Evaluation of the Organ Microscopy, Chemical Composition and Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Methanolic Leaf Extract and Fractions of Diaphananthe bidens

Aim: The study aims to investigate high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC)-based chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic leaf extract and fractions of D. bidens. Study Design: The study is a laboratory-based research involving collection, identification and preparation, of plants, extraction, characterization and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of D. bidens. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria between January 2016 and June 2019. Methodology: Powdered leaves of D. bidens was macerated in methanol and the obtained crude extract was fractionated using n-hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water respectively. The acute toxicity profile of the extract was determined. Spectroscopic factors of the plant were assayed using HPLC-DAD and the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract and its fractions were evaluated. Results: Acute toxicity study showed that the crude extract has an LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of compounds including apigenin monoglycoside, quercetin 3-O-(6''O-acetyl) galactopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-(6" O-malonyl) glucoside, genistein 8-C-glucoside, while anti-inflammatory study showed that the extract and fractions inhibited cellular activities of inflammatory mediators (86 – 97 %) in comparison with the diclofenac (53 %); thus, supporting its ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of inflammation. Conclusions: Methanolic extract of D. bidens has wide margin of safety. It has sufficient deposit of flavonoids which might be responsible for its strong anti-inflammatory activity that is comparable with diclofenac.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tetrastigma Sulcatum Leaf Extract, Pure Compound and Its Derivatives

10.21203/rs.3.rs-518037/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ravindra Jagannath Waghole ◽

Ashwini Vivek Misar ◽

Neha Shashikant Kulkarni ◽

Feroz Khan ◽

Dattatraya Gopal Naik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

No Production ◽

Pure Compound ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The severity and perseverance of the inflammation have been demonstrated in many health conditions. The limitations of existing medications, propose the need for newer alternative anti-inflammatory medications. In our earlier studies, we demonstrated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of crude ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma sulcatum leaves and its fractions. In the present study, we further explored anti-inflammatory activity of T. sulcatum extract, fractions, pure compound and its derivatives using in vitro and in vivo bioassay techniques. We attempted to isolate a pure compound from leaf extract and was identified as Friedelan-3β-ol (CI) and its derivatives Friedelinol acetate (C II) and Friedelinol methyl ether (C III) were synthesized. Treatment with crude extract and its fractions demonstrated a significant reduction in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Likewise, compounds CI, CII and CIII showed a similar pattern of significant inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and NO production. In vivo study in Carrageenan induced paw-inflammatory mice model demonstrated reduced paw oedema and proinflammatory cytokines levels in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment of extract, its fractions, pure compound (CI), and their derivatives (CII and CIII.). The docking study showed all the compounds (CI, CII and CIII) share common residues with Dexamethasone. TNF- α exhibited the most interacting residues with the compounds. The present study confirmed the T. sulcatum ’s anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting Friedelan-3β-ol as an active component in a crude extract.

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Chemical Composition and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Algerian Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200435 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wafae Abdelli ◽

Fouad Bahri ◽

Abderrahmane Romane ◽

Martina Höferl ◽

Juergen Wanner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Total Oil

This work aims to elucidate the chemical composition of two essential oil (EO) samples obtained from the leaves of Thymus vulgaris L. ( Lamiaceae) collected in two regions of Northwestern Algeria (Tlemcen and Mostaganem) and to assess their in vivo acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. Sixty-six compounds could be identified by means of simultaneous GC-FID and GC-MS, accounting for 99.3% of total thyme oil of Mostaganem (EO.TM) and 99.0% of Tlemcen (EO.TT). In both samples, thymol was the major component, amounting to 59.5% (EO.TM) and 67.3% (EO.TT) of the total oil. EO.TT proved to be acutely toxic to mice at a dose of 4500 mg/kg p.o., whereas EO.TM did not show signs of acute toxicity, even at the highest dose tested (5000 mg/kg p.o.). Both EO samples were proven to possess anti-inflammatory activities, significantly reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (after 6 hours at a dose of 400 mg/kg p.o) at 58.4% for EO.TT and 50.4% for EO.TM, respectively. In conclusion, it could be demonstrated that EOs of T. vulgaris exhibit a considerable in vivo anti-inflammatory activity at non-toxic doses.

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Anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract and fractions of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg (Burseraceae)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 129-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. Noguera ◽

E. Dı́az ◽

M.V. Garcı́a ◽

A.San Feliciano ◽

J.L. López-Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Bursera Simaruba ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Sub-Acute Toxicity of Artemetin1

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2006-960879 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 56 (01) ◽

pp. 36-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Jayme Sertié ◽

Aulus Basile ◽

Sylvio Panizza ◽

Amabile Matida ◽

Raymond Zelnik

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Pharmacological Assay ofCordia verbenacea; Part 1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity of the Crude Extract of the Leaves

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2006-962318 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 54 (01) ◽

pp. 7-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jayme Sertié ◽

Aulus Basile ◽

Sylvio Panizza ◽

Amabile Matida ◽

Raymond Zelnik

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Populus deltoides Leaf Extract via Modulating NF-κB and p38/JNK Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123746 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3746 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ye Jeong ◽

Mi-Young Lee

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

No Production ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Populus deltoides, known as eastern cottonwood, has been commonly used as a medicinal plant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of P. deltoides leaf extract (PLE). PLE effectively inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but not that of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2. Proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were also reduced by the extract. PLE inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of Kappa Bα (IκBα), and blunted LPS-triggered enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, PLE effectively decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Taken together, these results suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of P. deltoides leaf extract might be driven by iNOS and NO inhibition mediated by modulation of the NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathways.

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