scholarly journals Effect of Germination Period on Some Functional and Engineering Properties of Sorghum Flour

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
G. O. Ogunlakin ◽  
E. H. Onibokun ◽  
B. Fashogbon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Two Samples

Sorghum (red and white) were germinated for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h to determine the effect of germination on some functional and engineering properties of sorghum flour. The bulk density results for the red and white germinated sorghum are 0.620-0.673 g/cm3 and 0.477-0.620 g/cm3, respectively. Water absorption capacity values for the two samples are 116.630-125.970% and 81.643-98.293% while the oil absorption capacity ranged from 62.917 to 85.750% and 44.933 to 61.980%, respectively for the two samples. The dispersibility test for the two samples gave 85.67-87.33% and 83.00-84.67%. The swelling power at 55 °C are 2.54-2.67 and 2.70-3.26, at 75 °C, 3.62-4.68 and 3.85-4.56, and at 90 °C, 2.98-4.79 and 6.29-7.23, respectively for the two samples. For the engineering properties, the specific heat capacity ranged from 0.14 to 0.45 kJ/kg K and 0.12 to 0.14 kJ/kg K, thermal conductivity, from 0.55 to 1.67 W/mK and 1.01 to 1.24 W/mK and thermal diffusivity from 0.13 to 0.82 m2/s and 0.11 to 0.12 m2/s, respectively for red and white germinated sorghum flours. It can be concluded from this study that increased the values of bulk density, WAC, OAC, and dispersibility test of the two samples with the increase in germination period with the optimum germination period of 72 h. Engineering properties results indicated that germination had a beneficial effect on the thermal conductivity of the germinated red sorghum and the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the white germinated sorghum with 96 h having the best result for both samples.

scholarly journals Thermal Properties of New Developed Nigerian Illa and Ekpoma Rice Flour Varieties as Effected with Moisture Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-471
Author(s):  
Ide PATRICK EJIKE ◽  
Ikoko OMENAOGOR
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Thermal Parameters

Thermal parameters of food flour moisture content and temperature give an insight in the development and prediction of models that meet the needs of process design models, it also determine the thermal load of a particular product during handling. The bulk density (ρ), thermal conductivity (k), specific-heat capacity (Cp) and diffusivity (α) of Illa and Ekpoma rice flour were studied at varied (MC) moisture content (%) level. The results showed significance in thermal properties values at the different MC levels. The MC increased from 10.56 to 18.50%, increased the specific heat capacity (Cp) from 5.72 to 48.61kJ kg-1 °C-1 and 6.84 to 29.41 kJ kg-1 °C-1 for Illa and Ekpoma rice variety respectively and thermal conductivity(k) from 0.03 to 1.56 W/m0C and 0.03 to 0.38 W m-1 °C-1 for Illa and Ekpoma rice flour samples. Thermal diffusivity(α) and bulk density (ρ) of the processed Illa and Ekpoma rice flour samples decreased across the MC range of 10.56 to 18.50% (d.b). Thermal diffusivity(α) decreased from 4.38 to 1.25 x 10-4 m2 s-1 and 3.42 to 1.30 x 10-4 m2 s-1 for Illa and Ekpoma rice flour respectively while the values of bulk density (ρ) decreased from 697.72 to 676.34 kg m-3 and 687.49 to 664.26 kg m-3 for Illa and Ekpoma rice flour respectively.The developed model equations can be applied in estimation of thermal parameters of rice flour. Finally, Ekpoma and Illa rice flour sample displayed good thermal characteristics and it can be used as an alternative to imported wheat flour.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THERMAL STORAGE CAPACITIES OF SOME SELECTED MATERIALS FOR SOLAR DRYING APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Umar Hassan ◽  
Adeleke Waliyi Adekola ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed ◽  
Adamu Muhammad Auwal ◽  
Sanusi Abdulganiyu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
British Standard

This work aimed at evaluating the thermal storage capacities of granite grits, laterite rock, sand, laterite, and Clay for solar drying applications. The sample materials were ground and sieved through 0.425mm British Standard sieve. The thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, bulk density and melting point of the materials were determined. The results showed that Clay displayed better potentiality as thermal storage material with the highest thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of 2.16 W/m oC and 1.398 kJ/kg K respectively. Laterite was observed to be the least with 1.07 W/moC, and 0.499 kJ/kg K respectively. The Sand was observed to have higher bulk density compared with other sample materials while Laterite exhibited the lowest. The analysis of the result indicates that clay could be used as material for thermal energy storage facility in solar drying applications.

scholarly journals Influence of alkaline modification on selected properties of banana fiber paperbricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi A. Akinwande ◽  
Adeolu A. Adediran ◽  
Oluwatosin A. Balogun ◽  
Oluwaseyi S. Olusoju ◽  
Olanrewaju S. Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Banana Fibers ◽  
Alkaline Modification

AbstractIn a bid to develop paper bricks as alternative masonry units, unmodified banana fibers (UMBF) and alkaline (1 Molar aqueous sodium hydroxide) modified banana fibers (AMBF), fine sand, and ordinary Portland cement were blended with waste paper pulp. The fibers were introduced in varying proportions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 wt% (by weight of the pulp) and curing was done for 28 and 56 days. Properties such as water and moisture absorption, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity were appraised. The outcome of the examinations carried out revealed that water absorption rose with fiber loading while AMBF reinforced samples absorbed lesser water volume than UMBF reinforced samples; a feat occasioned by alkaline treatment of banana fiber. Moisture absorption increased with paper bricks doped with UMBF, while in the case of AMBF-paper bricks, property value was noted to depreciate with increment in AMBF proportion. Fiber loading resulted in improvement of compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths and it was noted that AMBF reinforced samples performed better. The result of the thermal test showed that incorporation of UMBF led to depreciation in thermal conductivity while AMBF infusion in the bricks initiated increment in value. Opposite behaviour was observed for specific heat capacity as UMBF enhanced heat capacity while AMBF led to depreciation. Experimental trend analysis carried out indicates that curing length and alkaline modification of fiber were effective in maximizing the properties of paperbricks for masonry construction.

