scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Status of School Children in Enugu-South L.G.A., Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
J. I. Ugwu ◽  
N. C. Ejiofor ◽  
I. E. Ezeagu ◽  
C. P. Okorie ◽  
N. E. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
School Children ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Requirement ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Enugu State

This study sought to assess the dietary intake and serum Zinc, Iron and Copper status of primary school children aged 5-13 years living in Enugu- South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study is a community-based cross-sectional study, adopting multistage random sampling techniques. Dietary intakes of the micronutrients were assessed using the 24 hours dietary recall. The micronutrient intakes of the children were evaluated using Dietary Requirement Intake as a reference. Two milliliters (2 ml) of non-fasting venous blood was taken from the children for serum micronutrient analysis. Three hundred and thirty (330) children were analyzed for serum micronutrient status; 155 (47%) were male while 175 (53%) were females, with their mean age 8 ± 1.09: The mean micronutrient intakes of the subjects were 4.98 ± 3.7, 4.53 ± 1.63, and 0.42 ± 0.20 mg/d for Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. Only the male group aged 5-9 years met 100% of the DRI for Zn while the 5-9 years females, 10-13 years males and 10-13 years female did not meet up with the DRI for Zn, Fe and Cu. The mean serum micronutrients of the total children were 63.16 ± 18.06, 62.27 ± 17.3 and 69.9 ± 14.99µg/dl for Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. Of the 330 children studied, 32%, 43% and 23% of them seem to be deficient in Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. The food intakes of the children did not supply the recommended Dietary Requirement Intake for school children. There is, therefore, an urgent need to educate the public on good eating habits and the need for diversification of diets with animal products, fruits and vegetables to ensure adequate intake of these essential micronutrients.

Effectiveness of micronutrient dietary intake and micronutrients fortifed milk to improve serum zinc concentrations of primary school children

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Tran Khanh Van ◽  
Tran Thuy Nga ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Hiep ◽  
Nguyen Song Tu ◽  
Nguyen Tran Ngoc Tu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Reconstituted Milk

Micronutrient dietary intake of primary school children was evaluated at baseline survey. Then the randomized community intervention trial with pre- and post-intervention evaluation aims to evaluate effectiveness of micronutrient dietary intake and micronutrients fortified milk to improve serum zinc concentrations of primary school children. The two common types of milk on the market are fresh milk and reconstituted milk which were used as food vehicles to fortify 21 different vitamins and minerals and given to 2 groups of school children at a dose of 2 boxes of 180 ml/day, 7 day/ week for 6 months. Each group drank one kind of milk. Control group did not drink milk during the intervention. After the end of the intervention, serum zinc concentration in the two intervention groups improved significantly compared to the baseline (p <0.01). The serum zinc concentrations were increased by 0.65±3.13 μmol/L and 0.75±3.49 μmol/L in the group of drinking micronutrient fortified fresh milk and the group of drinking micronutrients fortified reconstituted milk, respectively Zinc concentration after 6 months and difference of zinc concentration between baseline and 6 months after intervention in intervened groups were improved significantly compared to those of the control group (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Prevalence of zinc deficiency among primary school children in a poor peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folake O. Samuel ◽  
Abdulkadir A. Egal ◽  
Wilna H. Oldewage-Theron ◽  
Carin E. Napier ◽  
Christine S. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

This cross-sectional study assessed the risk of zinc deficiency in randomly selected children, aged between 7 and 11 years, living in a poor, peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa. Dietary intake of 149 respondents was evaluated by 24-hour recall and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric and biochemical indices of a subset of 113 were determined. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were computed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Anthropometric data were analysed using the World Health Organization Anthro plus version 1.0.2 statistical software. Dietary data were analysed with FoodFinder® version 3. The mean age of the children was 9.0±1.1 years. Few zinc-rich sources appeared in the diet that was predominantly plant-based. Mean dietary zinc intake was 4.6±2.2 mg/day. The mean value of serum zinc was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, with 46% of the children having values less than the 70 µg/dL cut-off. The findings indicate a high risk of zinc deficiency and suboptimal zinc status for the majority of this study population of children, possibly as a result of low consumption of food sources with high bioavailability of zinc, which invariably is a direct consequence of poverty and food insecurity.OpsommingDie doel van hierdie dwarsdeursnitstudie was die bepaling van die risiko van ’n sinktekort in ’n ewekansige steekproef van 7 tot 11 jaar-oue kinders, woonagtig in ’n arm, voorstedelike informele woonbuurt in Suid Afrika. Dieetinnames van 149 respondente is geëvalueer deur 24-uur herroep en kwantitatiewe voedselfrekwensie vraelyste. Antropometriese en biochemiese indikatore van ’n kleiner steekproef van 113 is ook bepaal. Beskrywende statistiek, analise van variansie en Pearsonkorrelasies is bepaal deur die Statistical Package for Social Sciences, uitgawe 14.0. Antropometriese data is geanaliseer deur die statistiese program, Anthro plus, uitgawe 1.0.2, van die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Dieetdata is met behulp van FoodFinder® uitgawe 3 geanaliseer. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders was 9.0±1.1 jaar. Min sinkryke voedselbronne is in die hoofsaaklik plantryke dieet waargeneem. Die gemiddelde sinkinname was 4.6±2.2 mg/dag en die gemiddelde serumsinkwaarde was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, met 46% van die kinders se waardes onder die 70 µg/dL afsnypunt. Die bevindings dui op ’n hoë risiko vir sinktekort en suboptimale sinkstatus vir die meerderheid van hierdie kinders, moontlik as gevolg van die swak inname van voedselbronne met hoë biobeskikbare sink, wat gewoonlik ’n direkte gevolg van armoede en huishoudelike voedsel insekuriteit is.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of the Oxford WebQ, a low-cost, web-based method for assessment of previous 24 h dietary intakes in large-scale prospective studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1998-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette Liu ◽  
Heather Young ◽  
Francesca L Crowe ◽  
Victoria S Benson ◽  
Elizabeth A Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the development of the Oxford WebQ, a web-based 24 h dietary assessment tool developed for repeated administration in large prospective studies; and to report the preliminary assessment of its performance for estimating nutrient intakes.DesignWe developed the Oxford WebQ by repeated testing until it was sufficiently comprehensive and easy to use. For the latest version, we compared nutrient intakes from volunteers who completed both the Oxford WebQ and an interviewer-administered 24 h dietary recall on the same day.SettingOxford, UK.SubjectsA total of 116 men and women.ResultsThe WebQ took a median of 12·5 (interquartile range: 10·8–16·3) min to self-complete and nutrient intakes were estimated automatically. By contrast, the interviewer-administered 24 h dietary recall took 30 min to complete and 30 min to code. Compared with the 24 h dietary recall, the mean Spearman's correlation for the 21 nutrients obtained from the WebQ was 0·6, with the majority between 0·5 and 0·9. The mean differences in intake were less than ±10 % for all nutrients except for carotene and vitamins B12 and D. On rare occasions a food item was reported in only one assessment method, but this was not more frequent or systematically different between the methods.ConclusionsCompared with an interviewer-based 24 h dietary recall, the WebQ captures similar food items and estimates similar nutrient intakes for a single day's dietary intake. The WebQ is self-administered and nutrients are estimated automatically, providing a low-cost method for measuring dietary intake in large-scale studies.

