scholarly journals Effects of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection on the immune response of rabbits

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7632
Author(s):  
Chenwen Xiao ◽  
Guolian Bao ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jiaoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Soluble Cd4

Background Rabbit breeding has developed into a large-scale industry, and as such, the incidence of dermatophytosis in rabbits has become increasingly common. A rabbit model with Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection was established to study the changes within the immune responses after fungal infection. Methods After the T. mentagrophytes challenge on skin, pathogens on the skin were isolated from the rabbits in the fungal infection (FI) groups 20 days. Fungal observation under microscope were carried out. Identification of strains was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the CDR1 gene. The collected anticoagulant blood samples were analyzed for various blood cell parameters. The levels of antibodies, including IgM and IgA, cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and soluble CD4 and CD8 in the serum of the FI group vs. the control group were determined independently. RNA isolation from blood samples and fluorescence-based quantitative PCR were carried out for the mRNA level of M-csf 20 days after fungal challenge. Results Our model resulted in typical symptoms of dermatophytosis on rabbit skin after challenged with fungus. Pathogens isolated from the infected rabbit skin were confirmed to be T. mentagrophytes by microscopic examination and PCR. The number of lymphocytes in the blood of the FI group was significantly decreased in comparison to the control group 2 days after the fungal challenge, but was significantly increased in comparison the control group 10 days after the fungal challenge (P < 0.01). Platelet counts of the FI group were significantly higher than in the control group at 2 (P < 0.05), 10 (P < 0.05), and 20 (P < 0.01) days after fungal challenge. The red blood cell distribution width of the FI group was significantly increased in comparison to that of the control group at 2, 10, and 20 days after fungal challenge (P < 0.01 for all days). The levels of antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA (P < 0.01)), cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 (P < 0.01), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (P < 0.05)), and soluble CD4 (P < 0.01) and CD8 (P < 0.01) in the serum were significantly different between the FI and control groups. Serum M-csf mRNA level of the FI group was significantly higher than the control group 20 days after fungal challenge (P < 0.01). Conclusions This study demonstrates how the immune system responds to infection with T. mentagrophytes and provides potential targets for the prevention and treatment of dermatophytosis.

scholarly journals Recombinant human interleukin-3 and recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered in vivo after high- dose cyclophosphamide cancer chemotherapy: effect on hematopoiesis and microenvironment in human bone marrow

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 2610-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Orazi ◽  
G Cattoretti ◽  
R Schiro ◽  
S Siena ◽  
M Bregni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The effects on bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation and differentiation of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) administered after high-dose (7 g/m2/d) cyclophosphamide (HD-CTX) chemotherapy were studied in nine patients with malignancies without BM involvement and in three control patients. rhIL-3 at a dose of 1 to 5 micrograms/kg/day was administered for 14 to 18 days by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion and rhGM-CSF was administered at a dose of 5.5 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days. Changes induced by cytokine treatment were assessed by morphoimmunohistochemical analysis of BM biopsies. Comparison was made in the cytokine-treated groups and with control patients who received HD-CTX alone. BM cellularity and the myeloid/erythroid (ME) ratio were lower in rhIL-3-treated than in rhGM- CSF-treated patients, but in both groups it was significantly higher than in the controls. The proportion of BM cells stained by PC10, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a proliferation-associated nuclear protein (PCNA), increased from 6.78% to 21.18% (P less than .02) after rhIL-3, and from 5% to 35.33% (P less than .001) after rhGM- CSF; no increase was observed in the control group. The frequency of CD34+ BM cells was unchanged after rhIL-3 (P = NS) and decreased after rhGM-CSF (P less than .001). In both groups, most of the PC10+ cells were represented by promyelocytes and myelocytes with no increase in blast cell numbers. rhIL-3-treated BM showed an increased number of megakaryocytes and increased proliferative activity of erythroid cells as compared with rhGM-CSF cases. BM stroma changes observed in both treated groups included endothelial cell proliferation, increased BM macrophage concentration, and increase in BM fibroblasts as detected with an anti-nerve growth factor receptor antibody. In most rhIL-3- treated cases, BM fibrosis developed after treatment. The same effect was not observed in rhGM-CSF patients.

