scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Root Dentin Microhardness after using Different Standard Irrigating Solutions and Stevia Leaf Extract- An In vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Paresh Shah ◽  
Rushikesh Mahaparale ◽  
TM Mangala ◽  
Adish Anand Saraf ◽  
Sneha Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Success in endodontic therapy largely depends on mechanical and chemical debridement of the root canals by using instruments and effective irrigating solutions which are not only important for cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, but also, are capable of altering the chemical and structural properties of dentin. As the microhardness test is sensitive to surface changes of tooth structure, it is useful in making a correlation between irrigating solutions and root dentin microhardness. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different standard irrigating solutions at standard concentrations and Stevia leaf extract (2.5%) on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: This is an in-vitro comparative study where forty intact single rooted teeth were selected and decoronated to get an apico-coronal length of 10 mm and were randomly divided into four groups as per the irrigant used; Group 1 (control): Irrigation with Normal saline, Group 2: Irrigation with 2.5% Sodium Hypochloride (NaOCl) followed by 17% EDTA, Group 3: Irrigation with 2.5% Stevia extract solution, Group 4: Irrigation with SmearClear solution. They were prepared using ProTaper Universal Rotary Files with intermittent irrigation with the respective irrigating solution. The teeth were then embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to Vicker’s Hardness test and the data obtained were analysed using one way ANOVA test. p<0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: At 500 microns, Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) value was less than at 1000 micron, but was not statistically significant, (p>0.05). Between the groups, the control group showed the highest microhardness at 500 and 1000 microns, namely, 51.27±4.36 VHN and 53.60±5.12 VHN, respectively. Group 3 and 4 showed a comparable reduction in microhardness with Group 3 showing slightly better results (47.98±4.34 VHN and 48.89±5.26 VHN, respectively) as compared to Group 4 (47.36±5.50 VHN and 48.62±5.84 VHN, respectively). Group 2 showed the least value (36.60±5.71 VHN and 37.11±5.82 VHN, respectively). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, teeth irrigated with normal saline showed least reduction in microhardness followed by irrigation with Stevia leaf extract solution, SmearClear and Hypochlorite followed by EDTA.

scholarly journals The Influence of Post Bleaching Treatments in Stain Absorption and Microhardness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horieh Moosavi ◽  
Fatemeh Darvishzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of post bleaching treatments to prevent restaining and the change of enamel surface microhardness after dental bleaching in vitro. Methods: Sixty intact human incisor teeth were stained in tea solution and randomly assigned into four groups (n=15). Then samples were bleached for two weeks (8 hours daily) by 15% carbamide peroxide. Tooth color was determined both with a spectrophotometer and visually before bleaching (T1) and immediately after bleaching (T2). Next, it was applied in group 1 fluoride (Naf 2%) gel for 2 minutes, and in group 2 a fractional CO2 laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s), and in group 3, nanohydroxyapatite gel for 2 minutes. The bleached teeth in group 4 remained untreated (control group). Then teeth placed in tea solution again. Color examinations were repeated after various post bleaching treatments (T3) and restaining with tea (T4) and color change values recorded. The microhardness was measured at the enamel surface of samples. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett T3 (α = 0.05). Results: Directly after bleaching (ΔE T3-T2), the treatment with nanohydroxyapatite showed significantly the least color lapse in colorimetric evaluation. In experimental groups, the color change between T3 and T4 stages (ΔE T4-T3) was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). Different methods of enamel treatment caused a significant increase in surface microhardness compared to control group (P < 0.05). Significance: Application of fluoride, fractional CO2 laser and nanohydroxyapatite as post bleaching treatments are suggested for prevention of stain absorption and increasing the hardening of bleached enamel.

scholarly journals AN INVITRO COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH OBTURATED WITH RESILON AND GUTTA-PERCHA

