Pharmacological Assay ofCordia verbenacea; Part 1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity of the Crude Extract of the Leaves

Solidago chilensis Meyen (Compositae) is a species native to South America (Brazil) popularly known as arnica. In Brazilian popular medicine, inflorescences and rhizomes of this plant have been used since the end of the 19th century to replace the exogenous and hepatotoxic Arnica montana L. in the treatment of edema and inflammatory pathologies. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of S. chilensis is evidenced in the literature, there is a lack of studies with enriched fractions or compounds isolated from it. The objective of the current study was to characterize phytochemically and to evaluate the pharmacological action in vivo and in vitro of the crude extract and the different fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, acetal, butanolic, and aqueous) isolated from the inflorescence of S. chilensis. The inflorescence crude extract (ScIE) and fractions were administered by intraperitoneal route to mice at different doses. In an LPS-induced pleurisy model, inhibition of leukocyte influx was observed for the ScIE and all fractions tested, as compared to controls. Dichloromethane (ScDicF), butanolic (ScButF), and aqueous (ScAquF) were selected for further analysis as they showed the best inhibitory effects in leukocyte migration and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production: TNF-α, CXCL1/KC, CXCL2/MIP-2, and CCL11/eotaxin-1. In LPS-stimulated J774A.1 cell line, ScIE and the ScDicF exhibited an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and downmodulated the COX-2 expression; ScAquF failed to modulate NO production and COX-2 expression. In phytochemical analysis, HPLC-UV-DAD chromatograms of ScDicF and ScAquF showed the main peaks with UV spectrum characteristics of flavonoids; chlorogenic acid and isoquercetin were the most present phytochemicals identified in the ScAquF, and a high number of n-alkanes was found in ScHexF. Our study was the first to address biological effects and correlate them to phytochemically characterized fractions from inflorescences of S. chilensis.

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Anti-inflammatory activity and identification of the Verbena litoralis Kunth crude extract constituents

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s2175-97902019000417419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel de Lima ◽

Juliana Calil Brondani ◽

Rafaela Castro Dornelles ◽

Cibele Lima Lhamas ◽

Henrique Faccin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tetrastigma Sulcatum Leaf Extract, Pure Compound and Its Derivatives

10.21203/rs.3.rs-518037/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ravindra Jagannath Waghole ◽

Ashwini Vivek Misar ◽

Neha Shashikant Kulkarni ◽

Feroz Khan ◽

Dattatraya Gopal Naik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

No Production ◽

Pure Compound ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The severity and perseverance of the inflammation have been demonstrated in many health conditions. The limitations of existing medications, propose the need for newer alternative anti-inflammatory medications. In our earlier studies, we demonstrated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of crude ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma sulcatum leaves and its fractions. In the present study, we further explored anti-inflammatory activity of T. sulcatum extract, fractions, pure compound and its derivatives using in vitro and in vivo bioassay techniques. We attempted to isolate a pure compound from leaf extract and was identified as Friedelan-3β-ol (CI) and its derivatives Friedelinol acetate (C II) and Friedelinol methyl ether (C III) were synthesized. Treatment with crude extract and its fractions demonstrated a significant reduction in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Likewise, compounds CI, CII and CIII showed a similar pattern of significant inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and NO production. In vivo study in Carrageenan induced paw-inflammatory mice model demonstrated reduced paw oedema and proinflammatory cytokines levels in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment of extract, its fractions, pure compound (CI), and their derivatives (CII and CIII.). The docking study showed all the compounds (CI, CII and CIII) share common residues with Dexamethasone. TNF- α exhibited the most interacting residues with the compounds. The present study confirmed the T. sulcatum ’s anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting Friedelan-3β-ol as an active component in a crude extract.

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The Anti-inflammatory Activity of Corydalis platycarpa (Maxim.) Makino Crude Extract from Jeju Island

KSBB Journal ◽

10.7841/ksbbj.2018.33.4.253 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 253-260

Author(s):

Sungchan Jang ◽

Taejin Park ◽

Min Seon Kim ◽

Hyehyun Hong ◽

Mi Jin Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Jeju Island ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Ethiopia for Skin Disorder

Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.4314/epj.v35i2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 73-86

Author(s):

Adela Zenebech ◽

Kaleab Asres ◽

Gebre-Mariam Tsige

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Successive Extraction ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Hydroalcoholic extracts of four different plant species [Artimesia absinthum L. (Asteraceae), Asparagusafricanus Lam. (Liliaceae), Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) and Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae)]commonly used in traditional medicine in Ethiopia for the treatment of skin disorders were evaluated fortheir potential antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria (Escherhia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and fungi (Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum,Microsporum canis, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Trichophyton violaceum) using agar diffusion method. Allthe extracts showed antibacterial activities against one or more test organisms. The extract of N. sativa seedsexhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial species tested. The minimum inhibitoryconcentrations (MICs) of the methanolic extract of N. sativa seeds were 0.156 and 2.5 mg/ml on standardstrains of S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Successive extraction of the seeds of N. sativa withpetroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol revealed that the chloroform extract exhibited largerdiameter of zone of inhibitions against the test organisms. Phytochemical screening of the total extract of N.sativa powdered seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and steroids which arethought to be responsible for the activity of the extracts of N. sativa seeds. Of the various, topicalformulations of the crude extract of N. sativa seeds, the O/W emulsion based formulation showed largerdiameter of zone of inhibition. In mice paw oedema induced by carrageenan, the crude extract of N. sativa ata dose of 300 mg/kg showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity (64.2%) followed by A. Africanus(50.1%). Keywords: skin disorders, plant extracts, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, minimum inhibitoryconcentration

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Anti-inflammatory Activity of Crude Extract and Fractions of Nectandra falcifolia Leaves

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.29.2241 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 2241-2245 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Juliana Oliveira de Melo ◽

Maria da Conceição To Truiti ◽

Marcelo Nicolás Muscará ◽

Simone Marques Bolonheis ◽

Jailson Araujo Dantas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Salvadora persica L. against Carrageenan Induced Paw Oedema in Rat Relevant to Inflammatory Cytokines

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb346378 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Abeer Y. IBRAHIM ◽

Souad E. El-GENGAIHI ◽

Hemaia M. MOTAWEA ◽

Amany A. SLEEM

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Group I ◽

Paw Oedema ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous alcoholic crude extract and ethyl acetate extract of miswak sticks (Salvadora persica L.) was investigated in carrageenan induced rat paw oedema in respect to immunological parameters. Adult male sapargue dawely rats were classified into four groups, group I received the vehicle (0.25% gum acacia solution), group II received crude aqueous alcoholic extract orally at 100 mg/kg, group III received ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg) orally and group IV received indomethacin (20 mg/kg) orally, and served as standard reference. The oedema was quantified by measuring the hind paw thickness immediately before subplantar injection, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h. Blood samples were withdrawn after the 4th hour of carrageenan induction, centrifuged and sera were used for analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of aqueous alcoholic extract and ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/ml) significantly reduced the oedema thickness in a time dependent manner, the inhibition percentage of inflammation was 17% for crude extract and 27% for ethyl acetate extract. Also the two extracts reduced secretion of inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor nercrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in serum. The ethyl acetate extract shows potent activity to be nearly the same of indomethacin activity on all determined parameters at the last hour of following up. These results may be due to the presence of flavonoids in ethyl acetate extract. Three major flavonoids were isolated from ethyl acetate extract and identified as apigenin rhamnoglucoside, luteolin glucoside and rutin. The experimental study revealed that Salvadora persica extracts display remarkable anti-inflammatory activity.

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