The Key Factors of Low-Frequency Electric Heating Assisted Depressurization Method in the Exploiting of Methane Hydrate Sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermeng Zhao ◽  
Jian Hou ◽  
Yunkai Ji ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Yongge Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrate Decomposition ◽  
Hydrate Saturation ◽  
Production Behavior

Abstract Natural gas hydrate is widely distributed in the permafrost and marine deposits, and is regarded as an energy resource with great potential. The low-frequency electric heating assisted depressurization (LF-EHAD) has been proven to be an efficient method for exploiting hydrate sediments, which involves complex multi-physics processes, i.e. current conduction, multiphase flow, chemical reaction and heat transfer. The physical properties vary greatly in different hydrate sediments, which may profoundly affect the hydrate decomposition in the LF-EHAD process. In order to evaluate the influence of hydrate-bearing sediment properties on the gas production behavior and energy utilization efficiency of the LF-EHAD method, a geological model was first established based on the data of hydrate sediments in the Shenhu Area. Then, the influence of permeability, porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, hydrate saturation and hydrate-bearing layer (HBL) thickness on gas production behavior is comprehensively analyzed by numerical simulation method. Finally, the energy efficiency ratio under different sediment properties is compared. Results indicate that higher gas production is obtained in the high-permeability hydrate sediments during depressurization. However, after the electric heating is implemented, the gas production first increases and then tends to be insensitive as the permeability decreases. With the increasing of porosity, the gas production during depressurization decreases due to the low effective permeability; while in the electric heating stage, this effect is reversed. High thermal conductivity is beneficial to enhance the heat conduction, thus promoting the hydrate decomposition. During depressurization, the gas production is enhanced with the increase of specific heat capacity. However, more heat is consumed to increase the reservoir temperature during electric heating, thereby reducing the gas production. High hydrate saturation is not conducive to depressurization because of the low effective permeability. After electric heating, the gas production increases significantly. High HBL thickness results in a higher gas production during depressurization, while in the electric heating stage, the gas production first increases and then remains unchanged with the increase of thickness, due to the limited heat supply. The comparison results of energy efficiency suggest that electric heating is more advantageous for hydrate sediments with low permeability, high porosity, high thermal conductivity, low specific heat capacity, high hydrate saturation and high HBL thickness. The findings in this work can provide a useful reference for evaluating the application of the LF-EHAD method in gas hydrate sediments.

Determination of the Thermal Properties of a PCB by Coupled Numerical and Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yener Usul ◽  
Mustafa Özçatalbaş
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity

Abstract Increasing demand for usage of electronics intensely in narrow enclosures necessitates accurate thermal analyses to be performed. Conduction based FEM (Finite Element Method) is a common and practical way to examine the thermal behavior of an electronic system. First step to perform a numerical analysis for any system is to set up the correct analysis model. In this paper, a method for obtaining the coefficient of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of a PCB which has generally a complex composite layup structure composed of conductive layers, and dielectric layers. In the study, above mentioned properties are obtained performing a simple nondestructive experiment and a numerical analysis. In the method, a small portion of PCB is sandwiched from one side at certain pressure by jaws. A couple of linear temperature profiles are applied to the jaws successively. Unknown values are tuned in the analysis model until the results of FEM analysis and experiment match. The values for the coefficient of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity which the experiment and numerical analysis results match can be said to be the actual values. From this point on, the PCB whose thermal properties are determined can be analyzed numerically for any desired geometry and boundary condition.

scholarly journals Comparative study of thermal transport in Zea mays straw and Zea mays heartwood (cork) boards

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Etuk ◽  
Louis Akpabio ◽  
Ita Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Thermal Absorptivity

Thermal conductivity values at the temperature of 301-303K have been measured for Zea mays straw board as well as Zea mays heartwood (cork) board. Comparative study of the thermal conductivity values of the boards reveal that Zea mays heartwood board has a lower thermal conductivity value to that of the straw board. The study also shows that the straw board is denser than the heartwood board. Specific heat capacity value is less in value for the heartwood board than the straw board. These parameters also affect the thermal diffusivity as well as thermal absorptivity values for the two types of boards. The result favours the two boards as thermal insulators for thermal envelop but with heartwood board as a preferred insulation material than the straw board.

scholarly journals Coupling characteristics of meso-structure and thermophysical parameters of deep granite under high geo-temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 4621-4629
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Shuang You ◽  
Hong-Guang Ji ◽  
Hui-Ci Xu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Thermophysical Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coupling Characteristics ◽  
Granite Samples

Polarizing microscope, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal constant analyzer were used to test the granite samples in the depth of 1500-2000 m in San?shandao before and after the heat treatment and be carried out to study the cor?responding relationship between rock meso-structure characteristics and different geothermal temperature circumstances, and the influence of thermal cycling on rock meso-structure. Tests results present that the porosity, pore size distribution, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are significantly affected by the environment where the rock occurs, mineral composition and particle size, and the increase in porosity and water content will cause the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity to decrease.

scholarly journals Mechanisms behind the enhancement of thermal properties of graphene nanofluids

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 15402-15409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Rodríguez-Laguna ◽  
A. Castro-Alvarez ◽  
M. Sledzinska ◽  
J. Maire ◽  
F. Costanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity

While the dispersion of nanomaterials is known to be effective in enhancing the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of fluids, the mechanisms behind this enhancement remain to be elucidated.

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