Use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in graft failure after bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nemunaitis ◽  
JW Singer ◽  
CD Buckner ◽  
D Durnam ◽  
C Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract The effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was evaluated in 37 patients with marrow graft failure after allogeneic (n = 15), autologous (n = 21), or syngeneic (n = 1) bone marrow transplantation. rhGM-CSF was administered by 2-hour infusion at doses between 60 and 1,000 micrograms/m2/d for 14 or 21 days. At doses of less than 500 micrograms/m2, rhGM-CSF was well-tolerated and did not exacerbate graft- versus-host disease in allogeneic transplant recipients. No patient with myelogenous leukemia relapsed while receiving rhGM-CSF. Twenty-one patients reached an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/L within 2 weeks of starting therapy while 16 did not. None of seven patients who received chemically purged autologous marrow grafts responded to rhGM-CSF. The survival rates of GM-CSF- treated patients were significantly better than those of a historical control group.

scholarly journals Effect of recombinant canine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on hematopoietic recovery after otherwise lethal total body irradiation

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1963-1970
Author(s):  
RA Nash ◽  
FG Schuening ◽  
K Seidel ◽  
FR Appelbaum ◽  
T Boone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Hematopoietic Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Recombinant canine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rcGM-CSF) was studied in normal dogs and in dogs receiving otherwise lethal total body irradiation (TBI) without marrow transplant. Five normal dogs receiving 25 micrograms/kg of rcGM-CSF by subcutaneous (SC) injection twice daily (BID) for 14 days showed increases in peripheral blood neutrophil counts of three to five times the baseline. Platelet counts decreased during administration of rcGM-CSF to a mean nadir of 52,800. Ten dogs received 400 cGy TBI at 10 cGy/min from two opposing 60Co sources and no marrow graft. Within 2 hours of TBI, rcGM-CSF was begun at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg SC BID for 5 doses and then continued at 25 micrograms/kg SC BID for 21 days. Only 1 of the 10 dogs receiving rcGM-CSF survived with complete and sustained recovery of hematopoiesis. One of 13 historical control dogs survived after 400 cGy with no hematopoietic growth factor or marrow infusion. Results with rcGM-CSF were compared with previous and concurrent data with G-CSF studied in the same model. Of 10 dogs receiving G-CSF, 8 survived with complete and sustained hematopoietic recovery, a significantly better survival than that seen with rcGM-CSF (P = .006). Neutrophil counts were sustained at higher levels after TBI for the first 18 days in the G-CSF group (P < .016) and the neutrophil nadirs were higher. No differences in neutrophil nadirs were noted between the rcGM-CSF and control groups. Dogs treated with rcGM-CSF experienced a more rapid decline of platelet counts than G-CSF-treated or control dogs over the first 18 days (P < .001). The nadir of the platelet count was higher in the control group than in either the G-CSF or rcGM-CSF group and no significant difference was observed between the G-CSF and rcGM-CSF groups. After otherwise lethal TBI (400 cGy) in dogs, rcGM-CSF was not effective in promoting hematopoietic recovery or improving survival.

scholarly journals Regulation of parasite-induced eosinophilia: selectively increased interleukin 5 production in helminth-infected patients.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Limaye ◽  
J S Abrams ◽  
J E Silver ◽  
E A Ottesen ◽  
T B Nutman
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Production of the eosinophilogenic cytokines interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-5 by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared between 11 noneosinophilic individuals and seven patients with helminth-induced eosinophilia. Both the kinetics and quantities of IL-3 and GM-CSF were similar in the two groups. In contrast, IL-5 production at both the protein and the mRNA level was markedly greater in the eosinophilic patients, an observation suggesting that IL-5 may be particularly important in mediating the selective eosinophilia seen in filarial and other helminth infections.

Use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in graft failure after bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
J Nemunaitis ◽  
JW Singer ◽  
CD Buckner ◽  
D Durnam ◽  
C Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was evaluated in 37 patients with marrow graft failure after allogeneic (n = 15), autologous (n = 21), or syngeneic (n = 1) bone marrow transplantation. rhGM-CSF was administered by 2-hour infusion at doses between 60 and 1,000 micrograms/m2/d for 14 or 21 days. At doses of less than 500 micrograms/m2, rhGM-CSF was well-tolerated and did not exacerbate graft- versus-host disease in allogeneic transplant recipients. No patient with myelogenous leukemia relapsed while receiving rhGM-CSF. Twenty-one patients reached an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/L within 2 weeks of starting therapy while 16 did not. None of seven patients who received chemically purged autologous marrow grafts responded to rhGM-CSF. The survival rates of GM-CSF- treated patients were significantly better than those of a historical control group.

