scholarly journals Current Status of Sex Sorted Semen and its Long Term effect on Population Dynamics and Y-Chromosome Degeneration of the Breed Among Dairy Animals in Jharkhand, India: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
N. Kumari ◽  
S. Prasad ◽  
A. K. Pandey ◽  
S. Dash ◽  
R. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Y Chromosome Degeneration

Sex Sorted Semen gives the liberty of producing offspring of the desired sex - in farming animals by using it in conjunction with other assisted reproductive technologies such as Artificial Insemination and In-Vitro Fertilization after selecting the healthy sperm and separating into X-Female and Y-male Chromosome bearing populations based on their DNA content. It is an important biotechnological tool to increase the milk production and the profitability of Dairy Industry. Current study deals with the Principle, methods, main method, advantages, disadvantages and the current status of Sex sorted semen in India and Jharkhand. The main emphasis of this study is to draw the attention of Scientific fraternity towards the effect of Sex Sorted Semen on Population dynamics. The Sex Sorted semen increases the deviation of ratio between Male and Female Population from ideal 1:1, thereby decreasing the effective population size Ne and thus slowly reducing the viability and survivability of the population or breed concerned. Further the already depleting Y chromosomes will be reaped off all its genes in long run at a faster rate due to antagonistic selection pressure arising out of Artificial selection via Sex Sorted Semen acting against all the gene of Y chromosome of the breed or population concerned which might disturb many vital genes and the associated functions. The degeneration and extinction of scientists have been predicted long ago. The effect of Sex Sorted semen on Y- chromosome degeneration is yet to be pointed out, calculated and subsequently verified in any of the literatures. SSS is indeed a boon for India as well as Jharkhand. It might be too early to predict about the negative impact of SSS on population dynamics and Y-Chromosome degeneration. Further research work must be done to assess the extent and authencity of above mentioned impact( Predicted  theoretically) by calculation as well as practical field based Experimentation.

scholarly journals Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Predicting the Cumulative Outcome of IVF / ICSI Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Incident Cases

Infertility rates in India becoming increased in last decade principally due to the urbanization conditions and the lifestyle habits. It is giving alarm by continuously reporting the progress in incident cases of infertility amongst the young Indian adults of both male and female population. Among the various Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) available today in the treatment of infertility, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is found to be the most applicable treatment method of choice. This involves the administration of different hormones and drugs to treat infertility. In the present scenario technically IVF treatment process is tedious, laborious, high cost and most importantly success rates reported to be very low (20-30%). The prediction of IVF success rates is becoming an important scientific knowledge and practice, which helps both the doctor and the candidate couple to know about the conditions hence to take the right decision. The accurate prediction of the IVF success rate is really a challenging task in obstetrics and gynecology medicine. The success rates of the IVF depends on the various factors such as Intrinsic factors i.e, Genetic predisposition, Age, Body mass Index, Hormonal balance, Embryo viability, Sperm quality, Endometriosis and overall patient’s response level of the candidate couple and the Extrinsic factors such as Medical equipment technology, Treatment methods, Personal experiences of clinicians and embryologists, Process time, Stress due to the lifestyle etc.

scholarly journals Negative impact of high doses of follicle-stimulating hormone during superovulation on the ovulatory follicle function in small ovarian reserve dairy heifers†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin R Karl ◽  
Fermin Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
Emily Gibbings ◽  
Janet L H Ireland ◽  
Zaramasina L Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract When women with small ovarian reserves are subjected to assisted reproductive technologies, high doses of gonadotropins are linked to high oocyte and embryo wastage and low live birth rates. We hypothesized that excessive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during superovulation are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function in individuals with a small ovarian reserve. To test this hypothesis, heifers with small ovarian reserves were injected twice daily for 4 days, beginning on Day 1 of the estrous cycle with 35, 70, 140, or 210 IU doses of Folltropin-V (FSH). Each heifer (n = 8) was superovulated using a Williams Latin Square Design. During each superovulation regimen, three prostaglandin F2α injections were given at 12-h interval, starting at the seventh FSH injection to regress the newly formed corpus luteum (CL). Human chorionic gonadotropin was injected 12 h after the last (8th) FSH injection to induce ovulation. Daily ultrasonography and blood sampling were used to determine the number and size of follicles and corpora lutea, uterine thickness, and circulating concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The highest doses of FSH did not increase AMH, progesterone, number of ovulatory-size follicles, uterine thickness, or number of CL. However, estradiol production and ovulation rate were lower for heifers given high FSH doses compared to lower doses, indicating detrimental effects on ovulatory follicle function.