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 075-079
Author(s):  
Kiran Halkai ◽  
Rahul Halkai ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim: To compare and evaluate in-vitro the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with resilon & epiphany sealer and guttapercha using different sealers. Epoxy resin based sealer AH-plus and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer-TubliSeal (EWT). Methodology: sixty four human single rooted maxillary anterior teeth, cleaned stored in 0.9% saline. All the teeth were decoronated to root length 14mm and bucco-lingual diameter of 5-7mm, After access openings teeth were instrumented using K3.06 up to final apical size 30/.06 and randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (n=16 per group). Group 1(Control group): teeth were instrumented but not obturated, Group 2: Resilon cones and epiphany SE-sealer. Group 3: guttapercha cones and epoxy based sealer AH plus. Group 4: guttapercha and Tubli seal EWT. Coronal seal was done using IRM cement. Each of the specimens were tested for fracture resistance by instron universal testing machine. Results: Higher fracture resistance values were observed for group 2 (Resilon & Epiphany SE sealer) followed by group 3(Guttapercha & AH Plus sealer) and group 4(Guttapercha & TubliSeal EWT) when compared to group1 (control-instrumented but not obturated). Conclusion: filling the root canals with contemporary polymer based root canal obturating system- Resilon increased the in vitro fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Methods for Color Stability of the E-Max Dental Ceramics: In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513
Author(s):  
Ibraheem F Alshiddi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to assess the influence of finishing and polishing on the surface brightness and color stability of the ceramic veneer, fifty specimens were fabricated with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness using IPS E-Max Ceramic. After glazing, 10 specimens were untouched as control group, and the other 40 specimens were abraded using 125µm diamond bur to create surface roughness. Forty specimens were divided into four groups (n=10), in group 1: specimens were finished using diamond point, in group 2 specimens’ surface was polished with a polishing kit, Group 3: Each specimen surface was polished with the polishing kit as in protocol 2 and was polished a polishing past and group 4 Each specimen was glazed by heating at 621℃ for 3 minutes followed by a temperature increase of 83℃/min up to 918℃ for 30 seconds. Color measurement was performed using spectrophotometer. Color stability data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=0.05). For Ra values, paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data and compare groups. The change in L and E showed a significant difference among the study groups; (group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4) with respect to three variables L, a and b. A significant difference was noted when compared each group with the control; however, only group 2 showed a significant difference from group 4; the remaining groups demonstrated similar findings for all three variables. The study displayed a significant impact of the finishing and polishing technique on the surface brightness and color stability of ceramic restoration. However, it was evident that combination of two or three polishing techniques which includes polish kit and glaze enhances the surface finish and adds color stability by alternating the yellow – blue axis (increase in b) and red- green axis (decrease in a).

scholarly journals In vivo microbiological evaluation of the effect of biomechanical preparation of root canals using different irrigating solutions

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Tanomaru Filho ◽  
José Carlos Yamashita ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of biomechanical preparation using different irrigating solutions. Seventy-eight root canals from premolars of four dogs were used. After experimental induction of periapical lesions, the root canals were prepared using the following solutions for irrigation: Group 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3) saline solution and Group 4) control group with no biomechanical preparation. The microbiological evaluation of the root canals was performed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) using different culture mediums. Two absorbent paper cones were used in each root canal in order to collect the microbiological samples before, and thirty days after the biomechanical preparation. The culture plates were incubated in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic environment. Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance, Tukey and Student tests. The results demonstrated that there was reduction in the number of microorganisms in the NaOCl and CHX groups (p<0.05). There was greater effectiveness in the chlorhexidine group. The group that used saline solution and the control group presented an increased number of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the use of antimicrobial irrigating solutions during biomechanical preparation promotes the reduction of endodontic microbiota. However, a considerable number of microorganisms were still observed.

scholarly journals Effect of the number of thermocycles on microleakage of resin composite restorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bittencourt Pazinatto ◽  
Bruno Barbosa Campos ◽  
Leonardo César Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Atta
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Group 1

Thermocycling simulates, in vitro, thermal changes that occur in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles on microleakage. Class V cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3 mm in height and 3 mm in width) were prepared in bovine teeth, restored with a Single Bond/Z250 restorative system (3M/ESPE) and then divided into five groups of ten teeth each: group 1 was not thermocycled (control group), and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were thermocycled 500, 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 times, respectively (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 s dwell time). The teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin aqueous solution for 24 h, sectioned and the sections with the highest degree of microleakage were selected, scanned and the extent of dye penetration was measured by the ImageTool program. The results submitted to one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The averages of microleakage values in millimeters were: group 1 (3.92); group 2 (3.13); group 3 (4.48); group 4 (4.33) and group 5 (3.42). Thus, it was concluded that there is no relation between the increase of the number of cycles and the increase in microleakage.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of natural extract as irrigant on root dentin microhardness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4542-4545
Author(s):  
Sneha Mali ◽  
Abhijeet Phase ◽  
Nootan Mali
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Natural Extract ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

