Prevalence and Barriers to Lung Cancer Screening in Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Smokers and Physicians

Background: Lung cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death and the third most common cancer in Malaysia. The rising prevalence of lung cancer suggests the need to consider disease screening for early detection, especially in the high-risk population, as it offers the best chance of cure. Objectives: The study aims to determine the willingness of high-risk respondents to participate in a lung cancer screening programme if made available to them, and to determine their attitude towards lung cancer screening and explore factors that might affect participation in a screening programme. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study over 6 months conducted in adult patients attending medical clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) using face-to-face administered questionnaires. Results: In total 180 respondents were analysed. There were 177 (98.3%) males. Mean age was 59.8 ± 9.1 years. Of the respondents, 138 (76.7%) had poor knowledge about cancer screening. Former smokers comprised 119 (66.1%) of the participants, and 61 (33.9%) were current smokers. In total, 141 (78.3%) respondents indicated willingness to participate in a lung cancer screening programme. Out of this group, 68 (48.2%) respondents were unwilling to pay for the procedure. Only 18 (12.8%) were unwilling to undergo lung cancer treatment if detected early. Conclusions: Awareness about general cancer screening is low. Our study showed that when informed of their high-risk status, respondents were willing to participate in lung cancer screening. There should be more health programmes to promote and raise awareness about lung cancer.

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Current lung cancer screening practice amongst general practitioners in Western Australia: a cross-sectional study

Internal Medicine Journal ◽

10.1111/imj.13670 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 78-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Manners ◽

Helen Wilcox ◽

Annette McWilliams ◽

Francesco Piccolo ◽

Helena Liira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Western Australia ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Practice

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Aortic Stenosis as an Additional Finding in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study

Annals of Internal Medicine ◽

10.7326/m20-5507 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kaja Klein-Awerjanow ◽

Witold Rzyman ◽

Marcin Ostrowski ◽

Jadwiga Fijalkowska ◽

Edyta Szurowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Low Dose ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Dose Computed Tomography

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When Is a Harm a Harm? Discordance between Patient and Medical Experts’ Evaluation of Lung Cancer Screening Attributes

Medical Decision Making ◽

10.1177/0272989x20987221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 317-328

Author(s):

Marilyn M. Schapira ◽

Keri L. Rodriguez ◽

Sumedha Chhatre ◽

Liana Fraenkel ◽

Lori A. Bastian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Incidental Findings ◽

Medical Center ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Semistructured Interviews

Background A shared decision-making (SDM) process for lung cancer screening (LCS) includes a discussion between clinicians and patients about benefits and potential harms. Expert-driven taxonomies consider mortality reduction a benefit and consider false-positives, incidental findings, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, radiation exposure, and direct and indirect costs of LCS as potential harms. Objective To explore whether patients conceptualize the attributes of LCS differently from expert-driven taxonomies. Design Cross-sectional study with semistructured interviews and a card-sort activity. Participants Twenty-three Veterans receiving primary care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 55 to 73 y of age with 30 or more pack-years of smoking. Sixty-one percent were non-Hispanic African American or Black, 35% were non-Hispanic White, 4% were Hispanic, and 9% were female. Approach Semistructured interviews with thematic coding. Main Measures The proportion of participants categorizing each attribute as a benefit or harm and emergent themes that informed this categorization. Key Results In addition to categorizing reduced lung cancer deaths as a benefit (22/23), most also categorized the following as benefits: routine annual screening (8/9), significant incidental findings (20/23), follow-up in a nodule clinic (20/23), and invasive procedures (16/23). Four attributes were classified by most participants as a harm: false-positive (13/22), overdiagnosis (13/23), overtreatment (6/9), and radiation exposure (20/22). Themes regarding the evaluation of LCS outcomes were 1) the value of knowledge about body and health, 2) anticipated positive and negative emotions, 3) lack of clarity in terminology, 4) underlying beliefs about cancer, and 5) risk assessment and tolerance for uncertainty. Conclusions Anticipating discordance between patient- and expert-driven taxonomies of the benefits and harms of LCS can inform the development and interpretation of value elicitation and SDM discussions.

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Examining the effect of underlying individual preferences for present over future on lung cancer screening participation: a cross-sectional analysis of a Korean National Cancer Screening Survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e035495

Author(s):

Jaeho Lee ◽

Yeol Kim ◽

Mina Suh ◽

Seri Hong ◽

Kui Son Choi

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Preferences ◽

Screening Participation ◽

The Future ◽

Intention To Participate ◽

Cancer Screening Participation ◽

Screening Survey

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the effect of underlying individual preferences for the present over that for the future on lung cancer screening participation.SettingWe analysed the data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey in 2018.Participants4500 adults aged 20–74 years old participated in the study.DesignIn this cross-sectional survey, multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between subjects’ intention to participate in lung cancer screening and individual preferences. The underlying individual preferences were measured on the basis of the self-reported general willingness to spend money now in order to save money in the future and general preferences with regard to financial planning.Primary outcome measureIntention to participate in lung cancer screening.ResultsIndividuals eligible for lung cancer screening who place less value on their future were around four times less likely to report an intention to participate in lung cancer screening than were those who valued their future (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.89 to 7.90). A present-biassed individual (one with a tendency for immediate gratification) was also about four times less likely to report an intention to participate in screening than an individual with no present bias (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.57).ConclusionsUnderlying individual preferences regarding the present and future significantly affect individuals’ intention to participate in lung cancer screening. Hence, provision of incentives may be necessary to encourage the targeted heavy smokers who may have a strong preferences for the present over future.

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