scholarly journals Evaluation of Harmful Substances and Health Risk Assessment of Mercury and Arsenic in Cosmetic Brands in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kanayochukwu Nduka ◽  
Isaac Omoche Odiba ◽  
Eruemrejovwo Inspector Aghoghome ◽  
Ngozi Lilian Umedum ◽  
Maduabuchi Joseph Nwosu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Cancer

Forty two different cosmetic samples consisting of 16 facial cosmetics, 6 soaps, 1 shower gel, 12 emulsions, 2 underarm cosmetics, 3 nail cosmetics and 2 perfumes were purchased from department stores and cosmetic shops within Onitsha Main Market and Eke-Awka in Anambra, Nigeria. Seven of these cosmetic (16.67%) were locally manufactured in Nigeria while thirty five (83.33%) were imported into Nigeria. The cosmetics were ashed before digestion and filtration. The filtrates were assayed for mercury and arsenic with AAS SearchTech AA320N. Hydroquinone presence was identified by chromatographic test while steroids, nitrite and N-nitrosamines were identified by colour test and together were assayed by UV-spectrophotometer (Spectrulab 21). The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential human health risk of Mercury and Arsenic in cosmeticsamples. Results showed that two (2)  of the cosmetic samples contained mercury ( 0.003 + 0.000mg/kg and 0.07 + 0.00mg/kg)  while three cosmetic samples contained arsenic (0.002 + 0.000, 0.002+0.000 and 0.005 +0.000 mg/kg). Hydroquinone concentration ranged from 1.14 + 0.00 – 1.83 + 0.03 mg/kg (1.14E-02 – 1.83E-02 %).Steroid was found in only two samples with concentration of 16.70 + 0.74 mg/kg and 17.63 + 0.74 while N-nitrosamines and nitrite occurred in nine and eleven samples in the range of 4.66 + 0.09 – 43.52 + 0.47 and 0.87 + 0.02 – 13.42 + 2.90 respectively. The total cancer and non-cancer risk results indicated that although the chances of cancer risk and non-cancer risk resulting from the use of these cosmetic products were unlikely, build up of these heavy metals overtime on continuous usage could be detrimental.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Onion Bulbs Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
A.I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
S. S. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
North West

Vegetable fields in Katsina State are increasingly being loaded with heavy metals through various pollution sources such as agricultural activities mining and traffic. Onion bulb samples from the three senatorial zones that constitute to make up Katsina state in the North West of Nigeria were collected and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) in all the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential health hazards of heavy metals in the samples on the children and adult population. The highest mean concentration (mg/kg) was observed for Fe, followed by Pb, Zn and Mn. While Cd has the lowest concentration with the heavy metals Cr and Ni being below detection level (BDL). Overall hazard index (Hi) for the heavy metals were within the safety limit. The overall cancer risk to the adults based on pseudo-total metal concentrations exceeded the target value, mainly contributed by Pb.  Mn and Zn were the primary heavy metals posing non-cancer risks while Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. It was concluded that consumption of the onion samples from Katsina State may contribute to the population cancer burden.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Samantha Jiménez-Oyola ◽  
Kenny Escobar Segovia ◽  
María-Jesús García-Martínez ◽  
Marcelo Ortega ◽  
David Bolonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Polluted Rivers

