BIODEGRADATION OF A CHEMICALLY DISPERSED CRUDE OIL

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Cretney ◽  
R. W. Macdonald ◽  
C. S. Wong ◽  
D. R. Green ◽  
B. Whitehouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Prudhoe Bay ◽  
Indigenous Microflora

ABSTRACT The n-alkane fraction of Prudhoe Bay crude oil dispersed with Corexit 9527 disappeared rapidly from the water column directly beneath a seawater surface slick contained by an enclosure. Biodegradation appeared to be more important than nonbiological volatilization or photooxidation processes. Extracellular polysaccharides, synthesized by floc-forming bacteria, accumulated in the water column of the enclosures during n-alkane degradation. The study demonstrates the possible usefulness of Corexit 9527 in accelerating the conversion of this crude oil fraction by the indigenous microflora of coastal marine waters.

Oil-degrading capabilities of yeasts and fungi isolated from coastal marine environments

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Fedorak ◽  
K. M. Semple ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
Prudhoe Bay ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Seventy-four yeasts and 224 fungi were isolated from marine water and sediment samples taken from the Strait of Juan de Fuca and northern Puget Sound. When these isolates were grown in the presence of Prudhoe Bay crude oil, only three yeasts and 63 fungi were able to degrade some or all of the n-alkanes. None degraded the isoprenoids, pristane and phytane. Forty-seven isolates were identified as Penicillium species and of these, 39 attacked the n-alkanes in the crude oil. Twelve organisms which degrade n-alkanes were tested for their ability to mineralize [14C]naphthalene and [14C]phenanthrene which had been added to the crude oil. No 14CO2 was detected from any of the cultures containing these compounds. Capillary gas chromatographic analyses of the aromatic fractions from these 12 cultures showed no loss of hydrocarbons or sulfur hetero-cycles, indicating that they were unable to completely or partially oxidize any of the resolvable compounds in this fraction.

Effect of the dispersant Corexit 9527 on the microbial degradation of Prudhoe Bay oil

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Foght ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Aromatic Fraction ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Selective Sensitivity ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

A marine oil-degrading population grown at 8 °C showed a selective sensitivity regarding utilization of compounds in Prudhoe Bay oil in the presence of the dispersant Corexit 9527. The response was dependent on the nitrogen and phosphate levels of the medium and on the concentration of dispersant used. In the presence of a nitrogen–phosphate solution and a Corexit 9527 – crude oil substrate, degradation of the n-alkanes of the saturate fraction was temporarily retarded in proportion to the concentration of Corexit 9527 present. This retardation was overcome with extended incubation time. In the absence of nitrogen–phosphate supplementation, the effect of Corexit 9527 was pronounced, retarding n-alkane degradation even with extended incubation time. Corexit 9527 had less effect on the degradation of the aromatic fraction and may indeed be stimulatory in the case of select compounds. The development and testing of dispersants containing nitrogen and phosphate is recommended.

COMPARATIVE UPTAKE OF NAPHTHALENES FROM WATER AND OILED SEDIMENT BY BENTHIC AMPHIPODS1

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Anderson ◽  
S. L. Kiesser ◽  
J. W. Blaylock
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT The benthic amphipod, Anonyx laticoxae, was exposed to whole oil on sediments or water extracts of Prudhoe Bay crude oil under both static and flowing conditions. Time periods of exposure ranged from 4 to 27 days and, while a range of compounds was present, the only class measured in water, tissues, and sediments was naphthalenes. Compared to levels in the surrounding environment (sediment or water) tissue magnification was least during sediment exposures (2–4 times), greatest in a flowing exposure system (∼1000 times), and intermediate during static water exposure (10–50 times). During a constant exposure to 22 ppb total naphthalenes (0.506 ppm total hydrocarbons) the amphipods reached a threshold of accumulation after about seven days, and the majority of contamination was from alkylnaphthalenes. Sediment exposures demonstrated relatively low bioavailability of naphthalenes and the route of entry appeared to be via interstitial and water column contamination. It appears that release of naphthalenes from both oiled sediments and tissues is largely controlled by water solubilities of the components, but metabolic processes may supplement this activity.

scholarly journals CRUDE OIL BIOREMEDIATION BY INDIGENOUS BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM OILY SLUDGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hafizah Azizan ◽  
Kasing Ak Apun ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Micky Vincent ◽  
Hairul Azman Roslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Enrichment culture technique leads to the discovery of six presumptive TPH-degrading bacteria. Identification and characterization tests using morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques have successfully isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UMAS1PF), Serratia marcescens (UMAS2SF) and Klebsiella spp. (UMAS3KF). All strains were able to use crude oil as sole carbon and energy source for their growth since they were able to survive in Minimal Salt medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) crude oil. Growth study showed that they produced the highest cell counts on the third or fourth day by 108 – 1011 CFU/ml. Six artificial consortium inoculums have been produced from the growth study. Gas chromatography analysis showed that all isolates had the ability to degrade aliphatic hydrocarbon with 100% degradation of nC19 – C24. Among the isolates, UMAS2SF was the best and fastest n-alkane degrader with degradation percentage between 55 – 90% of n-C14 – C18 in 14 days. This was followed by UMAS1PF and UMAS3KF with 11 – 82% and 1.3% degradation, respectively. Enhancement study showed that plot with inoculum and NPK addition successfully enhanced n-alkane degradation. Plot A2:B3+NPK degraded n-alkane the fastest followed by plot treated by C+NPK, A1:B2, B+NPK and A2:B3. Result showed that UMAS1PF was the best PAHs degrader as most of the high molecular weight PAHs was degraded. In the enhancement study, the plot amended with A2:B3 showed the highest PAHs degradation, followed by plots A1:B2, A3:B1:C2 and A1:C3 that was assigned as the third, fourth and fifth best in mineralizing PAHs, respectively.

Alaskan Transportation: An Overview of Some Aspects of Transporting Alaskan Crude Oil

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Stanley Factor ◽  
Sandra J. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
The North ◽  
Prudhoe Bay ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Commercial Oil

The first commercial oil well in Alaska was drilled in 1901, but it was in 1968 that Alaska was thrust into prominence as an oil producer with the discovery of the Prudhoe Bay field, the largest oil field ever found in the United States. This paper briefly explores the transportation-related aspects of the design, construction, and operation of the pipeline and support facilities. The pipeline terminates at Port Valdez on Prince William Sound. It is from here that the second leg of the journey to the energy-hungry lower 48 states begins. A thoroughly modern and unique marine transportation system is being utilized to transport approximately 1.2 million barrels (191 000 m3) per day of Alaskan crude oil to West and Gulf Coast refineries. The Valdez Terminal, the pipeline, the North Slope supply, and vessel particulars and operations are discussed; in addition, environmental and legal problems are outlined.

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