scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Virus Infecting Momordica charantia Linn and the Application of Trichoderma viride as Biocontrol Agent in Baccocco Cross River State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
D. O. Etim ◽  
N. I. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Chlorotic Spot ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis

Momordica charantia Linn, commonly called bitter-melon or ampalaya, is a vigorous, tendril-bearing, frost tender, annual vine of the cucurbitacae family reported to play significant role in health and nutrition. Chlorotic spot symptoms were observed on this plant during a visit to some Gardens in Baccocco Cross River State, Nigeria in 2021. The aim of this study was to identify the virus infecting this plant and investigate the ability of Trichoderma viride to control the virus. Infected leaf samples of M. charantia were collected and maintained on young seedlings of cucumber through mechanical inoculation which was further used to test the ability of Trichoderma viride as biocontrol agent, the sample was further tested against RT-PCR. Result obtained from Gene sequence analysis revealed 87 % nucleotide sequence identity with Morroccan watermelon mosaic virus. This is the first report of MWMV infecting M. charantia in Nigeria. The result further showed that Trichoderma viride was very effective in the control of virus the pathogen.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Characterisation of Virus Infecting Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Adim-Biase, Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
O. I. Eyong ◽  
E. E. Ekpiken ◽  
G. M. Ubi ◽  
A. O. Alobi
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Cucumeropsis Mannii ◽  
Cucurbitaceae Family

Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus, (Thunb.) is an annual crop in the Cucurbitaceae family grown for it fruits. It nutritional and medical uses helps in combating some illnesses and maintaining good health. The production of this crop in Nigeria is seriously under threat by virus disease. A survey of some farms in Adim, Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria during the 2019 planting season revealed mosaic and chlorotic symptoms. Mechanical inoculation was performed on young seedlings of Cucumeropsis mannii from watermelon samples showing viral symptoms and latter tested against the universal potyvirus antiserum and further detected by RT-PCR assay using cylindrical inclusion (CI) primer. The amplified cDNA was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The serology result showed that there was positive reaction against the potyvirus antiserum confirming it to be a potyvirus. The gene sequence analysis revealed 86% sequence identity with Algerian watermelon mosaic virus. This is the first report of Algerian watermelon mosaic virus strain infecting watermelon in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Identification of Mixed Virus Infection on Trichosanthes cucumerina L. in Akamkpa, Southern Cross River State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
O. I. Eyong ◽  
E. E. Ekpiken ◽  
D. E. Akam ◽  
A. T. Owolabi
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

Trichosanthes cucumerina L is a tropical or subtropical fruit bearing crop of the Cucurbitaceae family.  Field survey during 2020 planting season in Akamkpa, Southern Cross River State, Nigeria revealed widespread virus infection of the crop. Symptoms observed included severe leaf malformation/reduction and rugosity. This research was therefore aimed at identifying viruses infecting Trichosanthes cucumerina in this location. Infected leaf samples were collected and virus maintained on young seedlings of T. cucumerina in the Botanical Garden of University of Calabar, Nigeria. Diagnostic tools included ACP-ELISA and gene sequence analysis.  The ELISA result revealed two viruses belonging to the genus Cucumovirus and Potyvirus. The identity of the viruses were determined after virus sequences were compared with other viruses available in the GenBank of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the basic local alignment search tool (BLASTn). The result revealed the Cucumovirus to be Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) while the Potyvirus was revealed to be Potato virus Y (PVY). This is the first report of mixed virus infection on Trichosanthes cucumerina in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Biological, Serological and Molecular Characterisation of a New Virus Species Infecting Telfairia occidentalis in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
O. I. Eyong ◽  
A. T. Owolabi ◽  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
E. E. Ekpiken
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Telfairia occidentalis (Hook) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and is an economically important cash crop worldwide. It is widely cultivated in Nigeria including the South Eastern part of the country. This research was aimed at isolating, characterising and identifying a new virus species infecting Telfairia occidentalis in Calabar, Cross River State. Diagnostic tools employed included host range/symptomatology, insect transmission test, Antigen Coated Plate (ACP) Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and gene sequencing. Results revealed that the virus isolate infected only members of the cucurbit family producing rugosity, mosaic, mottle and leaf malformation/deformation. The virus isolate was transmitted by Aphis spiraecola in a fore-gut manner and not by A. citricida. It reacted positively against universal potyvirus antiserum. Sequence analysis showed that the Telfairia occidentalis virus isolate had 75% sequence identity with Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWM) which was found to be the closest. The virus was consequently considered a new species of potyvirus for which the name Telfairia severe mosaic virus (TeSMV) was suggested.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Distribution and Identification of Viruses Infecting Some Cucurbits Across Major Cucurbit-Growing Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. I. Eyong ◽  
E. E. Ekpiken ◽  
O. A. Iso
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Leaf Deformation ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Scale Detection

Cucurbits are group of plants which belonged in the Cucurbitaceae family and constitute one of the most important vegetables for human consumption throughout the world. A survey conducted between January to March 2021 across major cucurbit-growing area in Cross River State revealed wide spread virus infection of these crops, surveyed plants showed mosaic, mottle and leaf deformation symptoms. This research was aimed at identifying viruses infecting some cucurbits in the study areas. Twenty four samples showing virus like symptoms were collected and tested against ACP-ELISA and RT-PCR. Result obtained from ACP-ELISA showed that 20 out of 24 samples collected tested positive to universal potyvirus antisera, the gene sequence analysis revealed that samples were predominantly infected with Algerian watermelon mosaic virus representing 40% of total viruses detected followed by Morroccan watermelon mosaic virus representing 15% of total viruses detected followed by Papaya ringspot virus, Zucchini tigre mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus and Soybean mosaic virus representing 10% each for total viruses detected and finally Potato virus Y representing 5% of total virus detected. This survey is an accurate and timely detection and will form the basis for mitigating yield losses resulting from virus infection on cucurbits. This is the first report of wide scale detection of viruses infecting cucurbits in Nigeria.

Teachers Characteristics, Related factors and Environmental Education Curriculum Implementation in Secondary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
Eneji Chris-Valentine Ogar ◽  
Petters Janet Sunday ◽  
Onnoghen Usang Nkanu ◽  
Asuquo Edung Etim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State

This study assessed the influence of teacher’s characteristics and other related factors in the implementation of Environmental Education curriculum in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research designs were used, survey inferential and Expost facto research design. The study is located in the department of Environmental Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Two research questions converted into two hypotheses were formulated for the study.  A sample of three hundred (300) respondents were selected using the multistage random sampling technique comprising of twenty five (25) lecturers and two hundred and seventy five (275) postgraduate and final year undergraduate students in the department of Environmental Education, University of Calabar. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, the instrument administration was done by the researchers and same were collected 100%. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level and 298 and 290 degrees of freedom respectively. The result shows that teacher’s characteristics do significantly influence Environmental Education curriculum implementation in secondary schools. The regression analysis also shows that 6 factors listed impedes the implementation of Environmental Education curriculum, while four were not significant factors influencing Environmental Education curriculum in secondary schools. It was however recommended that teachers with competence in pedagogic knowledge of Environmental Education with classroom management skill should be employed to drive the process, while arrangement should be put in place to make Environmental Education a subject for students to offer and write in final senior secondary school examination among other.

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