Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Onion Bulbs Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

Vegetable fields in Katsina State are increasingly being loaded with heavy metals through various pollution sources such as agricultural activities mining and traffic. Onion bulb samples from the three senatorial zones that constitute to make up Katsina state in the North West of Nigeria were collected and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) in all the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential health hazards of heavy metals in the samples on the children and adult population. The highest mean concentration (mg/kg) was observed for Fe, followed by Pb, Zn and Mn. While Cd has the lowest concentration with the heavy metals Cr and Ni being below detection level (BDL). Overall hazard index (Hi) for the heavy metals were within the safety limit. The overall cancer risk to the adults based on pseudo-total metal concentrations exceeded the target value, mainly contributed by Pb. Mn and Zn were the primary heavy metals posing non-cancer risks while Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. It was concluded that consumption of the onion samples from Katsina State may contribute to the population cancer burden.

Download Full-text

Environmental Monitoring and Potential Health Risk Assessment from Pymetrozine Exposure among Communities in Typical Rice–Growing Areas of China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-618003/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muyesaier Tudi ◽

Huada Daniel RUAN ◽

Shuangmei Tong ◽

li wang ◽

Albert Atabila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Potential Health ◽

Dermal Contact ◽

Paddy Water ◽

Contact Exposure

Abstract Pymetrozine is one of the most common insecticides used in China. This study was conducted to analyse Pymetrozine’s potential exposures through various environmental routes beyond the treatment area. The aim was to estimate the potential health risk for communities due to non-dietary exposure to Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water. Data on registration of pesticides in China, government reports, questionnaires, interviews, literature reviews as well as toxicological health investigations were evaluated to determine the hazard and dose-response characteristics of Pymetrozine. These were based on the US EPA exposure and human health risk assessment methods using exposure from soil and paddy water samples collected between 10 to 20 meters around the resident’s location.The potential exposures from dermal contact through soil and paddy water were estimated. The potential cancer risk from the following routes was evaluated: the ingestion through soil; dermal contact exposure through soil; dermal contact exposure through paddy water; and the potential total cancer risk for residents was less than 1*10− 6. These were within the acceptable risk levels. The potential hazard quotient (HQ) from acute and lifetime exposure by dermal contact through paddy water and soil; acute and lifetime exposure by soil ingestion for residents were less than 1, indicating an acceptable risk level, thus both potential cancer risk and hazard quotient (HQ) were relatively low. Potential human health risk assessment of Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water suggested that negligible cancer risk and non-cancer risk based on ingestion and dermal contact are the main potential routes of exposure to residents.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Harmful Substances and Health Risk Assessment of Mercury and Arsenic in Cosmetic Brands in Nigeria

International Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5539/ijc.v8n1p178 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Kanayochukwu Nduka ◽

Isaac Omoche Odiba ◽

Eruemrejovwo Inspector Aghoghome ◽

Ngozi Lilian Umedum ◽

Maduabuchi Joseph Nwosu

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Department Stores ◽

Two Samples ◽

Total Cancer

Forty two different cosmetic samples consisting of 16 facial cosmetics, 6 soaps, 1 shower gel, 12 emulsions, 2 underarm cosmetics, 3 nail cosmetics and 2 perfumes were purchased from department stores and cosmetic shops within Onitsha Main Market and Eke-Awka in Anambra, Nigeria. Seven of these cosmetic (16.67%) were locally manufactured in Nigeria while thirty five (83.33%) were imported into Nigeria. The cosmetics were ashed before digestion and filtration. The filtrates were assayed for mercury and arsenic with AAS SearchTech AA320N. Hydroquinone presence was identified by chromatographic test while steroids, nitrite and N-nitrosamines were identified by colour test and together were assayed by UV-spectrophotometer (Spectrulab 21). The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential human health risk of Mercury and Arsenic in cosmeticsamples. Results showed that two (2) of the cosmetic samples contained mercury ( 0.003 + 0.000mg/kg and 0.07 + 0.00mg/kg) while three cosmetic samples contained arsenic (0.002 + 0.000, 0.002+0.000 and 0.005 +0.000 mg/kg). Hydroquinone concentration ranged from 1.14 + 0.00 – 1.83 + 0.03 mg/kg (1.14E-02 – 1.83E-02 %).Steroid was found in only two samples with concentration of 16.70 + 0.74 mg/kg and 17.63 + 0.74 while N-nitrosamines and nitrite occurred in nine and eleven samples in the range of 4.66 + 0.09 – 43.52 + 0.47 and 0.87 + 0.02 – 13.42 + 2.90 respectively. The total cancer and non-cancer risk results indicated that although the chances of cancer risk and non-cancer risk resulting from the use of these cosmetic products were unlikely, build up of these heavy metals overtime on continuous usage could be detrimental.