Effectiveness and outcomes of embryo cryopreservation programs in assisted reproductive technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Nikolayevna Kravchuk ◽  
Alla Stanislavovna Kalugina ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Bystrova ◽  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shlykova
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Thawed Embryo Transfer

Background. Embryo cryopreservation is an essential part of ART programs today. In recent years vitrification method is used increasingly widely. Purposes and tasks. To compare the effectiveness of ART programs using vitrified and fresh embryos, as well as different endometrial preparation regimes for frozen\thawed embryo transfer (modified natural cycle (MNC) and the preparatory hormone therapy(PHT)). To analyze the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes after vitrified embryo transfer. Materials and methods. We prospectively assessed the ART programs effectiveness and perinatal outcomes in 153 patients (I group), who underwent vitrified embryo transfer in 2011-2013 year. To prepare the endometrium for thawed embryo transfer in 83 patients PHT (Ia subgroup) and MNC in 70 patients (Ib subgroup) were used. Control group consisted of 70 patients, who underwent fresh embryo transfer. Results. The clinical pregnancy rate, birth rate and “take home baby” rate were not significantly different between the I (47,5 %; 30,9 %; 30,9 %) and II (53,0 %; 34,9 %; 32,5 %) groups, and between Ia (48,3 %; 28,4 %; 28,4 %) and IIb (46,6 %; 34,1 %; 34,1 %) subgroups. Complications during pregnancy and delivery, birthweight, length, Apgar score, congenital malformation rate did not differ significantly after vitrified and fresh embryo transfer. Conclusion. Vitrification is an effective method to achieve clinical results, comparable to native cycles. Application of PHT and MNC results in similar clinical outcomes. Transfer Vitrified embryo transfer does not have a negative impact on obstetric and perinatal outcomes when compared with native cycles.

Livestock in biomedical research: history, current status and future prospective

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Polejaeva ◽  
Heloisa M. Rutigliano ◽  
Kevin D. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models

Livestock models have contributed significantly to biomedical and surgical advances. Their contribution is particularly prominent in the areas of physiology and assisted reproductive technologies, including understanding developmental processes and disorders, from ancient to modern times. Over the past 25 years, biomedical research that traditionally embraced a diverse species approach shifted to a small number of model species (e.g. mice and rats). The initial reasons for focusing the main efforts on the mouse were the availability of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and genome sequence data. This powerful combination allowed for precise manipulation of the mouse genome (knockouts, knockins, transcriptional switches etc.) leading to ground-breaking discoveries on gene functions and regulation, and their role in health and disease. Despite the enormous contribution to biomedical research, mouse models have some major limitations. Their substantial differences compared with humans in body and organ size, lifespan and inbreeding result in pronounced metabolic, physiological and behavioural differences. Comparative studies of strategically chosen domestic species can complement mouse research and yield more rigorous findings. Because genome sequence and gene manipulation tools are now available for farm animals (cattle, pigs, sheep and goats), a larger number of livestock genetically engineered (GE) models will be accessible for biomedical research. This paper discusses the use of cattle, goats, sheep and pigs in biomedical research, provides an overview of transgenic technology in farm animals and highlights some of the beneficial characteristics of large animal models of human disease compared with the mouse. In addition, status and origin of current regulation of GE biomedical models is also reviewed.