To determine the effect of a natural extract of of 2.5% concentration on the of root canal when used as an irrigating solution. This was an in comparative study where and twenty intact single-rooted teeth were selected and with a diamond bur to get an apical-coronal length of 10 mm and were randomly separated into three groups as per the used; Group 1 (control): Irrigation with Normal saline, Group 2: Irrigation with Smear Clear solution, Group 3: Irrigation with 2.5% extract solution. were prepared using Pro Taper Universal Rotary Files with intermittent irrigation with the respective irrigating solution. The teeth were then embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to Vicker's Hardness test, and the data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA. When Group 2(51.80±9.80 VHN and 52.66±5.28 VHN) was compared with Group 3(44.98±4.34 VHN and VHN) the values showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05).When Group 3 (44.98±4.34 VHN and VHN) was compared with Group 1(65.37±8.80 VHN and 67.74±9.56 VHN), the values did show a statistically significant difference (p> 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, teeth irrigated with normal saline showed the least reduction in followed by irrigation with leaf extract solution and Smear Clear.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGANTS WITH OR WITHOUT ULTRASONIC ACTIVATION ON ROOT DENTIN MICROHARDNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3534-3538
Author(s):  
Irina Tsenova-Ilieva ◽  
◽  
Emilia Karova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasonic Activation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimens of root dentin microhardness. Materials and methods: Twenty extracted, single-rooted, non-endodontically treated upper incisors were decoronated and further sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction. The surfaces of all forty samples were polished, evenly distributed into four groups (n=10) and then immersed in the following solutions: group 1: 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 2 minutes; group 2: 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 2 minutes, both ultrasonically activated; group 3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 2 minutes; group 4: distilled water (control group). Afterwards, the samples were dried and subjected to microhardness testing by using 300g load with a dwell time of 20 seconds. The averaged values of each sample’s Vicker’s hardness numbers were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: All irrigation regimens significantly decreased the mean hardness of dentin when compared to the control group 4 (p<0.05). Pair-wise comparison between the values of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 resulted in no statistical significance (p>0.05) regardless of the concentration and the ultrasonic activation of the solutions. Conclusions: The dentin microhardness was decreased regardless of the irrigation protocols used. Additional studies should clarify the clinical relevance of the compromised mechanical properties of dentin tissue and their relationship with the overall treatment success.

scholarly journals Analgesia following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery. A Controlled Study of Intra-articular Morphine, Bupivacaine or Both Combined

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. McSwiney ◽  
G. P. Joshi ◽  
P. Kenny ◽  
S. M. McCarroll
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, we studied 40 patients who received one of four intra-articular injections at the end of arthroscopic surgery. Each group contained ten patients. The patients in Group 1 received normal saline 25 ml; those in Group 2 received bupivacaine 0.25% 25 ml; those in Group 3 received morphine 5 mg in normal saline 25 ml; and those in Group 4 received a combination of bupivacaine 0.5% 12.5 ml and 5 mg of morphine made up to 25 ml with normal saline to produce the same bupivacaine concentration as Group 2. At the time the patient awoke, and 30min, Ihr, Ihr 30min, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, and 24hr postoperatively, pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The need for supplementary analgesic agents in the first 24 hours was recorded. All pain scores were significantly lower (P< 0.05) in Groups 2, 3 and 4 compared with the control group with the exception of Group 2 at 24 hours. Pain scores were significantly lower (P<0.05) for Group 2 compared with Group 3 for the first 90 minutes postoperatively. At 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively the pain scores were significantly lower (P<0.05%) for Group 3 compared with Group 2. Group 4 had the lowest pain scores over the recorded period compared with the other groups. The need for supplemental analgesia was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the treatment Groups 2, 3 and 4 compared to the control Group 1. There was no significant difference in supplemental analgesic requirements between Groups 2, 3 and 4. A combination of bupivacaine and morphine injected intra-articularly following arthroscopy provided superior analgesia compared with that achieved by either drug alone.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Teeth prepared with Rotary System, filled with single Cone Gutta-percha and Laterally Condensed with Zinc Oxide Eugenol and Resin based (AH26) Sealers to that of Resilon

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Manoranjan Reddy ◽  
P Kashi Vishwanathan ◽  
Sabir Muliyar ◽  
Prakash Chavan ◽  
T Praveen Kumar Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Aim and objective To compare the fracture resistance of teeth prepared with rotary system and filled with single cone guttapercha followed by lateral condensation with different sealers like zinc oxide eugenol and resin based (AH26) to that of resilon. Materials and methods A total number of 70 extracted intact human permanent maxillary incisors were selected. All prepared samples were divided into one control group (n = 10) and three experimental groups (n = 20 per group). Group 1 control. This group received no obturation; the root canal opening was sealed with a temporary filling material (Cavit, Premier Dental Products, Plymouth Meeting, PA) Group 2: Gutta-Percha and zinc oxide Eugenol sealer. Group 3: Gutta-Percha and AH26 sealer. (DiaDent, Korea) dipped in AH26 sealer. Group 4: Resilon cones and RealSeal Resin Sealer. Obturation was accomplished using a 0.06 taper size 40 gutta-percha master point. All the root samples were stored in 100% humidity at 37°C for 2 weeks to allow the sealer to set completely. The root samples were then prepared for mechanical testing and the data was recorded and analyzed statistically. Results One-way ANOVA and Post hoc test (Duncan Multiple range test) were employed to determine possible statistical variation among the groups tested in this study. The force for group 2 was significantly greater than that for the control group 1 (no obturation). The force for group 3 was significantly greater than that for group 2. The force for group 4 was significantly greater than that for group 3. All other groupwise comparisons were not significant at 5% level. Group 4 seemed to have the greatest force among the three groups of interest in the study. Conclusion Root canals filled with Resilon increased the in vitro resistance of single canal extracted teeth compared to other experimental groups. The mean fracture resistance value for the experimental groups in ascending order was as follows: Root canals instrumented but not filled, filled with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer, filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer and filled with Resilon. Clinical significance Resilon is a promising material for reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth. How to cite this article Vishwanathan PK, Muliyar S, Chavan P, Reddy PM, Reddy TPK, Nilawar S. Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Teeth prepared with Rotary System, filled with single Cone Gutta-percha and Laterally Condensed with Zinc Oxide Eugenol and Resin based (AH26) Sealers to that of Resilon. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):773-781.