Download Full-text

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated on PM2.5 Fractioned Road Dust from Two Cities of Pakistan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haseeb Tufail Moryani ◽

Shuqiong Kong ◽

Jiangkun Du ◽

Jianguo Bao

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Road Dust ◽

The United States ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Potential Health ◽

Two Cities

The aim of this study is to identify and investigate levels of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 fractioned road dust to better understand the associated inhalation risk and potential health impacts. To achieve this aim, concentrations of seven traffic generated heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Sb, and Cr) were determined in the PM2.5 fraction of road dust samples from four different locations (offices, residential, hospital, and school) in two cities (Karachi and Shikarpur) of Pakistan using ICP-MS. The average concentration values of heavy metals in Karachi were as follows: 332.9 mg/kg Cu, 426.6 mg/kg Pb, 4254.4 mg/kg Zn, 62.3 mg/kg Cd, 389.7 mg/kg Ni, 70.4 mg/kg Sb, 148.1 mg/kg Cr, whereas the average concentration values of heavy metals in Shikarpur were 245.8 mg/kg Cu, 538.4 mg/kg Pb, 8351.0 mg/kg Zn, 57.6 mg/kg Cd, 131.7 mg/kg Ni, 314.5 mg/kg Sb, 346.6 mg/kg Cr. The pollution level was assessed through two pollution indices enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). These indices showed moderate to extreme level pollution in studied areas of both cities. The health risk assessment through inhalation contact was conducted according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) model for children and adults. Both non-cancerous and cancerous risks were characterised in the road dust samples for each location. As yet, there is not a single study on the concentrations of heavy metals in PM2.5 fractions of road dust in Karachi and Shikarpur, findings of this research will facilitate researchers for further investigations in current field.

Download Full-text

Quantitative Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Plants Collected from Perak, Malaysia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020731 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 731

Author(s):

Agatha Anak Sibuar ◽

Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee ◽

Jinap Selamat ◽

Mohd Razi Ismail ◽

Soo Yee Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Potential Health

Rice is one of the major crops as well as the staple food in Malaysia. However, historical mining activity has raised a concern regarding heavy metal contamination in paddy plants, especially in Perak, a state with major tin mining during the late nineteenth century. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr) contamination in paddy soils and paddy plants in three districts in Perak. The content of heavy metals was determined using ICP-MS, while the absorption and transferability of heavy metals in the paddy plants were investigated through enrichment (EF) and translocation (TF) factors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to recognize the pattern of heavy metal contaminations in different sampling areas. Health risk assessment was performed through calculation of various indices. The quantification results showed that root contained highest concentration of the studied heavy metals, with As exhibiting the highest concentration. The EF results revealed the accumulation of As, Cu, and Cr in the rice grains while PCA showed the different compositional pattern in the different sampling areas. The health risk assessment disclosed both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the local adults and children. Overall, findings from this study show that heavy metal contamination poses potential health risks to the residents and control measure is required.

Download Full-text

Potentially Toxic Elements and Health Risk Assessment in Farmland Systems around High-Concentrated Arsenic Coal Mining in Xingren, China

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/2198176 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ying-ju Li ◽

Zhi-kang Wang ◽

Fan-xin Qin ◽

Zhi-qing Fang ◽

Xin-li Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Hazard Index ◽

The United States ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Potential Health ◽

Mining Areas

The health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) via contamination of the food chain has attracted widespread concern. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of PTEs in environment and human body (fingernail, hair, and blood) of people living in agricultural soil near arsenic coal mining areas in Xingren County (Guizhou, southwest China). 89 crop samples which included vegetables, rice, maize, and coix seed and their corresponding soils and 17 local surface water and biological tissue samples (41 × 3) in near arsenic coal mining areas were collected, and the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Pb) in all the samples were determined. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were employed to explore the potential health hazards of PTEs in soils growing crops. Results showed that 4 toxic elements, Cd, Cu, As, and Cr, were found to have different degrees of contamination in soils in the studied area. The total concentration of toxic elements (As, Cr, Cu, and Pb) in fingernail, hair, and blood samples were 90.50, 69.31, and 6.90 mg·kg−1, respectively. Fingernail samples from females were more likely to show exposure to trace metals compared to males. As the age of the subject increased, the concentration of As also increased in all three biological samples. The risk assessment for the mean hazard index value from the consumption of local food crops was 14.81, indicating that consumers may experience adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects. The estimated mean total cancer risk value of was 5.3 × 10−3, which was approximately 10 to 1000 times higher than the acceptable range of 10−6–10−4, indicating serious carcinogenic risks for local people consuming crops from the area. This study provides evidence that local residents in this study area may be at a high risk of disease caused from toxic element exposure.

Download Full-text

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Water ◽

10.3390/w13050613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 613

Author(s):

Samantha Jiménez-Oyola ◽

Kenny Escobar Segovia ◽

María-Jesús García-Martínez ◽

Marcelo Ortega ◽

David Bolonio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Ecuadorian Amazon ◽

Polluted Rivers

Anthropogenic activities performed in the Ecuadorian Amazon have released potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the rivers, causing severe environmental pollution and increasing the risk of exposure to the residents of the surrounding areas. This study aims to carry out a human health risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods to estimate the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) related to multi-pathway human exposure to PTEs in polluted rivers. Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and sediment samples from rivers on the Ecuadorian Amazon were considered to assess the potential adverse human health effects. As a result, deterministic and probabilistic estimations of cancer and non-cancer risk through exposure to surface waters and sediments were above the safety limit. A sensitivity analysis identified the concentration of PTEs and the exposure duration (ED) as the two most important variables for probabilistic health risk assessment. The highest risk for receptors was related to exposure to polluted sediments through incidental ingestion and dermal contact routes. According to the deterministic estimation, the human health risk through ingestion of water was above the threshold in specific locations. This study reveals the potential health risk to which the population is exposed. This information can be used as a baseline to develop public strategies to reduce anthropogenic pollution and exposure to PTEs in Ecuadorian Amazon rivers.

Download Full-text