scholarly journals Role of Health Financing in Provision of Health Care and Universal Health Coverage in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Kumar Dehury ◽  
Nishchala Sripathi ◽  
GVRK Acharyulu ◽  
Jagatabandhu Mohapatra ◽  
Surya Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

Financing is an important aspect of any program for successful transformation. Financial commitment of government is considered to be the highest form of commitment for successful work. Without budgetary provision, no program can achieve the desired target. The role of health financing of central government, international donor agencies, provincial government, and local bodies have been identified. The paper focused on monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for health financing in the context of recent developments. Health financing models have been discussed to gain an understanding about relation of financing and overall healthcare development. The search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and jstor (journal storage) were consulted to unearth the mechanism of health finances for development of good health. The paper put forth various themes and sub-themes according to financial implications on health structure of India. All healthcare programs need a continuous stream of resources like medicine, workforce, physical infrastructure, monitoring, and evaluation to achieve good health. Whereas, different stakeholders also need financial support to evolve with great vigour and vivacity. There is a pressing need to infuse financial resources into public health system for achievement of universal health care rather than incremental growth in traditional financial processes spreading over several decades. The specific roles and responsibilities of central, provincial, local governments and international donors have to be delineated to expedite resource mobilisation. However, while implementing programs, there should be coordination among all the stakeholders.

scholarly journals The role of community pharmacists in increasing access and use of self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: examples from Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna El Bizri ◽  
Laila Ghazi Jarrar ◽  
Wael K. Ali Ali ◽  
Abdifatah H. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background Self-care interventions offer a solution to support the achievement of three goals of the World Health Organization (WHO): to improve universal health coverage, reach people in humanitarian situations, and improve health and well-being. In light of implementing WHO consolidated guidelines on self-care interventions to strengthen sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists from four different EMR countries discussed the current SRH situation, inequality gaps, barriers to SRH service access and the pharmacist’s crucial role as a first-line responder to patients before, during and after COVID-19. Case presentation Self-care interventions for SRH allow health care providers to serve a greater number of patients, improve progress toward universal health coverage, and reach people in humanitarian crises. In fact, these interventions can be significantly enhanced by utilizing community pharmacists as first-line health care providers. This review highlights the important role of community pharmacists in promoting self-care interventions and empowering individuals, families and communities. As a result, well-informed individuals will be authoritative in their health decisions. Exploring self-care interventions in the EMR was done through reviewing selected SRH services delivery through community pharmacists before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Somalia. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacists were found to be excluded from both governmental and nongovernmental SRH programmes. During the pandemic, community pharmacists managed to support patients with self-care interventions, whether voluntarily or through their pharmacy associations. This highlights the need for the health care decision-makers to involve and support community pharmacists in influencing policies and promoting self-care interventions. Conclusion Self-care interventions can increase individuals’ choice and autonomy over SRH. Supporting community pharmacists will definitely strengthen SRH in the EMR and may help make the health system more efficient and more targeted.

scholarly journals Political economy analysis of universal health coverage and health financing reforms in low- and middle-income countries: the role of stakeholder engagement in the research process

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Loffreda ◽  
Kéfilath Bello ◽  
Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo ◽  
Isidore Selenou ◽  
Mohamed Ali Ag Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Research Uptake ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background Progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) is an inherently political process. Political economy analysis (PEA) is gaining momentum as a tool to better understand the role of the political and economic dimensions in shaping and achieving UHC in different contexts. Despite the acknowledged importance of actors and stakeholders in political economy considerations, their role in the PEA research process beyond “study subjects” as potential cocreators of knowledge and knowledge users has been overlooked so far. We therefore aimed to review the approaches with reference to stakeholder engagement during the research process adopted in the current published research on the political economy of UHC and health financing reforms, and the factors favouring (or hindering) uptake and usability of PEA work. Methods We reviewed the literature to describe whether, when and how stakeholders were involved in the research process of studies looking at the political economy of UHC and health financing reforms, and to identify challenges and lessons learned on effective stakeholder engagement and research uptake. We used a standardized search strategy with key terms across several databases; we screened and included articles that focused on PEA and UHC. Additionally, we conducted a short survey of the authors of the included studies to complement the information retrieved. Results Fifty articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. We found overall little evidence of systematic engagement of stakeholders in the research process, which focused mostly on the data collection phase of the research (i.e., key informant interviews). Our study identifies some reasons for the varying stakeholder engagement. Challenges include PEA requiring specific skills, a focus on sensitive issues, and the blurriness in researchers’ and stakeholders’ roles and the multiple roles of stakeholders as research participants, study subjects and research users. Among the approaches that might favour usability of PEA work, we identified early engagement, coproduction of research questions, local partners and personal contact, political willingness, and trust and use of prospective analysis. Conclusions Stakeholder engagement and research uptake are multifaceted concepts and complex processes, particularly when applied to PEA. As such, stakeholder engagement in the research process of PEA of UHC and health financing reforms is limited and underreported. Despite the challenges, however, stakeholder engagement remains key to ensuring relevance, usability and research uptake of PEA studies. More efforts are required to ensure engagement at different stages of the research process and better reporting in published articles.

scholarly journals Exploration of priority actions for strengthening the role of nurses in achieving universal health coverage

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowaida Al Maaitah ◽  
Raeda Fawzi AbuAlRub
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Universal Health

