scholarly journals Seasonal and Temperature Dependent Variations in Proximate Parameters and Mineral Elements of Smoke-Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) using Traditional and Eco-Friendly Kilns in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
M.M. Ogunbambo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Smoke-drying Clarias gariepinus (catfish) provides animal protein and a source of livelihood in Lagos, Nigeria. Changes occurring to seasonal and mineral compositions of smoke-dried catfish using local Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) and a newly constructed Eco-Friendly Kiln (EFK) fitted with a flame, drying and electronic components was carried out in this study. The smoke-drying process was carried out in both wet and dry seasons and smoke-dried catfish samples stored at ambient and adjusted refrigerated temperatures of 28 and 4 0C. The smoke-drying procedure was  standardized at 60 - 80 0C and kiln lasted 24 ± 3 hours. Moisture content results showed a significant difference when the catfish samples were smoke-dried using TDK and EFK and stored in ambient and controlled temperatures in both wet and dry seasons while crude protein, lipid, ash and crude fibre values were significantly different when stored only in dry season. Mineral elements phosphorus, sodium, copper, magnesium and iron showed a significant difference when stored at both temperatures and seasons using both kilns. Mineral elements were found to be most stable in smoke-dried catfish samples when stored at controlled temperatures. This work proved that standardizing smoke-drying process using both kilns resulted in good quality smoke-dried catfish but showed that higher biochemical values were obtained when EFK is used. Key words: Nigeria, Smoke-drying Kilns, Seasons, Ambient, Controlled Temperatures

scholarly journals Effect of smoking, drying and the combination of smoking-drying on the nutritional and sensory attributes of catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
A. O Akinsola ◽  
O. A Idowu ◽  
G.O Akanbi ◽  
M. A Taiwo-Oshin
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Poor post harvesting technology such as handling, preservation and processing can lead to an unhealthy situation through massive spoilage and waste. This study assessed the effect of smoking, drying and the combination of smoking-drying on the nutritional and sensory attributes of catfish. Six kilograms of average fresh catfish were washed, eviscerated, drained, and divided into four portions of 1.5 kg each. Sample A served as control (fresh fish), while samples B, C, D were dried, smoked, dried and smoked fish respectively. Samples were analyzed using standard methods. The results of proximate analyses of samples showed that the moisture content ranged from 20.1 to 75.0 %, the protein content from 21.7 to 63.0 %, the fat content from 0.5 to 8.6 %, while the crude fibre ranged from 0.0 to 0.04 %. The total ash ranged from 1.1 to 4.9 %, while Carbohydrate (NFE) ranged from 0.1 to 3.5 %. Significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the free fatty acids and pH of sample C compared to other samples. The total plate count ranged from 2.4 to 4.3x10-5 CFU/g. The sensory attributes result showed that sample D was the most preferred and acceptable. The study showed that dried-smoked fish had a better quality and was more preferred for consumption than singly dried or smoked catfish

scholarly journals Proximate composition and phytochemical screening of coffee weed (Senna occidentalis ) leaves as phytobiotic additive in poultry diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
D. O. Obasoyo ◽  
S. E. Okosun ◽  
J. I. Uwaya ◽  
I. A. Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Poultry Diets

The proximate and phytochemical screening of Senna occidentalis were carried out to assess some nutrients and phytobiotic properties of the leaves. The fresh leaves were thoroughly rinsed, sparsely spread on jute mat and dried at room temperature for 6 – 7 days until they became crispy, thereafter they were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analyses. Data showed that the leaves had low moisture (9.35 9.35%), high crude protein (21.88 21.88%), crude fibre, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) , of 19.72, 16.88, 9.70 and 22.47% respectively. The phytochemicals positively present were cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavols, flavonols and alkaloids, while saponnins were largely present. From the results, Senna occidentalis leaf meal can be a potential source of vegetable protein and some vital mineral elements as supplements to poultry feeds. Besides, the high levels of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents present in the sample which are known to promote growth by enhancing nutrient utilization, repair of worn out tissues and disease control could make Senna occidentalis leaves worthy of being a phytobiotic additive in poultry diets.

