scholarly journals Reduced Susceptibility and Resistance to Vancomycin of Staphylococcus aureus: A Review of Global Incidence Patterns and Related Genetic Mechanisms

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Unni ◽  
Tahseen J Siddiqui ◽  
Satesh Bidaisee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in Otolaryngology

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron D. Gottlieb ◽  
Mahendra K. Shah ◽  
David C. Perlman ◽  
Charles P. Kimmelman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Soon after the introduction of methicillin, strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin were reported. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a common hospital pathogen, often resistant to multiple antibiotics, while causing significant morbidity and mortality. Community-acquired MRSA infections have been infrequently documented. Most reports have been associated with intravenous drug abuse. This report reviews 15 patients with community-acquired MRSA infections of the head and neck. None admitted to intravenous drug use. Additionally, no patient was known to be a healthcare worker. The MRSA strains showed antibiotic susceptibility and resistance profiles different from typical hospital-acquired MRSA isolates. All but one infection resolved with adequate surgical or appropriate antibiotic therapy. Clinicians should become aware of the possibility of community-acquired MRSA in the patient who has had continued infection despite antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus as an infectious agent: overview of biochemistry and molecular genetics of its pathogenicity.

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Plata ◽  
Adriana E Rosato ◽  
Grzegorz Wegrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Although it is estimated that 20-30% of the general human population are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, this bacterium is one of the most important etiological agents responsible for healthcare-associated infections. The appearance of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has created serious therapeutical problems. Detailed understanding of the mechanisms of S. aureus infections seems necessary to develop new effective therapies against this pathogen. In this article, we present an overview of the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of pathogenicity of S. aureus strains. Virulence factors, organization of the genome and regulation of expression of genes involved in virulence, and mechanisms leading to methicilin resistance are presented and briefly discussed.

scholarly journals The Resistance of Staphylococcus Species to Different Antibiotics in Al-Kharj City

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Introduction: Infections caused by Staphylococcus species can spread not only in hospitals but also in the community and in other healthcare institutions. These organisms were known for its capability to acquire resistance to various classes of antibiotics. Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility and resistance rates of S. aureus strains isolated from numerous clinical samples at a public hospital in Al-kharj city were collected from the monthly antibiogram prepared by the laboratory department in the hospital. Results: The bacterial culture results found that there were 450 Staphylococcus species; the majority of bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. Some medications such as Vancomycin, Linezolid still very effective in treating Staphylococcus infections. Conclusion: S. aureus infections were common in Alkharj city and the resistance is widespread for staphylococci species, mainly MRSA. To reduce the resistance rate antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented and antibiotic susceptibility should be monitored continuously.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis in 2002-2004 versus 2007-2009 years

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
M S Treneva ◽  
A N Pampura ◽  
V R Voronina ◽  
Z V Zaporozhtseva
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Background. Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) colonization is revealed in 80-84% of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). There are no results on S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics in children with AD within the period 2002-2004 to 2007-2009 years. Methods. S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated in 62 children with AD in 2002-2004 years and in 199 children in 2007-2009 years. S. aureus susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics were evaluated as frequencies (q) and their 95% confidential intervals (CI 95%) with MS «Excell». results. S. aureus antibiotic susceptibility in AD children is increased to ciprofloxacin since 2002-2004 to 2007-2009 [0,54 (0,42..0,67) /0,85 (0,80..0,91)] and is not changed to ceftriaxone [0,57 (0,44..0,70) /0,64 (0,57..0,71)], oxacillin [0,75 (0,64..0,86)/0,71 (0,64..0,78)] and cefuroxime [0,61 (0,49..0,74)/0,58 (0,36..0,80)]. Erythromycin susceptibility of S. aureus is 7 times reduced [0,71 (0,60..0,82)/0,10 (0,06..0,14)]; chloramphenicol susceptibility is 2 times reduced [0,79 (0,69..0,90)/0,33 (0,09..0,57)]. There is a decline of S. aureus antibiotic susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, linkomycin. Conclusion. Ceftriaxone may be the antibiotic of choice in children with severe infected AD. Oxacillin and cefuroxime should be recommended as an alternative choice.

scholarly journals Elephant Genomes Elucidate Disease Defenses and Other Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Tollis ◽  
Elliott Ferris ◽  
Michael S. Campbell ◽  
Valerie K. Harris ◽  
Shawn M. Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genomics ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

AbstractDisease susceptibility and resistance comprise important factors in conservation, particularly in elephants. To determine genetic mechanisms underlying disease resistance and other unique elephant traits, we estimated 862 and 1,017 potential regulatory elements in Asian and African elephants, respectively. These elements are significantly enriched in both species with differentially expressed genes involved in immunity pathways, including tumor-necrosis factor which plays a role in the response to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV). Population genomics analyses indicate that amplified TP53 retrogenes are maintained by purifying selection and may contribute to cancer resistance in elephants, including less malignancies in African vs. Asian elephants. Positive selection scans across elephant genomes revealed genes that may control iconic elephant traits such as tusk development, memory, and somatic maintenance. Our study supports the hypothesis that interspecies variation in gene regulation contributes to differential inflammatory responses leading to increased infectious disease and cancer susceptibility in Asian versus African elephants. Genomics can inform functional immunological studies which may improve both conservation for elephants and human therapies.

Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh porcine skin xenografts: Risk to recipients with thermal injury

Burns ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey-Ann Busby ◽  
Andrew Robb ◽  
Sue Lang ◽  
Yasu Takeuchi ◽  
Pavel Vesely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

scholarly journals Mutations in the gdpP gene are a clinically relevant mechanism for β-lactam resistance in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lacking mec determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sommer ◽  
Stephan Fuchs ◽  
Franziska Layer ◽  
Christoph Schaudinn ◽  
Robert E. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

In Staphylococcus aureus , resistance to β-lactamase stable β-lactam antibiotics is mediated by the penicillinbinding protein 2a, encoded by mecA or by its homologues mecB or mecC. However, a substantial number of meticillin-resistant isolates lack known mec genes and, thus, are called meticillin resistant lacking mec (MRLM). This study aims to identify the genetic mechanisms underlying the MRLM phenotype. A total of 141 MRLM isolates and 142 meticillin-susceptible controls were included in this study. Oxacillin and cefoxitin minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth microdilution and the presence of mec genes was excluded by PCR. Comparative genomics and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach were applied to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the MRLM phenotype. The potential impact of such mutations on the expression of PBP4, as well as on cell morphology and biofilm formation, was investigated. GWAS revealed that mutations in gdpP were significantly associated with the MRLM phenotype. GdpP is a phosphodiesterase enzyme involved in the degradation of the second messenger cyclic-di-AMP in S. aureus . A total of 131 MRLM isolates carried truncations, insertions or deletions as well as amino acid substitutions, mainly located in the functional DHH-domain of GdpP. We experimentally verified the contribution of these gdpP mutations to the MRLM phenotype by heterologous complementation experiments. The mutations in gdpP had no effect on transcription levels of pbp4; however, cell sizes of MRLM strains were reduced. The impact on biofilm formation was highly strain dependent. We report mutations in gdpP as a clinically relevant mechanism for β-lactam resistance in MRLM isolates. This observation is of particular clinical relevance, since MRLM are easily misclassified as MSSA (meticillin-susceptible S. aureus ), which may lead to unnoticed spread of β-lactam-resistant isolates and subsequent treatment failure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document