ABSTRACT Objective: to explore priority actions for strengthening the role of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) towards the achievement of Universal Health Converge (UHC) as perceived by health key informants in Jordan. Methods: an exploratory qualitative design, using a semi-structured survey, was utilized. A purposive sample of seventeen key informants from various nursing and health care sectors was recruited for the purpose of the study. Content analysis utilizing the five-stage framework approach was used for data analysis. Results: the findings revealed that policy and regulation, nursing education, research, and workforce were identified as the main elements that influence the role of APNs in contributing to the achievement of UHC. Priority actions were identified by the participants for the main four elements. Conclusion: study findings confirm the need to strengthen the role of APNs to achieve UHC through a major transformation in nursing education, practice, research, leadership, and regulatory system. Nurses should unite to come up with solid nursing competencies related to APNs, PHC, UHC, leadership and policy making to strengthen their position as main actors in influencing the health care system and evidence creation.

scholarly journals Universal Health Coverage (UHC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Samlee Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Universal Health

Purpose The WHO Health for All goal of the year 2000 was unreachable due to a number of irreconcilable factors. However, governments agree that a resolution must be found to effectively cope with increasing health care costs. Furthermore, national health insurance schemes must be properly refined to suit local situations. Workable health policies and strategies for caring and treating sick people through reduced or cost effective methods must be developed as part of a Universal Health Coverage scheme. A review of progress made toward achieving the WHO goal of health for all. The purpose of this paper is to explore the government’s role and responsibilities to educate and support society to achieve optimum health. Design/methodology/approach This is a commentary piece. Findings Participation and involvement of all people of all walks of life in the development and management of their nation’s health care programs is an important requisite of good health for all. This should include financial participation and co-payment into the national health insurance scheme. Furthermore, national health care systems should involve or include the traditional/local and alternative systems of medicine in the most appropriate manner. Health care has to encompass the total range of comprehensive health interventions, inclusive of at least preventive, curative and rehabilitative care. Originality/value This paper provides a review of the current health system constraints and assesses the effectiveness of available options by way of ensuring that a country-specific UHC system may be successfully implemented.

The diffusion of accounting reform in Sri Lanka: an analysis of two layers of diffusion among three levels of government

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusitha Dissanayake ◽  
Steven Dellaportas ◽  
Prem W.S. Yapa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
True Value

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of accrual accounting among two layers of government in Sri Lanka. This study examines the process of diffusion and application among and between provincial governments and local governments to assess the barriers and enablers on the implementation of accrual accounting.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on data collected through interviews with 30 accounting and finance personnel from all levels of government active in the diffusion process. Interviews were conducted to gather and assess their insights and perceptions on the diffusion of accrual accounting. The data are examined initially using Rogers (1995) “diffusion of innovation” theory to explain the factors influencing the diffusion and adoption of accrual accounting at two levels of government but the analysed primarily by comparing the perspectives of respondents between the different layers of government.FindingsThe findings show that the adoption of accrual accounting was more effective among local governments compared with provincial governments. The lack of effective communication and engagement from the leaders of the innovation failed to persuade provincial government adopters of the true value of the accounting reform. This is contrasted with local governments who openly adopted accrual accounting but not in response to pressure from provincial government, who have oversight responsibility for local governments, but in response to funding protocols initiated by the central government to account for grant funding.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the study should be interpreted with caution as the data are obtained from the narrow cohort of accounting and finance professionals and may not reflect the views or experience of all stakeholders involved in the diffusion of accrual accounting.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the diffusion of accounting innovation literature by examining the role of key players in different layers of government, particularly visible among provincial governments where the lack of engagement delayed its commitment to the implementation of accrual accounting.

Health Financing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Paris Declaration ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
The Right ◽  
Universal Health

As the world moves from vertical programs to Universal Health Coverage, governments must address health financing to develop systems. This chapter focuses on the financing of health care in impoverished countries. Health care is funded by a mix of financing—government expenditure, donor financing, out-of-pocket expenditures, and health insurance. From the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness of 2005 to the newly developed Framework Convention on Global Health, there is a growing movement for the shared global responsibility to finance the right to health. This chapter covers the evolution of health financing, from the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, the Gleneagles summit of 2005, and the Abuja Declaration in 2001, to recent novel financing and insurance schemes. The basic measures of macroeconomics are highlighted. Government, off-budget, and out-of-pocket expenditure are explained. Insurance and novel sources of health financing are discussed as they relate to financing and health as a human right.

scholarly journals Comparing Health Care Financing in Indonesia and Thailand from 1995-2010: What Lessons Could Be Learned?

10.36469/9869 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Darius Erlangga ◽  
Lizheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Universal Health

Purpose: In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its report about health system financing and identified universal coverage as the best way to attain the right of every human being to enjoy “the highest attainable standard of health”. Over the past decade, Thailand has successfully implemented a universal health coverage scheme for its population, while its neighbor country, Indonesia, is still struggling to achieve the same goal. The purpose of this paper is to compare the health financing systems between Thailand and Indonesia. Both countries almost have similar socioeconomic conditions and suffered from severe financial crisis during the late 1990s. The objective of this study is to examine health systems in each country and to determine lessons on how health care financing can affect the health status of a population. Methods: The study is based on statistical data from various publicly available resources. For analysis, the authors followed The Health Systems Assessment Approach: A How-To Manual Version 1.0 issued by Health Systems 20/20 supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The countries were compared using three groups of indicators in health systems performance and functioning: 1. Health Insurance System, 2. Amount and Sources of Financial Resources, and 3. Health Outcomes and Health Workforce Density. Results: In comparing the health financing of the two countries, we found that Thailand initiated much earlier health systems reforms in order to achieve universal health coverage. Indonesia, while on the right track, has moved at a slower pace than Thailand. Thailand and Indonesia have shown improving trends over time in all indicators, but Thailand outperformed Indonesia, especially in the groups of indicators regarding the amount and sources of financial resources. Conclusions: One important lesson identified in this study is that health care reform is unlikely to succeed without strong political support and constant pressure from the nation as a whole, which can be represented by local organizations or professional associations. However, the mere increase of available resources devoted to the health sector does not guarantee significant improvements of health outcomes of a population.

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