Anthropogenic activities performed in the Ecuadorian Amazon have released potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the rivers, causing severe environmental pollution and increasing the risk of exposure to the residents of the surrounding areas. This study aims to carry out a human health risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods to estimate the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) related to multi-pathway human exposure to PTEs in polluted rivers. Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and sediment samples from rivers on the Ecuadorian Amazon were considered to assess the potential adverse human health effects. As a result, deterministic and probabilistic estimations of cancer and non-cancer risk through exposure to surface waters and sediments were above the safety limit. A sensitivity analysis identified the concentration of PTEs and the exposure duration (ED) as the two most important variables for probabilistic health risk assessment. The highest risk for receptors was related to exposure to polluted sediments through incidental ingestion and dermal contact routes. According to the deterministic estimation, the human health risk through ingestion of water was above the threshold in specific locations. This study reveals the potential health risk to which the population is exposed. This information can be used as a baseline to develop public strategies to reduce anthropogenic pollution and exposure to PTEs in Ecuadorian Amazon rivers.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment for the Exposure of Workers to BTEX at the Gasoline Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao ◽  
Phan Kim Anh ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Life Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gasoline Station ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The study was conducted to assess the health risks of workers due to exposure to toxic gases including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at gasoline retail stations. In this study, data on the  concentrations of the toxic gases were collected from the previously published studies in the qualified scientific journals. The health risk assessment was followed by the process of the United States Environment Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The results show that the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were in the range of 12.40 - 357.5, 12.47 - 574.17, 2.05 - 156.5, 4.57 - 218, 2.36 - 77.04, 3.64 - 153.93 and 1.27- 27.83 µg/m3 , respectively. Life time cancer risk for gasoline station workers due to exposure to benzene, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde was calculated in the ranges of 2.13x10-5 - 6.14x10-4 , 4.96x10-7 - 3.79x10-5 , 4.81x10-6 - 2.03x10-4 , and 7.99x10-7 - 1.75x10-5 , respectively. For non-carcinogenic  compounds, the hazard index due to benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene were respectively in the range of 0.13 - 3.81, 7.97x10-4 -  0.04, 0.01 - 0.70 and 0.01 - 0.25. The findings revealed that there is high risk of cancer and non-cancer for the workers working at the gasolines stations if they are not taking good preventive measures. The calculation showed that the limit levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde should be reduced to 5.82x10-4 , 15.64, 4.13x10- 3 , 0.31, 7.57x10-4 and 1.59x10-3 mg/m3 , respectively to meet the safety levels for the workers at the gasoline stations. Keywords: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, life-time cancer risk, health

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATION BY HEAVY METALS OF FOOD PRODUCTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Lyzhina ◽  
T.N. Unguryanu ◽  
A.V. Rodimanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Hormonal System

Hygienic assessment of chemicals’ level in food products and health risk assessment of the population in Arkhangelsk region were carried out. Levels of heavy metal contamination of certain food groups do not exceed allowable hygienic standards. Non-cancer risk was high for a hormonal system (HI = 3,9), nervous (HI = 3,4) and immune (HI = 3,2) systems, skin (HI = 3,2). The priority pollutants of food products were arsenic and lead. Total cancer risk was high (CR = 1,4 × 10-3) and could be associated with fish contamination by inorganic arsenic (44,0 %).

scholarly journals Environmental Monitoring and Potential Health Risk Assessment from Pymetrozine Exposure among Communities in Typical Rice–Growing Areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyesaier Tudi ◽  
Huada Daniel RUAN ◽  
Shuangmei Tong ◽  
li wang ◽  
Albert Atabila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dermal Contact ◽  
Paddy Water ◽  
Contact Exposure

Abstract Pymetrozine is one of the most common insecticides used in China. This study was conducted to analyse Pymetrozine’s potential exposures through various environmental routes beyond the treatment area. The aim was to estimate the potential health risk for communities due to non-dietary exposure to Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water. Data on registration of pesticides in China, government reports, questionnaires, interviews, literature reviews as well as toxicological health investigations were evaluated to determine the hazard and dose-response characteristics of Pymetrozine. These were based on the US EPA exposure and human health risk assessment methods using exposure from soil and paddy water samples collected between 10 to 20 meters around the resident’s location.The potential exposures from dermal contact through soil and paddy water were estimated. The potential cancer risk from the following routes was evaluated: the ingestion through soil; dermal contact exposure through soil; dermal contact exposure through paddy water; and the potential total cancer risk for residents was less than 1*10− 6. These were within the acceptable risk levels. The potential hazard quotient (HQ) from acute and lifetime exposure by dermal contact through paddy water and soil; acute and lifetime exposure by soil ingestion for residents were less than 1, indicating an acceptable risk level, thus both potential cancer risk and hazard quotient (HQ) were relatively low. Potential human health risk assessment of Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water suggested that negligible cancer risk and non-cancer risk based on ingestion and dermal contact are the main potential routes of exposure to residents.