scholarly journals Infertility and reproductive disorders: impact of hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms on pregnancy outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vannuccini ◽  
Vicki L. Clifton ◽  
Ian S. Fraser ◽  
Hugh S. Taylor ◽  
Hilary Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract BACKGROUND Reproductive disorders and infertility are associated with the risk of obstetric complications and have a negative impact on pregnancy outcome. Affected patients often require assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to conceive, and advanced maternal age is a further confounding factor. The challenge is to dissect causation, correlation and confounders in determining how infertility and reproductive disorders individually or together predispose women to poor pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The published literature, to June 2015, was searched using PubMed, summarizing all evidences concerning the perinatal outcome of women with infertility and reproductive disorders and the potential mechanisms that may influence poor pregnancy outcome. RESULTS Reproductive disorders (endometriosis, adenomyosis, polycystic ovary syndrome and uterine fibroids) and unexplained infertility share inflammatory pathways, hormonal aberrations, decidual senescence and vascular abnormalities that may impair pregnancy success through common mechanisms. Either in combination or alone, these disorders results in an increased risk of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, placental pathologies and hypertensive disorders. Systemic hormonal aberrations, and inflammatory and metabolic factors acting on endometrium, myometrium, cervix and placenta are all associated with an aberrant milieu during implantation and pregnancy, thus contributing to the genesis of obstetric complications. Some of these features have been also described in placentas from ART. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive disorders are common in women of childbearing age and rarely occur in isolation. Inflammatory, endocrine and metabolic mechanisms associated with these disorders are responsible for an increased incidence of obstetric complications. These patients should be recognized as ‘high risk’ for poor pregnancy outcomes and monitored with specialized follow-up. There is a real need for development of evidence-based recommendations about clinical management and specific obstetric care pathways for the introduction of prompt preventative care measures.

scholarly journals Hot Topics on Fertility Preservation for Women and Girls—Current Research, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg ◽  
Xia Hao ◽  
Anna Marklund ◽  
Gry Johansen ◽  
Birgit Borgström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Gonadal Tissue ◽  
Adults And Children

Fertility preservation is a novel clinical discipline aiming to protect the fertility potential of young adults and children at risk of infertility. The field is evolving quickly, enriched by advances in assisted reproductive technologies and cryopreservation methods, in addition to surgical developments. The best-characterized target group for fertility preservation is the patient population diagnosed with cancer at a young age since the bulk of the data indicates that the gonadotoxicity inherent to most cancer treatments induces iatrogenic infertility. Since improvements in cancer therapy have resulted in increasing numbers of long-term survivors, survivorship issues and the negative impact of infertility on the quality of life have come to the front line. These facts are reflected in an increasing number of scientific publications referring to clinical medicine and research in the field of fertility preservation. Cryopreservation of gametes, embryos, and gonadal tissue has achieved quality standards for clinical use, with the retrieval of gonadal tissue for cryopreservation being currently the only method feasible in prepubertal children. Additionally, the indications for fertility preservation beyond cancer are also increasing since a number of benign diseases and chronic conditions either require gonadotoxic treatments or are associated with premature follicle depletion. There are many remaining challenges, and current research encompasses clinical health care and caring sciences, ethics, societal, epidemiological, experimental studies, etc.

scholarly journals THE USE OF THE PRP THERAPY TO ACTIVATE FOLLICULOGENESIS IN WOMEN OF THE LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN PROGRAMS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Dorofeieva ◽  
Oleksandra Boichuk
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Fertilization Program

The rate of infertility in married couples of reproductive age in this country makes up from 10 to 15%, in some regions this value is close to 20% - acritical level that has a negative impact on demographic figures. The rate of pregnancy depends directly on the women’s age and decreases by 3.3times starting from the age of 19 and by the age of 48. The decrease in the ability to conceive is accounted for by subtle mechanisms related to thedeterioration of the quality of oocytes. The patients who are prepared for an extracorporeal fertilization program (ECF) and do not respond tocontrolled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols are considered to be poor respondents. Many studies focused on the development of an optimaltreatment method. However, none of the approaches seems to be effective enough to guarantee a successful use. Platelet-rich plasma is a new andpromising method that is successfully used in the reproductive science to solve a number of medical problems. All the patients whose commonfeatures were low oocyte output and poor embryo quality as well as failed ECF attempts were offered a treatment method of autologous PRP therapyafter their written consent. Three months later, one obtained astonishing results, which by the markers of biochemical infertility alone could beclassified as a complete biological phenomenon and are also characterized by improved embryo quality. The results of hormonal homeostasis show adecrease in the level of the follicle-stimulating hormone by 67.33% while the level of the anti-muellerian hormone is 75.18% higher.Thus, the use of the PRP therapy in poor respondents helps them to overcome their problematic reproductive barrier.

