scholarly journals Early Outcome of Cold Knife Ablation and Diathermy Fulguration of Posterior Urethral Valve; A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jiaul Reza ◽  
Ipsita Biswas ◽  
Sabbir Karim ◽  
Rashedul Alam ◽  
Abdullah-Al- Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Urethral Valve ◽  
Early Outcome ◽  
Stricture Urethra ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Urethral Valve ◽  
Cold Knife ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foley’S Catheter ◽  
Group B

Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common obstructive anomaly of the urethra. Urethral valves have a wide range of clinical and anatomical presentations and today most patients are diagnosed in the prenatal or early neonatal period. Cold knife and diathermy fulguration are two of the technique of PUV ablation. Objective: To find out early outcome of posterior urethral valve ablation between cold knife and diathermy fulguration. Methodology: This prospective comparative interventional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric surgery in Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH), Dhaka. 54 patients with PUV, admitted for valve ablation during study period were included in this study. Patients were divided in to two group. Among them, 27 were in Group-A, whose PUV ablation were done by cold knife and 27 were in Group-B whose PUV ablation were done by diathermy fulguration. Successful ablation was confirmed under endoscopic vision as well as with the demonstration of good stream following supra pubic compression, at the end of the procedure. All patients were kept with 72 hours of urethral catheterization (All silicon self retaining Foley’s catheter according to body texture ) .Post PUV ablation pt. were given discharged with prophylactic antibiotics on 4th POD. Results: The mean age was found 18.37±16.13 months in cold knife ablation group and 12.70±11.03 months in diathermy fulguration group. Significant number (06/22.2%) of cases were associated with residual valve in diathermy fulguration group and non signicant number (301/3.7%) cases in cold knife ablation group . Significant number (04/14.8%) of cases were associated with post PUV ablation stricture urethra also in diathermy fulguration group and no stricture was found in cold knife ablation group . Significant hematuria. was present in 2(7.4%) in cold knife ablation group and 1(3.7%) in diathermy fulguration group. Conclusion: This study concludes that use of cold knife in case of ablation of PUV causes less post ablation obstruction (residual valve and stricture urethra) than using diathermy fulguration and can be regarded a safe and better option for PUV treatment.

The responses of single units of the inferior colliculus of the cat to acoustic stimulation

1959 ◽  
Vol 150 (940) ◽  
pp. 336-355 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
Two Sides

Discharges of single units of the inferior colliculus in response to acoustic stimulation have been studied in anaesthetized and decerebrate cats by means of extracellularly placed electrodes. A tonal stimulus may cause a unit to discharge either with a short burst of spikes or with a slowly adapting train of spikes. For each unit there is a ‘characteristic frequency’ at which the threshold is lowest, with rising thresholds for frequencies on either side. In response to tonal stimuli presented to one ear, some units (classed as Group A units) may respond over a relatively wide range of the audible spectrum, while other units (classed as Group B units) are only activated by tonal frequencies within a narrow band of the spectrum. Some Group B units, however, may be activated by two separate bands of frequencies at different parts of the spectrum; this occurs even though the unit can only be activated by stimuli delivered to one ear. An increase in the intensity of the stimulus causes an increase in the rate of firing of the unit, and also a broadening in the range of tonal frequencies which can activate the unit. This takes place to a greater extent for Group A units than for Group B units. Masking of the unitary responses to clicks by different tonal backgrounds was examined. A click response may be abolished by a particular tonal frequency: on either side of this frequency the characteristics of the responses (i. e. the mean latency and number of spikes per discharge) are altered. This may take place over a large or small range of the audible spectrum. Tonal stimuli delivered to either ear may activate the same unit. In such cases, the unit may have two ‘characteristic frequencies’, but these lie close to one another. The range of tonal frequencies which activates the unit, however, differs for the two sides. Click stimulation alone presented to either ear may activate the same unit. When click stimuli are delivered in succession to the two ears, there is revealed an absolutely unresponsive period during which the second stimulus cannot evoke a detectable response. The duration of this unresponsive period is dependent upon which ear is stimulated first, and is not the same for the two sides. For most units, the absolutely unresponsive period was longer when the contralateral ear was stimulated first. With progressive increase in the interval between the two stimuli there is a relatively unresponsive period during which the characteristics of the responses are altered, until finally a constant response to the second stimulus is obtained. If the two stimuli are separated by short intervals, summation of the two responses may take place. When the sound source is moved in a semicircular horizontal plane in front of the head, and click stimuli are delivered at every 15°, an asymmetrical distribution with respect to the latency is revealed. For those units which are activated by click stimuli delivered to either ear, a progressive and linear change in the mean latency of the response occurs as the source is moved from one ear to the opposite ear. When the sound source is placed at the midline, however, there is a deviation from the linear relationship and the mean latency is significantly decreased. This decrease does not occur for responses from units activated by stimuli presented to one ear alone. The significance of these findings is discussed, particularly in relation to central mechanisms for the localization of sound in space.