scholarly journals Does zinc deficiency play a role in stunting among primary school children in NE Thailand?

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind S. Gibson ◽  
Mari Skar Manger ◽  
Woravimol Krittaphol ◽  
Tippawan Pongcharoen ◽  
Sueppong Gowachirapant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Stunting in school-age years may result in a decrease in adult size, and thus reduced work capacity and adverse reproductive outcomes. We have compared the mean intakes of energy, protein and selected growth-limiting nutrients in fifty-eight stunted children and 172 non-stunted controls drawn from 567 children aged 6–13 years attending ten rural schools in NE Thailand. Control children were selected randomly after stratifying children by age in each school. Dietary data were calculated from 24-h recalls using nutrient values from Thai food composition data and chemical analysis. Inter-relationships between stunting and sociodemographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables were also examined. Biochemical variables investigated were serum albumin, zinc, ferritin, transferrin receptor and retinol, and iodine in casual urine samples. Significantly more males than females were stunted (males, n 38, 65·5 % v. females, n 20, 34·5 %; P = 0·025). Stunted males had lower mean intakes of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and zinc, and a lower mean (95 % CI) serum zinc (9·19 (8·53, 9·84) v. 9·70 (8·53, 9·29) μmol/l) than non-stunted males; no other biochemical differences were noted. Stunted males also had a lower mean arm muscle area (P = 0·015), after adjusting for age, than non-stunted males. In conclusion, the lower dietary intakes of the stunted males compared to their non-stunted counterparts may be associated with anorexia and hypogeusia induced by zinc deficiency. Hence, zinc deficiency may be a factor limiting linear growth, especially among boys in NE Thailand, but more research is needed to establish whether other factors also play a role.

scholarly journals Correlation between Serum Zinc Level and Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Non-frail and Frail Geriatric Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Rosnah Pinontoan ◽  
Savitri Sayogo ◽  
Arya Govinda Roosheroe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Frailty syndrome (FS), as a health problem in elderly, can interfere with the quality of life. Many factors play roles in its occurrence, one of which is oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), in which one of its components is zinc (Zn), is one of the endogenous antioxidants that plays a role in preventing oxidative stress. This study was aimed to know the correlation between serum zinc level (sZn) and erythrocyte SOD (eSOD) activity in non-frail and frail geriatric patients.Methods: This was cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling method conducted in the Geriatric Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, from August through September 2014, on 60 patients (30 patients for each group of non-frail and frail). Data were collected from interviews, physical measurements, and venous blood sampling.Results: Among 90% of the subjects had low Zn intake, at the same time, the mean of sZn was 8.41 ± 1.36mol/l and 93.3% of the subjects had experienced Zn deficiency. The mean of eSOD activity was 1526 ± 508U/gHb, and there was no significant difference between the groups. There were no significant correlation between sZn and eSOD activity both in the overall subject (r = -0.04; p = 0.076), as well as the non-frail group (r = -0.099; p=0.604) and frail  group (r = 0.01; p = 0.957).Conclusion: Serum zinc level did not have any significant correlation with the eSOD activity, neither on overall or both non-frail and frail groups.

scholarly journals The Contribution of School Lunch to Dietary Intake in Primary School Children in Relation to Household Income

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Arai ◽  
Hiromi Ishida ◽  
Akemi Nakanishi ◽  
Miho Nozue ◽  
Aya Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Household Income ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Primary School Children
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