Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Tomatoes and French Beans from Murang’a and Kiambu Counties, Kenya

Poor Pesticide-handling practices during production of tomatoes and French beans pose adverse health and environmental effects. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of pesticide residues in tomatoes and French beans grown and sold in Murang’a and Kiambu counties, Kenya. Samples were collected in farms and markets during the wet and dry seasons. Pesticide residues were extracted using the QuEChERS method and quantified using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. The recoveries of pesticides from spiked samples were within the acceptable range (70-120%) for quantitative pesticide residue methods. The concentration range of pesticides residues in tomatoes were: profenofos, <LOQ to 0.18 mg/Kg; omethoate, <LOQ to 0.03 mg/Kg; indoxacarb, <LOQ to 0.05 mg/Kg; chlorantraniliprole <LOQ to 0.11 mg/Kg; spirotetramat <LOQ to 0.01 mg/Kg; and metalaxyl < LOQ to 0.02 mg/Kg. The concentration range of pesticides residues in French beans were: imidacloprid <LOQ to 0.29 mg/Kg; chlorantraniliprole <LOQ to 0.37 mg/Kg; spirotetramat <LOQ to 0.01 mg/Kg; indoxacarb <LOQ to 0.05 mg/Kg; and metalaxyl <LOQ to 0.02 mg/Kg. The concentrations of pesticide residues in tomatoes and French beans were below the Maximum Residue Levels set by the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme and the European Union except for concentrations of omethoate in tomatoes, which were higher in 29% of analyzed samples. The presence of omethoate in tomatoes, whose use in vegetables is banned, suggests poor pesticide handling practices by some tomato farmers in the two counties.

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Pesticide Residue Levels in Soil, Water, Kales and Tomatoes in Ewaso Narok Wetland, Laikipia, County, Kenya

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2019/v24i530165 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Peter Ngolo ◽

Mildred Nawiri ◽

Alex Machocho ◽

Helida Oyieke

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

World Health ◽

The European Union ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Wetland Biodiversity ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Wet And Dry Seasons

Soil, water, kales and tomatoes from Ewaso Narok wetland were collected during wet and dry seasons and analyzed for 15 pesticide residues. Multi-residues method (QuEChERS EN) was used for sample preparation and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) used for analysis. The soil was highly contaminated compared to water, kales and tomatoes. Banned (Aldicarb, azinphos methyl) and restricted (diazinon, chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin) pesticide residues were detected in sample matrices in different concentrations. Residues levels that exceeded the European Union (EU) maximum residues limit (MRLs) were found in kales (triadimefon, cyproconazole I and II, fenpropathrin), tomatoes (cyproconazole I and II, fenpropathrin and spiroxamine) and water (aldicarb). All the pesticide residues concentrations were within the recommended levels of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Agricultural Food Organization (FAO). Residue levels were significantly high in the upstream and midstream during wet and dry seasons. Temperatures, conductivity (EC), pH, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured to assess soil/water quality. All the physicochemical parameters were within the recommended levels. Though most residue levels were below the EU-MRLs, MCLs and within the toxicological levels (LD50), the negative effects of the long term exposure to the wetland biodiversity and human health are real and should not be ignored. Farmers need to embrace Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in order to reduce over-reliance on pesticide use in the wetland.

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Assessment of phenolic content, pesticide residue and biological activities of organic lemon and cucumber in Lebanese market

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-01-2021-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jana Dwaidy ◽

Dina Cheaib ◽

Adla Jammoul ◽

Nada El Darra

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Residue ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Food Product ◽

The European Union ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Content Type ◽

Pesticides Residues ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the safety and quality of organic food product versus conventional ones in the Lebanese market. Design/methodology/approach Selected organic and conventional Lemon and cucumber were assessed for the presence of pesticides residues using LC-MS/MS and GC/MS/MS, also compared at the level of total polyphenols content, flavonoids, tannins and tested for their antiradical and antibacterial activities. Findings The findings indicate that organic lemons were contaminated by four types of pesticide residues (33.33%), while one pesticide residue (22.22%) was detected in conventional one, which were all below the European Union Maximum Residue Limits. For cucumber, six pesticide residues (66.66%) were detected in organic samples, while in conventional, eight pesticide residues (55.55%) were detected. However, absolutely four samples (44.44%) in each of conventional and organic cucumber samples surpass the maximum residue levels. Both lemon and cucumber, regardless of the farming systems, possess potent antioxidant activity with no significant difference, except for lemon, where total polyphenol was highly significant in conventional. Additionally, this study showed that lemon of conventional origin was slightly more effective in inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains compared to organic samples, while both cucumber types did not exert any antibacterial effect. Originality/value This is the first paper to assess the polyphenols, pesticide residue and biological activities of organic lemon and cucumber in Lebanese market as well as comparing conventional to organic.

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Pesticide Residues in Honey from the Major Honey Producing Forest Belts in Ghana

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2017/7957431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Godfred Darko ◽

Jonah Addai Tabi ◽

Michael Kodwo Adjaloo ◽

Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Health Risk ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽

Organophosphate Pesticide ◽

The European Union ◽

Safe Method ◽

Pesticides Residues ◽

Maximum Residue Limits ◽

Forest Belts

Concentrations of pesticides residues in honey sampled from the major honey producing forest belts in Ghana were determined. Samples were purposively collected and extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method and analysed for synthetic pyrethroids, organochlorine, and organophosphate pesticide residues. Aldrin, γ-HCH, β-HCH, ∑endosulfan, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin methoxychlor, ∑DDT, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, malathion, dimethoate, and diazinon were all detected at the concentration of 0.01 mg/kg, while cyfluthrin and permethrin were detected at mean concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. All the pesticide residues detected were very low and below their respective maximum residue limits set by the European Union. Hence, pesticide residues in honey samples analyzed do not pose any health risk to consumers.

