scholarly journals Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Retail Kola Nuts in Ibadan Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
O. O. Akande ◽  
O. O. Kolawole ◽  
A. A. Afolabi ◽  
S. A. Okewole ◽  
L. O. Oyekunle
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Aim: This study was designed to determine Aflatoxins present in kola nuts sold in Ibadan metropolis. Study design: Kola nuts were randomly purchased from different markets in Ibadan, Oyo State. Methodology: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometric method were used for the determination of aflatoxins in the kola nuts samples. Results: All the samples collected were contaminated with aflatoxins. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 were present in the kola nuts samples ranging from 9.73 - 25.43 μg/kg and 10.90 - 29.67 μg/kg respectively. Conclusion: The levels of aflatoxins in the sampled kola nuts were mostly above recommended tolerable limits. It is imperative to enlighten stakeholders on possible ways of handling kola nuts towards reducing the aflatoxin incidences to the barest minimum in order to safeguard the health of the populace.

scholarly journals Aflatoxins in bird feed collected from various areas of Lahore city

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Alim un Nisa ◽  
SH Abidi ◽  
Qurat ul Ain Syed ◽  
A Saeed ◽  
S Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Lahore City

The objective of this study was to estimate total aflatoxin in bird feed. Total 50 birds feed samples were collected from different markets and birds shops in Lahore. Total aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 were estimated using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The daily intake of aflatoxin in bird's feed is a 300ppb threshold by FDA. Total 50 samples were examined, among them 22% were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 and B2 and the rest of 40% samples were contaminated only with aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin G1 and G2 were not detected in any feed. The results showed that 42% of samples were contaminated within the permissible limit, 20% were unfit due to having above the allowable limit, and 38% were fit, which did not show any aflatoxin. The current study has demonstrated the easy way of providing the determination of aflatoxin in bird’s feed. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(4), 249-254, 2021

scholarly journals Dihydrochalcones and Chalcones of Some Flavanone Glycosides: Qualitativeand Quantitative Determinations

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 940-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald A. B. Linke ◽  
Douglas E. Eveleigh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The chalcones and dihydrochalcones of the flavanone glycosides naringin, neohesperidin and hesperidin were separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography; a similar procedure was utilized to perform preparative TLC for purification of these compounds. A new spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of dihydrochalcones in the concentration range from 0.005 to 0.100% in aqueous or alcoholic solution is described as well as a detection method of these compounds in agar media for microbiological studies.

Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Patulin, Citrinin, and Af latoxin in Apples and Pears, and Their Juices and Jams

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Gimeno ◽  
Maria Ligia Martins
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Spray Reagents

Abstract A method is described to determine the mycotoxins patulin, citrinin, and aflatoxins in apples and pears and their juices and jams. The mycotoxins are extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 4% aqueous KG (9 +1). The extract is cleaned up with water and then acidified, and the toxins are recovered with chloroform and separated by thin layer chromatography. Toxin identity is confirmed with various developing solvents, spray reagents, and chemical reactions, and then quantitated by the limit of detection method. The minimum detectable concentrations of the mycotoxins are patulin, 120-130 μg/kg; citrinin, 30-40 μg/kg; aflatoxin B1 or G1 , 2-2.8 μg/kg; af latoxin B2 or G2,2 μg/kg.

scholarly journals Validation Thin Layer Chromatography for the Determination of Acetaminophen in Tablets and Comparison with a Pharmacopeial Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Pyka ◽  
Marika Budzisz ◽  
Małgorzata Dołowy
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Quantity Control ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Adsorption thin layer chromatography (NP-TLC) with densitometry has been established for the identification and the quantification of acetaminophen in three leading commercial products of pharmaceutical tablets coded as brand: P1 (Productno. 1), P2 (Productno. 2), and P3 (Productno. 3). Applied chromatographic conditions have separated acetaminophen from its related substances, namely, 4-aminophenol and and 4′-chloroacetanilide. UV densitometry was performed in absorbance mode at 248 nm. The presented method was validated by specificity, range, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitative limit, and robustness. The TLC-densitometric method was also compared with a pharmacopeial UV-spectrophotometric method for the assay of acetaminophen, and the results confirmed statistically that the NP-TLC-densitometric method can be used as a substitute method. It could be said that the validated NP-TLC-densitometric method is suitable for the routine analysis of acetaminophen in quantity control laboratories.

Extraction and Thin Layer Chromatography of Aflatoxin Bi in Mixed Feeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
Gail M Shannon ◽  
Odette L Shotwell ◽  
William F Kwolek
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Commercial Turkey ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A method was developed for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in commercially prepared feeds. The method incorporates methylene chloride and citric acid solution extraction, cleanup on a small silica gel column, and thin layer chromatography for quantitation. Commercial turkey starter, catfish chow, medicated pig starter, broiler finisher, rabbit chow, horse feed, rat chow, and dog chow were investigated. The feeds were spiked with naturally contaminated corn at 4 different levels of aflatoxin B1 (16-130 μg/kg). Three assays were run on each of the 32 combinations of feed and levels of aflatoxin. Mean recoveries were 85.9-92.8% at levels of 16.5,32.9,65.8, and 131.6 μg/kg. The relative standard deviation per assay was 18.6%. This method is more rapid and less involved than most previously published methods for mixed feeds.

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