Proximate, microbial and mineral compositions of Millet Pennisetum gluacuum L. and sorghum bicolor compounded straw feed for ruminant

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 009-014
Author(s):  
Bello Muhammed magaji ◽  
Femi Maroof Adams ◽  
Azeez Ayodeji Tijani ◽  
Bamidele Joshua Awogbemi ◽  
Temitope Oluwaranti Alake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Ruminant Feed

The study was aimed for the production and determination of the proximate, microbiological and mineral compositions of Millet Pennisetum gluacuum L. and Sorghum bicolor compounded straw feed for ruminant production. The result revealed a pH 5.791 which is suitable for fibre in the feed and promote chewing and rumination processes in the rumen, low percentage moisture content of 1.37 was recorded due to high drying in the field, high percentage fat and crude protein of 4.67 and 6.97 respectively this was as a result of the inclusion of groundnut cake as source of protein and fat in the feed, percentage digestible protein was 3.58, crude fibre value of 27.56 which satisfied the 18% requirement in the diet of ruminants, percentage carbohydrate was 54.2, and estimated energy value (Kcal) 286.95. Microbiological analysis showed a total plate count of 5 x10-4 cfu/g, Mould count of 1 x10-3 cfu/g, while Yeast, Staphylococcus, Coliform, Shigella, Salmonella and Escherichia coli count were not detected respectively. Mineral composition of sorghum and millet Pennisetum gluacuum compounded straw feed showed the presence of Fe, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Cu Mn, and Cr as 120.4189mg/kg, 570.9844 mg/kg, 227.1493 mg/kg, 568.2669 mg/kg, 12.9195mg/kg, 14.0666mg/kg, 62.9926mg/kg respectively and 18.584 mg/kg while Ni and Pb were not detected in the formulated ruminant feed.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Clarias gariepinus (Teugels) Fed Different Dietary Levels of Soaked Bauhinia Monandra (Kutz) Seed Meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Balogun ◽  
S. J. Oniye ◽  
J. Auta ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini ◽  
F. O. Abeke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of soaked <em>Bauhinia monandra</em> (Kutz) seed as alternative protein source for <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> and to determine cost of feed compounded. The proximate analysis of the diet (crude protein, crude fibre, ash, moisture content and lipid) were determined using AOAC (1980). Data for each parameter was subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) while means of various results were compared at 5% level of significance. A preliminary study was conducted to determine the best processing method that reduced anti-nutrients to the minimum level without impairing nutrients composition. Boiled, toasted and soaked seeds were used. <em>Bauhinia</em> seeds soaked for 96 hours had least concentration of anti-nutrients. The experimental diets was formulated to contain soaked <em>Bauhinia</em> seed meal (SBSM) at levels of 25%, 50% and 75% inclusion (Diets 2, 3 and 4 respectively)  with two diets acting as control (Diets 1 and 5). All diets were isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (3212kcal/kg). A 12 weeks feeding trial was conducted using juveniles which were randomly distributed into 12 improvised non-recirculatory and semi-flow through indoor plastic tanks (52cm X 34cm X 33.5cm) at a stocking rate of 10 fish per tank and three (3) replicates per treatment. The experimental design was complete randomized. The fish were fed at 5% body weight, twice daily. Diets with higher inclusion levels of SBSM (diets 3 and 4) significantly depressed growth performance of fish. The variations observed in the Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) were associated with the anti-nutrients present in the diets, these parameters reduced with increasing levels of SBSM in the diets of fish. Based on the relative cost of diets per unit weight gain and protein gain, diet 2 (25% SBSM) was most economical. The results suggested that SBSM can be used to substitute up to 25% levels of dietary protein in <em>C. gariepinus</em> juveniles without significant reduction in growth.

A survey of the analytical composition of field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eden
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARYStudies were made of the proximate and mineral compositions of modern strains of both spring· and winter-sown beans. The majority of the winter beans were of the Throws M.S. variety, of the spring beans Minors. On the dry-matter basis spring beans averaged 31·4% crude.protein, winter beans 26·5%—a highly significant difference. The true protein values showed a parallel trend. Winter beans averaged 9% crude fibre, spring beans 8%, again a highly significant difference. The strains confirmed the usually accepted levels of oil and of the principal mineral components, except that modern beans appear to be richer in phosphorus.

scholarly journals Influence of lucerne and meadow hay quality on the digestibility of nutrients in the roe deer

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sommer ◽  
M. Vodňanský ◽  
P. Petrikovič ◽  
R. Požgaj
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

It was confirmed in metabolic experiments with 4 individuals of roe deer (2 males and 2 females with the live weight of 20.8 and 17.9 kg, respectively) that due to the animals&rsquo; selective choice of a part of feeds there was no significant difference in the intake of lucerne hay of different quality and high-quality meadow hay (515.86 &plusmn; 66.97 and 597.82 &plusmn; 94.87 g, respectively). However, different quality of lucerne hay influenced the animals&rsquo; intake of crude protein and crude fibre. When the animals were fed meadow hay, they took in significantly less crude protein and fibre and significantly more nitrogen-free extract, fat and ash. Digestibility of crude protein was observed to be significantly decreased in hay of lower quality (by 10.1%). Digestibility coefficients for crude protein, crude fibre, organic matter and fat were significantly lower in grass hay compared to lucerne hay. Based on the coefficients of nutrient digestibility it can be stated that meadow hay, even if of excellent quality, is not a suitable supplement for the roe deer. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of environmental regulated water temperature variations on survival, growth performance and haematology of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Johnny O. Ogunji ◽  
Jude Awoke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