scholarly journals TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 952-958
Author(s):  
Shakila Yasmin ◽  
Rukhsana Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
Mehak Fatima
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Second Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foley’S Catheter ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To compare efficacy of extra-amniotic Foley’s catheter balloon aloneversus combined use of Foley’s catheter balloon and extra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandinF2-alpha in therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy. Study Design: Randomizedcontrolled trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital,Bahawalpur. Period: Two years. July 2014 to June 2016. Sample Technique: Non-probability,consecutive sampling technique. Patients & Methods: A total of 256 patients, 16 to 38 years ofage with fetal death or missed abortion on ultrasonography in 2nd trimester (14-24 gestationalweeks) of pregnancy were included in the study. Patients with previous uterine surgery, multiplepregnancies and parity>3 were excluded. Then selected patients were placed randomly intotwo groups i.e. Group A (extra-amniotic Foley’s catheter balloon alone) & Group B (Foley’scatheter balloon along with extra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2-alpha), by using lotterymethod. Outcome variables like efficacy i.e. expulsion of fetus within 24 hours of induction, werenoted. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 24.51 ± 4.77 and in group B was 24.29± 4.48 years. The mean gestational age in group A was 21.65 ± 2.01 weeks and in group Bwas 21.28 ± 1.93 weeks. Efficacy was 103 (80.47%) in group A (extra-amniotic Foley’s catheterballoon alone) and 119 (92.97%) in group B (combined use of Foley’s catheter balloon andextra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2-alpha) with p-value of 0.003. Conclusion: Thisstudy concluded that combined use of Foley’s catheter balloon and extra-amniotic instillationof prostaglandin F2-alpha is better and more efficacious than extra-amniotic Foley’s catheterballoon alone in therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy.

scholarly journals Intra-cervical foley’s catheter or PGE2 gel for induction of labour: which one is better: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushpreet Kaur ◽  
Balwinder Kaur ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foley’S Catheter ◽  
Group B

Background: Labour is clinically defined as the initiation and perpetuation of uterine contraction with goal of producing progressive cervical effacement and dilatation. The Foley’s catheter is an effective alternative to prostaglandins for cervical ripening/labour induction. Study was done to compare the efficacy of intracervical Foley’s catheter and PGE2 gel as a cervical ripening agent and to study maternal and fetal outcome in terms of mode of delivery and Apgar score.Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Government Medical College, Patiala. 200 women with indication for induction of labour were enrolled in the study to investigate the efficacy and fetomaternal outcome of induction of labour with intracervical Foley’s catheter comparing with PGE2 gel.Results: The mean age in group A was 24.41±3.37 and in group B was 24.24±3.17 years. The 95% women were induced successfully in group A and 97% were successfully induced in group B. Preeclampsia and postdatism were the most common indications for induction in both groups. The mean induction delivery interval in group A was 15.20±4.53 hours and in group B was 15.86±4.79 hours. 4.21% cases required NICU admission in group A while in group B, it was 5.15% cases.Conclusions: Our study concludes that there is no difference in efficacy between intracervical Foley’s catheter and intracervical PGE2 gel for induction of labour and both methods are complementary to each other.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

Evaluating of oral and salivary conditions of two specific groups of workers

RSBO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pizzatto ◽  
Nicolae Carvalho de Paula ◽  
Carolina Dea Bruzamolin ◽  
Paulo H. Tomazinho ◽  
Luciane Variani Pizzatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Introduction and Objective: Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic oral diseases found in industrial countries and is a multifactorial disease which has sugar as a key dietary factor. The amount of saliva concentration and presence of cariogenic bacteria will favor the development of caries. Because of this, the aim of this study was to collect and analyze data on oral alterations referred to tooth decay, oral pH changes, and changes of the oral microbiota in two distinct groups of workers. Material and methods: 30 individuals belonging to two different groups of workers: group A (GA) – workers who maintain daily contact with the confectionery; group B (GB) – workers who do not have such contact. Saliva collection was done by analysis of the salivary pH in both groups, as well as cultivation of Lactobacillus spp and S. mutans. We also evaluate the dental status of individuals belonging to the two groups through the DMFT index. Results: After the examinations of 30 workers (17 from the GA [9 men and 8 women] and 13 in the GB [7 men and 6 women]), the mean DMFT of the individuals in the group A and group B, was 7.41 (SD 5.14) 7.08 (SD 5.56), respectively, without statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between presence of dental caries and the fact that workers are in contact with sugar because they work on candy food industry, but new studies are needed for more precise research.

scholarly journals Intermittent Self Dilation – An Option For The Prevention of Urethral Stricture Recurrence After Filliform Follower Urethral Dilation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
N M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Foley’S Catheter ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stricture Recurrence ◽  
Urethral Dilation ◽  
Lower Urinary