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An quantificational method for 51 pesticide residues determination in Pu'er tea by LC-MS/MS

Electronics Science Technology and Application ◽

10.18686/esta.v4i1.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xudong Wu ◽

Zeyu Chen ◽

Jiankang Zhang ◽

Hongping Man ◽

Tao Che ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Residues ◽

Black Tea ◽

The European Union ◽

Acceptable Range ◽

Maximum Residue Levels ◽

Residues Determination ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Linear Concentration Range ◽

Linear Concentration

<p>Pesticide residues in tea is a major issue due to their widely used in tea cultivation. Thus, to protect consumers, an appropriate method for determination of their residues in tea should be done. In this study, a method for the simultaneous determination of 51 pesticides in tea was developed and validated. The tea sample was extracted by acetonitrile and purified SPE clearnet TPT column followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated according to the linearity, limit of detention, precision, the percentage of recovery at three different spike levels. The linear concentration range used was 10-100ng/ mL, the square of Correlation coefficient r2 was more than >0.995. Recoveries were adequate being in the acceptable range of 72-89% and RSD of <19 % for all the analytes at three level of 0.01,0.05 and 0.11mg/kg, the LOD of all chemicals from 0.001 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg .The method was applied for the determination for 400 tea samples collected from Pu'er which contain green tea and black tea. Among the analyzed samples , 36 % samples had Imidacloprid and 25% sample contain Acetamiprid, which were at a level below the European Union maximum residue levels (EU-MRLs). The information would be beneficial for Pu'er tea exporters.</p>

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Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Practices on Groundwater Quality in Kahe Catchment, Tanzania

Water ◽

10.3390/w11112263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lwimbo ◽

Komakech ◽

Muzuka

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Pesticides Residues ◽

Average Value ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Shallow Wells ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Deep Boreholes ◽

Wet And Dry Seasons

This paper assesses the impacts of farmers’ intensive use of agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) on groundwater quality in the Kahe catchment. Samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons of the year 2018 and analyzed for the presence of agrochemicals in the water. Groundwater chemistry was dominated by magnesium-sodium-bicarbonate (Mg-Na-HCO3−). The cations levels were in the trend of Mg2+ >Na+ > Ca2+ > K+, whereas anions were HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− for both seasons. The NO3− had an average value of about 18.40 ± 4.04 and 7.6 ± 1.7 mg/L in the wet and dry season, respectively. Elevated levels of nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium were found in water samples collected near the large-scale sugarcane plantation in the catchment. For both seasons, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations averaged approximately 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.16 ± 0.02, 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.46 ± 0.05, and 0.55 ± 0.02 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, the concentrations were higher in shallow wells than in the deep boreholes. Pesticides’ residues were below the detection limit in all sampled groundwater. The findings from this study provide important information for intervention in groundwater quality management in Kahe Catchment, Tanzania.

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Reports on Recent Activities of European Food Safety Authority

Outlooks on Pest Management ◽

10.1564/v30_oct_08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 217-220

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Residues ◽

Food Products ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Control Programme ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Official Control ◽

National Programmes ◽

Control Programmes ◽

Risk Managers

This report provides an overview of the 2017 official control activities on pesticide residues carried out in the European Union (EU) Member States, Iceland and Norway. It summarises the results of both the 2017 EU-coordinated control programme (EUCP) and the national control programmes (NP). While the NPs are mostly risk based (so called enforcement samples) focusing on pesticides or products originating from countries where a number of exceedances have been observed in the past, the EUCP aims to present a statistically representative snapshot of the situation of pesticide residues in food products that are mostly consumed in the EU following a random sampling procedure. The report includes the outcome of a dietary risk assessment based on the results of the overall 2017 control programmes. The comprehensive analysis of the results of all reporting countries provides risk managers with sound-based evidence for designing future monitoring programmes, in particular for taking decisions on which pesticides and food products should be targeted in risk-based national programmes.

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Seasonal and Temperature Dependent Variations in Proximate Parameters and Mineral Elements of Smoke-Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) using Traditional and Eco-Friendly Kilns in Lagos, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i4.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 639-643

Author(s):

M.M. Ogunbambo

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Drying Process ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Mineral Compositions ◽

Wet And Dry Seasons

Smoke-drying Clarias gariepinus (catfish) provides animal protein and a source of livelihood in Lagos, Nigeria. Changes occurring to seasonal and mineral compositions of smoke-dried catfish using local Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) and a newly constructed Eco-Friendly Kiln (EFK) fitted with a flame, drying and electronic components was carried out in this study. The smoke-drying process was carried out in both wet and dry seasons and smoke-dried catfish samples stored at ambient and adjusted refrigerated temperatures of 28 and 4 0C. The smoke-drying procedure was standardized at 60 - 80 0C and kiln lasted 24 ± 3 hours. Moisture content results showed a significant difference when the catfish samples were smoke-dried using TDK and EFK and stored in ambient and controlled temperatures in both wet and dry seasons while crude protein, lipid, ash and crude fibre values were significantly different when stored only in dry season. Mineral elements phosphorus, sodium, copper, magnesium and iron showed a significant difference when stored at both temperatures and seasons using both kilns. Mineral elements were found to be most stable in smoke-dried catfish samples when stored at controlled temperatures. This work proved that standardizing smoke-drying process using both kilns resulted in good quality smoke-dried catfish but showed that higher biochemical values were obtained when EFK is used. Key words: Nigeria, Smoke-drying Kilns, Seasons, Ambient, Controlled Temperatures

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