scholarly journals Multiplication of the Enterocyte Mass by Serosal Patch Technique / Umnožavanje Enterocitne Mase Tehnikom Seroznog Patch-A

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
P. Slobodan Grebeldinger ◽  
S. Branka Radojčić ◽  
N. Jelena Ćulafić ◽  
M. Bojana Andrejić Višnjić
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Patch Technique ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Damage to the small intestine and impairment of the intestinal epithelium occur in various diseases, resulting in a need for new epithelium. Therefore, bioengineering of the small intestine is becoming an attractive field of research where all contributions are highly appreciated. The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of the multiplication of the enterocyte mass using the technique of serosal patch with the application of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as the assessment of the quality of newly formed mucosa. Sixty Mill Hill hooded rats were divided in 4 groups, 15 animals each. In the control group animals, the patch was not created. In the other three groups, the animals were operated on and in each group 8 parietal and 7 visceral patches have been created. One of the groups with operated animals (Group NS) was not postoperatively treated. The second group of operated animals (Group G) was stimulated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The third group of operated animals (Group GM) was stimulated with recombined humane granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF). In the group of animals that were not stimulated, epithelium proliferated slowly. In the group of animals stimulated with G-CSF stimulants, the epithelium initially proliferated rapidly, but appeared atrophic after eight weeks. Stimulation by rHuGM-CSF led to faster epithelization, and epithelium showed signs of advancing proliferation after eight weeks. We confirmed the possibility of enterocyte mass multiplication by using the serosal patch technique, as well as that stimulation with rHuGM-CSF is more effective than stimulation with G-CSF.

scholarly journals Macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the susceptibility of macrophages to infection by human immunodeficiency virus and reduces the activity of compounds that inhibit virus binding

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3405-3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bergamini ◽  
CF Perno ◽  
L Dini ◽  
M Capozzi ◽  
CD Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Soluble Cd4

Abstract The effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on CD4 receptor expression, susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, and anti-HIV activity of dextran sulfate and soluble-CD4 were studied in cultured, human primary macrophages. M-CSF stimulated macrophage cells to express the CD4 receptor, and this resulted in an increase of both the number of CD4+ cells and the density of the receptor on the cell surface. M-CSF also significantly enhanced the susceptibility of macrophage cells to HIV infection. Interestingly, the anti-HIV activity of dextran sulfate and soluble-CD4 (two compounds that interfere with HIV-CD4 binding with different mechanisms) was reduced 100-fold and fivefold, respectively, in M-CSF- treated macrophages. Human blood concentrations of M-CSF are reported to be similar to those used in this work (1,000 U/mL); thus, it is conceivable that also in vivo this cytokine may modify the susceptibility of macrophages to HIV and the ability of dextran sulfate and soluble CD4 to inhibit HIV replication. These results suggest that the in vitro study in M-CSF-treated macrophages of promising drugs inhibitors of HIV-CD4 binding could provide further insights into the potential efficacy of these compounds in patients.

scholarly journals Macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the susceptibility of macrophages to infection by human immunodeficiency virus and reduces the activity of compounds that inhibit virus binding

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3405-3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bergamini ◽  
CF Perno ◽  
L Dini ◽  
M Capozzi ◽  
CD Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Soluble Cd4

The effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on CD4 receptor expression, susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, and anti-HIV activity of dextran sulfate and soluble-CD4 were studied in cultured, human primary macrophages. M-CSF stimulated macrophage cells to express the CD4 receptor, and this resulted in an increase of both the number of CD4+ cells and the density of the receptor on the cell surface. M-CSF also significantly enhanced the susceptibility of macrophage cells to HIV infection. Interestingly, the anti-HIV activity of dextran sulfate and soluble-CD4 (two compounds that interfere with HIV-CD4 binding with different mechanisms) was reduced 100-fold and fivefold, respectively, in M-CSF- treated macrophages. Human blood concentrations of M-CSF are reported to be similar to those used in this work (1,000 U/mL); thus, it is conceivable that also in vivo this cytokine may modify the susceptibility of macrophages to HIV and the ability of dextran sulfate and soluble CD4 to inhibit HIV replication. These results suggest that the in vitro study in M-CSF-treated macrophages of promising drugs inhibitors of HIV-CD4 binding could provide further insights into the potential efficacy of these compounds in patients.

