (±0.1), NQT = 5.5 (±3.3), p=0.02]. Associations were attenuated after adjusting for age and gender. PSQI components demonstrated a higher sleep latency for the QT group in the full sample (p=0.02), women (p&lt;0.01) and young (&lt;50 years, p=0.03). Sleep duration was shorter in the QT young subsample (p=0.03). QT women also reported lower sleep efficiency (p=0.01) and greater use of sleep medication than NQT women (p&lt;0.01). In the longitudinal subsample, PSQI scores were significantly higher during COVID than pre-pandemic [COVID= 5.7 (±3.8), pre-COVID= 5 (±3.3), p&lt;0.01]. The significant change in PSQI was only observed in the QT participants [COVID= 5.9 (±3.7), pre-COVID= 5.2 (±3.4), p&lt;0.01] and not NQT [COVID= 5 (±3.7), pre-COVID= 4.5 (±3), p=0.12. Conclusion Individuals who quarantined during COVID-19 had worse sleep quality than individuals who did not quarantine. Longitudinal comparison demonstrated that participants who quarantined had worse sleep quality during COVID compared to before to the pandemic. Support (if any) NIH 1R01HL141881

Child Undernutrition in the States of India: An Analysis Based on Change in Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure from 2006 to 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226612110103
Author(s):  
J. R. Jith ◽  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Low Weight

Stunting, wasting and underweight—the three traditional indicators of undernourishment among children—provide mutually non-exclusive categories of anthropometric failures: low height for age, low weight for height and low weight for age. Although these indicators are essential for designing specific clinical and child nutrition policy interventions, they fall short of estimating the prevalence of overall anthropometric failure, which provides a sense of the scale of the nutrition problem. This article estimates the alternative, more comprehensive measure Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) for Indian states, based on data from the National Family Health surveys of 2006 and 2016, for children under five years (Ch–U5). The CIAF-based undernutrition estimates show significantly high anthropometric failure levels among Indian children compared to only stunting, wasting and underweight. Based on population projections for Ch–U5, we also show that a sizeable number of states may have seen an increase in child undernutrition between 2006 and 2016. We also correlated CIAF with household wealth index scores and found a positive relationship with children facing no anthropometric failure.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERNIKAHAN DINI DI DUSUN I DESA BARU KEC PANCUR BATU DELI SERDANG SUMATERA UTARA TAHUN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Meriati Bunga Arta Purba
Keyword(s):  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Birth Complication ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender

Based on the research by the Sexuality and Gender Study Center of University of Indonesia, the rate of early marriage in Indonesia is the second highest in Southeast Asian in which 2 million out of 7.3 million women below 15 years old are married and drop out from school. Early marriage hinders them from going to school, causes pregnancy and birth complication, impedes the achievement of KB (Family Planning) Program and increases divorce rate. Goals : The objective of the research was to discover the correlation of value of virginity, knowledge and trust with early marriage at Dusun I Desa Baru. Methods: This is an observational analytical research with cross sectional design. It was done at Dusun I Desa Baru, Pancur Batu Subdistrict from November, 2017 until February, 2018. The population covered the teenagers below 20 years old which was all taken as the research samples i.e. 139 people. The dependent variable was early marriage, while the independent variables were parent income, trust, knowledge and value of virginity. The data were collected through questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression testing was employed to analyze the data. Result : The research results demonstrated that the variable with the most dominant influence was parent income at p-value = 0.006 (p<0.05) and Exp. β value = 3.675, followed by the variable of trust at p-value = 0.027 (p<0.05) and Exp. β value = 2.368, the variable of knowledge at p-value = 0.003 (p<0.05) and Exp. β value 6.064, and the variable of virginity at p-value = 0.003 (p<0.05) and Exp. Β value = 6.064. Based on these results, it was concluded that f(y) was 97%. It indicated that the probability of the variables of parent income, trust, knowledge and virginity influenced early marriage of 97.7%. Conclusion: It is recommended that the local government cooperate with local Puskesmas, Religious Figures, and Parents to conduct counseling to improve people’s knowledge of the ideal age to get married, so that they can prevent from possible problems due to early marriage and provide their children parent income at early age the importance of protecting their virginity until they get married.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Exploration in Causes of Water Insecurity Experiences, and Gender and Nutritional Consequences in South-Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12534
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Madeeha Gohar Qureshi ◽  
Sidra Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Although water insecurity has been discussed in general, its impacts on mothers’ physical and mental health, and infants’ and young children’s feeding (IYCF), has largely been ignored. This study explores household water insecurity experiences and their association with optimal health and nutrition of women and children in the Rajanpur district of Punjab Province. Using focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informants (KIIs) interviews from an area with high maternal-child malnutrition prevalence, a qualitative study was conducted to describe local experiences of water acquirement and arrangement, and of the consequences of water insecurity. The findings highlight that rural Western marginalized populations of the Rajanpur district rely on brackish, canal, or flood surface water as the water supply is absent, which intensifies mothers’ work burden and stress, and often makes them victims of violence, stigma, and sickness. Water fetching impacts women in unforeseen ways, impacting the psychosocial and physical health of mothers engaged in maternal breastfeeding. Water insecurity, originally rooted in regional disparities, compounds with gender inequities, which leads to maternal stress and child sickness. Justice in water resources is imperative and urgent in the deprived South of Punjab province for improving public health nutrition.

scholarly journals Impact of an improved biomass stove on birth outcomes in rural Nepal: A cluster-randomized, step-wedge trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
J. Katz ◽  
J.M. Tielsch ◽  
S.K. Khatry ◽  
L. Shrestha ◽  
P. Breysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Biomass Stove ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Rural Nepal

Intimate partner violence

2018 ◽  
pp. 465-476
Author(s):  
Carmen Wong ◽  
Wai Ching Ng ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Anne Scully-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to any action that causes physical, sexual, and psychological harm by intimate partners, which includes domestic violence. This chapter gives a brief overview and details the prevalence, current theories, research, and evidence, including patriarchy and gender issues. IPV is complex, with internal and external factors relating to the victim, perpetrator, family, and the community. The long-term impacts on physical and mental health are reviewed. Recent direction by the World Health Organization describes a multi-level integrated approach, which is discussed topically in terms of individual, relational, and community prevention and intervention and its challenges. Finally, policies and laws relating to IPV are reviewed. This chapter has been written collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team of medical, social, and legal professionals.

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