Intrauterine development of fetus in the conditions of oil technogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
M. K. Ivanova ◽  
A. N. Bakshaeva ◽  
E. P. Kuznetsova ◽  
E. V. Osipova ◽  
E. V. Mikhajlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems

The oil industry is a leader in the negative impact on all areas of the natural environment. Polluting the atmospheric air, soil, surface and underground waters, oil production processes expose the population living in the adjacent territory to the dangerous effects of xenobiotics. The reproductive system is the most sensitive to environmental problems.The aim of the study was to identify the features of the intrauterine development of fetuses of women living in the territory of oil technogenesis in comparison with the fetuses of women living in a territory without it. A comparative assessment of the frequency of blastogenesis defects in the studied groups was carried out as a result of the analysis of embryological protocols of women who received infertility treatment using methods of assisted reproductive technologies. In order to assess the frequency and structure of defects in embryogenesis and fetogenesis, an analysis of cases of congenital malformations was carried out according to the data of the primary medical documentation of the Medical Genetic Consultation.The identification of differences in the development of embryos was determined by the Pearson agreement criterion. Assessment of statistically significant differences in indicators in the study of the frequency and structure of congenital anomalies in fetuses identified by ultrasound and in newborns, the structure of factors that influenced the mother during pregnancy, which could lead to the development of congenital anomalies and complications of the course of pregnancy, was carried out using t-Student's criterion. Defects of cleavage and blastulation of embryos of women in the observation group were revealed. It was found that the frequency of birth of children with congenital anomalies in the territories of oil technogenesis is statistically significantly higher than in the territories without it. In the observation group, congenital anomalies of the respiratory system detected by ultrasound examination of the fetus, congenital anomalies of the genitals, urinary organs, musculoskeletal systems, multiple malformations revealed antenatally are statistically significantly more common.

Frequency of Y chromosome microdeletions in Armenian infertile men

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Г.Р. Шахсуварян ◽  
Р. Караханян ◽  
Т.Ф. Саркисян ◽  
В.Л. Ижевская
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Azoospermia Factor ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Y Chromosome Microdeletions ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Микроделеции длинного плеча Y-хромосомы являются частой генетической причиной мужского бесплодия, связанного с азооспермией и олигозооспермией. В различных этнических группах частота встречаемости микроделеций Y-хромосомы может существенно варьировать, а их спектр иметь определенные особенности. Целью представленного исследования являлось определение частоты и структуры микроделеционных изменений локуса AZF у мужчин армянской национальности с бесплодием для оптимизации диагностических и лечебных мероприятий с применением вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. The long arm of the Y chromosome microdeletions are common genetic cause of male infertility, related with azoospermia and oligozoospermia. The frequency of various Y-chromosome microdeletions can vary significantly in different ethnic groups and have certain features. The aim of the presented research is to determine the frequency and spectrum of AZF (azoospermia factor) microdeletions in infertile men of Armenian nationality, in order to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic measures using assisted reproductive technologies.

Ovarian endometriosis associated infertility: a modern view to the problem

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Mekan R. Orazov ◽  
Marina B. Khamoshina ◽  
Marianna Z. Abitova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Mikhaleva ◽  
Snezhana V. Volkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Ovarian Endometriomas

This review summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis of one of the most common forms of external genital endometriosis ovarian endometriomas. Due to their frequent occurrence in young women of reproductive age and extremely negative impact on the morphophysiological state of the ovaries, this disease makes a significant contribution to the structure of endometriosis-associated infertility. The main determinant of the negative effect of ovarian endometriomas on reproductive function is a decrease in ovarian reserve, which can occur either due to the direct gonadotoxic effect of the endometriod cyst itself, or due to the unintentional removal of healthy ovarian tissue during surgery or the use of aggressive methods of electrosurgery. Hence, the question of methods for achieving hemostasis during surgery in terms of iatrogenic effects on healthy ovarian tissue is debatable. The management strategy for patients with infertility associated with ovarian endometriosis consists of two components: surgical treatment and/or the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Laparoscopic cystectomy is indicated for cysts larger than 3 cm. Repeated surgical interventions in case of endometriosis do not improve fertility outcomes. Assisted reproductive technologies methods should be considered as a priority tactic in patients of older reproductive age with low ovarian reserve indicators or infertility duration of more than 2 years, as well as in cases of recurrent ovarian endometriomas. Management of such patients must be personalized and take into account the age, state of the ovarian reserve, duration of infertility, stage and number of surgical interventions for this disease.

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