Background: Urethral stricture and its recurrence is still a major problem in male. Several procedures are present for the treatment of the disease. Lapides introduced the concept of intermittent self dilatation (ISD) which has decreased the incidence of recurrence of urethral stricture if doing properly. The aim of the this study was to report the outcomes of ISD for the treatment of urethral stricture after Filliform follower urethral dilatation (FFUD).Method: This was a prospective comparative study, conducted in the department of surgery, urology unit from March 2013 to February 2016. Total of 49 patients were enrolled and were randomly divided into Group A and Group B. In Group A, all the patients were taught ISD with Nelaton Catheter after FFUD. In group B, all patients underwent only FFUD for urethral stricture. In both groups, Foley's catheter was removed after 2 weeks of FFUD. These patients who had difficulty In passing urine or having lower urinary tract syndrome after removal of catheter, were evaluated for urethral stricture recurrency by clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, urine test for culture and sensitivity, cystoscopy/urethrogram as necessarily.Result: In Group A, 4 patients out of 20(20%)developed urethral stricture recurrency where as in Group B,18 patients out of 23 (78.26%) developed urethral stricture recurrency. Therefore, the rate of urethral stricture recurrence is significantly more in group B than the Group A (p< 0.001).Conclusion: ISD is an effective way for the prevention of urethtral stricture recurrence after FFUD. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 38-40

scholarly journals Comparative study between fascia lata and temporalis fascia in myringoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ali Abdel Fattah ◽  
Abdel Hay Rashad Elasy ◽  
Ahmed Helmy Hoseini ◽  
Tarek Abdel Rahman Abdel Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fascia Lata ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temporalis Fascia ◽  
Fascia Graft ◽  
Fascia Lata Graft ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Repair of a perforated tympanic membrane (myringoplasty) can facilitate normal middle ear function, resist infection, and help re-establish normal hearing. Autogenous graft materials are the most popular graft materials used in myringoplasty because of their easy acceptability by the body. This study is conducted to compare between temporalis fascia graft and fascia lata graft in myringoplasty for patients with tubo-tympanic dry perforation. Results A total of 60 patients with persistent dry tympanic membrane perforation were included in our study during the period from January 2018 to May 2020. Patients underwent myringoplasty with temporalis fascia (30 patients as group A) or fascia lata (30 patients as group B). Patients were scheduled for follow-up visits concerning graft status, ear discharge, and audiograms. The mean postoperative air-bone gap in group A was 17.5 ± 4 after 1 month and 8.6 ± 6.9 after 3 months, while in group B, the mean postoperative air-bone gap was 17.6 ± 4.9 after 1 month and 9.4 ± 7.5 after 3 months. There was 90% success in graft uptake in group A, while there was 80% success in group B. Conclusion Using temporalis fascia is still the best and most trustworthy technique of myringoplasty compared to fascia lata graft. However, fascia lata can be a good alternative to temporalis fascia especially in cases of revision myringoplasty, ears having large perforation, or near-total perforation where the chances of residual perforation are high because of the limited margin of remnant tympanic membrane overlapping the graft.

scholarly journals Home physiotherapy with vs. without supervision of physiotherapist for assessing manipulation under anaesthesia after total knee arthroplasty

Arthroplasty ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Bhalchandra Londhe ◽  
Ravi Vinod Shah ◽  
Amit Pankaj Doshi ◽  
Shubhankar Sanjay Londhe ◽  
Kavita Subhedar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Forgotten Joint Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
Manipulation Under Anaesthesia ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Abstract The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare home physiotherapy with or without supervision of physiotherapist for assessing manipulation under anaesthesia after total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 900 patients (including 810 females and 90 males) who had undergone total knee arthroplasty were divided into group A (n = 300) and group B (n = 600). Patients in group A had home physiotherapy on their own after discharge from hospital. The physiotherapist did not visit them at home. Patients in group B received home physiotherapy under supervision of physiotherapist for 6 weeks after discharge from hospital. Patients’ age, range of motion of the knee, and forgotten joint score-12 were assessed. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In group A, the mean age was 69.1 ± 14.3 years (range: 58 to 82 years); in group B, the mean age was 66.5 ± 15.7 years (range: 56 to 83 years) (p > 0.05). Preoperatively, the mean range of motion of the knee in group A and B was 95.8° ± 18.1° and 95.4° ± 17.8°, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean forgotten joint score-12 of group A and B were 11.90 ± 11.3 and 11.72 ± 12.1 (p > 0.05), respectively. Six weeks after total knee arthroplasty, the mean ROM of the knee in group A and B was 109.7° ± 22.3° and 121° ± 21.5°, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean postoperative forgotten joint score-12 of the group A and B was 24.5 ± 16.4 and 25.6 ± 17.4, respectively (p > 0.05). The rate of manipulation under anaesthesia was 3% in group A and 0.2% in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusion After total knee arthroplasty, frequent physiotherapist’s instruction helps the patients improve knee exercises and therefore decrease the risk of revision surgery. The home physiotherapy under supervision of physiotherapist lowers the rate of manipulation under anaesthesia. Level of evidence Therapeutic study, Level IIa.

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