scholarly journals Effect of recombinant canine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on hematopoietic recovery after otherwise lethal total body irradiation

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1963-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Nash ◽  
FG Schuening ◽  
K Seidel ◽  
FR Appelbaum ◽  
T Boone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Hematopoietic Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Recombinant canine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rcGM-CSF) was studied in normal dogs and in dogs receiving otherwise lethal total body irradiation (TBI) without marrow transplant. Five normal dogs receiving 25 micrograms/kg of rcGM-CSF by subcutaneous (SC) injection twice daily (BID) for 14 days showed increases in peripheral blood neutrophil counts of three to five times the baseline. Platelet counts decreased during administration of rcGM-CSF to a mean nadir of 52,800. Ten dogs received 400 cGy TBI at 10 cGy/min from two opposing 60Co sources and no marrow graft. Within 2 hours of TBI, rcGM-CSF was begun at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg SC BID for 5 doses and then continued at 25 micrograms/kg SC BID for 21 days. Only 1 of the 10 dogs receiving rcGM-CSF survived with complete and sustained recovery of hematopoiesis. One of 13 historical control dogs survived after 400 cGy with no hematopoietic growth factor or marrow infusion. Results with rcGM-CSF were compared with previous and concurrent data with G-CSF studied in the same model. Of 10 dogs receiving G-CSF, 8 survived with complete and sustained hematopoietic recovery, a significantly better survival than that seen with rcGM-CSF (P = .006). Neutrophil counts were sustained at higher levels after TBI for the first 18 days in the G-CSF group (P < .016) and the neutrophil nadirs were higher. No differences in neutrophil nadirs were noted between the rcGM-CSF and control groups. Dogs treated with rcGM-CSF experienced a more rapid decline of platelet counts than G-CSF-treated or control dogs over the first 18 days (P < .001). The nadir of the platelet count was higher in the control group than in either the G-CSF or rcGM-CSF group and no significant difference was observed between the G-CSF and rcGM-CSF groups. After otherwise lethal TBI (400 cGy) in dogs, rcGM-CSF was not effective in promoting hematopoietic recovery or improving survival.

scholarly journals Recombinant human interleukin-3 and recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered in vivo after high- dose cyclophosphamide cancer chemotherapy: effect on hematopoiesis and microenvironment in human bone marrow

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 2610-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Orazi ◽  
G Cattoretti ◽  
R Schiro ◽  
S Siena ◽  
M Bregni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract The effects on bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation and differentiation of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) administered after high-dose (7 g/m2/d) cyclophosphamide (HD-CTX) chemotherapy were studied in nine patients with malignancies without BM involvement and in three control patients. rhIL-3 at a dose of 1 to 5 micrograms/kg/day was administered for 14 to 18 days by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion and rhGM-CSF was administered at a dose of 5.5 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days. Changes induced by cytokine treatment were assessed by morphoimmunohistochemical analysis of BM biopsies. Comparison was made in the cytokine-treated groups and with control patients who received HD-CTX alone. BM cellularity and the myeloid/erythroid (ME) ratio were lower in rhIL-3-treated than in rhGM- CSF-treated patients, but in both groups it was significantly higher than in the controls. The proportion of BM cells stained by PC10, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a proliferation-associated nuclear protein (PCNA), increased from 6.78% to 21.18% (P less than .02) after rhIL-3, and from 5% to 35.33% (P less than .001) after rhGM- CSF; no increase was observed in the control group. The frequency of CD34+ BM cells was unchanged after rhIL-3 (P = NS) and decreased after rhGM-CSF (P less than .001). In both groups, most of the PC10+ cells were represented by promyelocytes and myelocytes with no increase in blast cell numbers. rhIL-3-treated BM showed an increased number of megakaryocytes and increased proliferative activity of erythroid cells as compared with rhGM-CSF cases. BM stroma changes observed in both treated groups included endothelial cell proliferation, increased BM macrophage concentration, and increase in BM fibroblasts as detected with an anti-nerve growth factor receptor antibody. In most rhIL-3- treated cases, BM fibrosis developed after treatment. The same effect was not observed in rhGM-CSF patients.

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