scholarly journals THU0227 CAFFEINE INTAKE MODULATES DISEASE ACTIVITY AND CYTOKINES LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 340.2-341
Author(s):  
V. Orefice ◽  
F. Ceccarelli ◽  
C. Barbati ◽  
R. Lucchetti ◽  
G. Olivieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mainly affecting women of childbearing age. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis1. At today, no robust data are available about the possible contribute of diet in SLE. Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed products in the world, seems to interact with multiple components of the immune system by acting as a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor2.In vitrodose-dependent treatment with caffeine seems to down-regulate mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes and similarly reduce levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines3.Objectives:We evaluated the impact of caffeine consumption on SLE-related disease phenotype and activity, in terms of clinimetric assessment and cytokines levels.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study, enrolling consecutive patients and reporting their clinical and laboratory data. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k)4. Caffeine intake was evaluated by a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, including all the main sources of caffeine. As previously reported, patients were divided in four groups according to the daily caffeine intake: <29.1 mg/day (group 1), 29.2-153.7 mg/day (group 2), 153.8-376.5 mg/day (group 3) and >376.6 mg/day (group 4)5. At the end of questionnaire filling, blood samples were collected from each patient to assess cytokines levels. These were assessed by using a panel by Bio-Plex assays to measure the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-27, IFN-γ, IFN-α and Blys.Results:We enrolled 89 SLE patients (F/M 87/2, median age 46 years, IQR 14; median disease duration 144 months, IQR 150). The median intake of caffeine was 195 mg/day (IQR 160.5). At the time of the enrollment, 8 patients (8.9%) referred a caffeine intake < 29.1 mg/day (group 1), 27 patients (30.3%) between 29.2 and 153.7 mg/day (group 2), 45 patients (51%) between 153.8 and 376.5 mg/day (group 3) and 9 patients (10.1%) >376.6 mg/day (group 4). A negative correlation between the levels of caffeine and disease activity, evaluated with SLEDAI-2K, was observed (p=0.01, r=-0.26). By comparing the four groups, a significant higher prevalence of lupus nephritis, neuropsychiatric involvement, haematological manifestations, hypocomplementemia and anti-dsDNA positivity was observed in patients with less intake of caffeine (figure 1 A-E). Furthermore, patients with less intake of caffeine showed a significant more frequent use of glucocorticoids [group 4: 22.2%,versusgroup 1 (50.0%, p=0.0001), group 2 (55.5%, p=0.0001), group 3 (40.0%, p=0.009)]. Moving on cytokines analysis, a negative correlation between daily caffeine consumption and serum level of IFNγ was found (p=0.03, r=-0.2) (figure 2A); furthermore, patients with more caffeine intake showed significant lower levels of IFNα (p=0.02, figure 2B), IL-17 (p=0.01, figure 2C) and IL-6 (p=0.003, figure 2D).Conclusion:This is the first report demonstrating the impact of caffeine on SLE disease activity status, as demonstrated by the inverse correlation between its intake and both SLEDAI-2k values and cytokines levels. Moreover, in our cohort, patients with less caffeine consumption seems to have a more severe disease phenotype, especially in terms of renal and neuropsychiatric involvement. Our results seem to suggest a possible immunoregulatory dose-dependent effect of caffeine, through the modulation of serum cytokine levels, as already suggested byin vitroanalysis.References:[1]Kaul et alNat. Rev. Dis. Prim.2016; 2. Aronsen et alEurop Joul of Pharm2014; 3. Iris et alClin Immun.2018; 4. Gladman et al J Rheumatol. 2002; 5. Mikuls et alArth Rheum2002Disclosure of Interests:Valeria Orefice: None declared, Fulvia Ceccarelli: None declared, cristiana barbati: None declared, Ramona Lucchetti: None declared, Giulio Olivieri: None declared, enrica cipriano: None declared, Francesco Natalucci: None declared, Carlo Perricone: None declared, Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Novartis, Gilead, Lilly, Sanofi, Celgene, Speakers bureau: Lilly, cristiano alessandri Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Guido Valesini: None declared, Fabrizio Conti Speakers bureau: BMS, Lilly, Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi

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