scholarly journals Groundwater Vulnerability potential and Health-risk assessment related to nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in Azna-Aligudarz Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-105
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drastic Method ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Background: In the Azna-Aligudarz plain, the drinking water is mainly supplied from groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite and determine the groundwater vulnerability potential and related risks in the plain to guarantee the health of consumers. Materials and Methods: The vulnerability potential of the studied plain to pollutants was investigated by the drastic method. To estimate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite, 25 water wells in the study area were sampled within 2018-2019 and analyzed by standard method. Human health risk related to groundwater in the study area was assessed using the USEPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency) index. Results: The results of the DRASTIC method demonstrated that 45% and 65% of the region has a high (southern part of the plain) and a medium vulnerability potential (northern part of the plain), respectively. According to the obtained results, nitrate in Chaqataram and Ashrafabad villages with 56 and 65 mg/liter, respectively, and nitrite in groundwater of Chamzaman, Aliabad, and Darreh Bagh villages with 3.5, 3.3, and 3.4 mg/liter, was higher than the standard of World Health Organization. According to the health risk assessment results, 83%, 8%, and 4% of children, women, and men are prone to health threats due to nitrate concentration (HQ>1). The accuracy of the vulnerability results was confirmed by calibrating the results of the health risk assessment and the results of the nitrate map. Conclusion: As e evidenced by the obtained results, improper use of nitrate chemical fertilizers and unsafe disposal of human wastewater (urban and rural) is the main cause of increased nitrate and nitrite concentrations in agricultural lands. Based on the results of the present study, the use of contaminated drinking wells is not recommended and continuous monitoring of drinking wells in the study area is essential to protect the health of consumers, especially children.

scholarly journals The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Traczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Study Results

Aims: Air quality changes with human health risk assessment were investigated. Methods: The measurement results obtained by the Regional Environmental Protection Inspectorate (REPI) in Kraków and our deposited particulate-matter (PM) analysis, as well as United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methodology of risk assessment were used in the study. Results: Annual pollutant contents kept decreasing, with the exception of O3. However, the permissible annual levels were exceeded in the cases of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. Increased contents of SO2, CO, C6H6, PM10, and PM2.5, as well as of As, Pb, Cd, Ni, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM particles during winter months indicated that house heating was the source of pollution. Due to no significant change in the monthly NO2 contents, this measurement was used as an indicator of traffic sources of pollution. In winter months, the allowable 24 h PM2.5 and PM10 contents were constantly exceeded. PM was identified as the most significant air pollutant. Enrichment factors revealed that deposited PM was enriched with heavy metals. The potential ecological risk (ERI) was determined to be very high for Cd, considerable for Zn, and low for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. The total non-carcinogenic risk indices (HQ) for both adults (HQ = 15.0) and children (HQ = 26.4) exceeded the acceptable value of 1. The total carcinogenic risk indices (CR) for both adults (CR = 1.51 × 10−4) and children (CR = 1.77 × 10−4) exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10−4. Conclusions: In the years 2005–2020, a general decreasing tendency of annual pollutant contents was observed. However, the permissible contaminant contents were still exceeded. PM2.5, BaP, PM10, and NO2 were determined as the most dangerous pollutants in inhalational pathway.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Case Study: Gaza Strip

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The Impact

Gaza Governorates are suffering from shortage problems and poor quality of groundwater that is being pumped from 281 municipal wells. According to the latest data available at the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA), the water consumption can be distributed on municipal consumption 96.428 MCM and agricultural sector consumption 95.3 MCM. The annual recharge is less than the pumping rate with more than 90 MCM; resulting in declining water level, sea water intrusion and hence high chloride concentrations. Nitrate levels are increasing due to the improper systems of wastewater disposal, excess use of fertilizers and landfill leachate. The nitrate level exceeds the WHO limit in more than 90.6 % of Gaza Governorates municipal wells for the year 2018 (223 wells from a total of 245 wells. Due to the health impacts of nitrate, health risk assessment was conducted based upon the available quality data of 245 municipal wells. The risk assessment method adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was utilized in this study. Three categories of receptors were assessed; infants, children and adults. The study revealed that the health risk values for adults is acceptable in 22 wells only while it is unacceptable in the other 223 wells. For children and small infants, the situation was riskier and the study outlined that none of the municipal wells in Gaza Governorates was suitable for drinking purposes for these two categories of people. The study recommended that actions should be taken to minimize the risk associated with drinking groundwater, looking for alternative water resources is to be seriously considered, community participation should be encouraged, people should know that their source of water is unsuitable and further studies that consider the impact of nitrate in groundwater on the public health in Gaza Strip should be performed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document