A 56 day study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature changes on survival, growth performance and haematology of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diet. Ninety (90) Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, (initial mean weight 4.33±0.03g) were subjected to different environmental regulated temperature conditions in three locations (laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse). The observed average temperature was 26.53±0.01°C, 26.06±0.01°C and 31.52±0.00°C for laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse, respectively. Ten fingerlings stocked per experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight in two portions per day. It was observed that different water temperatures affected fish growth. All experimental fish in the greenhouse died after 8 days of exposure. This happened around 14.00 hrs when water temperature reached 40°C. There was no significant difference (P<0.5) in final weight, weight gain, food conversion ratio and standard growth rate among the fish reared in the laboratory (26.53°C) and outside tanks (26.06°C), respectively. The initial carcass crude protein (Cp) value was 58.97%. At the end of the experiment fish reared in the laboratory had a crude protein value of 63.97±0.06% Cp and those reared outdoor (26.06°C) had 71.28±0.00% Cp. No significant difference in values of packed cell volume; white blood cell; haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was found between fish reared in laboratory (26.53°C) and outside (26.06°C). However, the red blood cell (RBC); mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume showed significant difference (P>0.05). The result confirms that Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared at a mean temperature of 26°C (within the recorded optimal temperature range for good growth) performed well. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings are not able to survive when water temperature reaches to 40oC.

scholarly journals Total Metals in University of Lagos Wetlands and Sediments and Their Spatial Distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Sowunmi ◽  
Soyebo Titilayo ◽  
Lukman Sowunmi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The University ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract Wetlands are carriers of metals and organic pollutants from natural and anthropogenic sources. Studies have shown that sediments are sinks for these pollutants as they carry more than 99% of the total amount of metals which are released as soluble metals into the Lagoon. The University of Lagos, located at Akoka North eastern part of Yaba in Lagos Mainland runs along a highly industrialized and residential area. This paper reports the total metal concentrations in wetland and sediment and their seasonal variations. Wetland and sediment samples were collected for two seasons in 8 sampling sites. Results showed wetland data having lower concentrations of metals as compared to sediments. Wet season had higher concentrations of metals as compared to other season. Total concentrations in wetlands were Cd (1.0-6.0), Cu (1.0-11.0), Cr (0.3-82.7), Zn (2.7-65.0) and Pb (0.3-16.0) all in μg L-1 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the wet and dry seasons for sediments. Cd was the only metal at acceptable levels while Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations all exceeded levels deemed acceptable by the SABS and the EPA. Therefore, the wetland is in poor health.

scholarly journals Accessing the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
O. M. Sogunle ◽  
V. A. Akinbami ◽  
O. O. Oyebanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Tropics

Ruminant livestock in most parts of the tropics graze extensively on naturally growing forages which are poor in quality. These tropical forages compared to those in the temperate, support lower levels of ruminant animal production mainly because they contain less nitrogen and are less digestible. The quality and quantity of these grasses become more critical in the dry seasons and thereby imposing more serious constraint to the development and productivity of these animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to access nutritional composition of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis. Phytochemical screening of Newbouldia laevis was also carried out. Newbouldia laevis had higher crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein compared to Panicim maximum. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannin, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Saponnin in Newbouldia laevis. The percentages of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin in the Newbouldia laevis were 11.5, 52.07, 3.1 and 0.64, respectively while none was recorded for Panicum maximum. The relatively high crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein values for both plants s appeared satisfactory for animal production. Also, the presence of the phytochemicals in the plant showed it importance in ethno veterinary medicine and pharmacology.

scholarly journals Proximate and Elemental Analysis of Local Spices Used in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lydia M. Okorafor ◽  
Ishaq S. Eneji ◽  
Rufus Sha’Ato
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monodora Myristica ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Comparative study of the proximate and mineral components of five local spices (Denniettia tripetala, Monodora myristica, Piper guineense, Syzygium aromaticum, Xylopia aethiopica and) were investigated.  The proximate composition revealed that the spices had considerable carbohydrate ranging from 26.2 –  53.4%, crude fibre 13.6 – 23.7%, crude protein 5.67 – 10.9%, but low ash 2.41 – 5.56%, moisture 8.61 – 17.7%  and fat 2.34 – 24.3%; except D.tripetala  and M. myristica with high moisture content of 17.7%  and crude fat content of   24.3%, respectively.  The EDXRF analysis shows the presence of mineral elements in the order of K ˃ Ca ˃ Fe ˃ Zn ˃ Sr > Se ˃ Mo ˃ Cu ˃ Mn ˃ Br > Rb. Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference (α = 0.01, 0.05) in the mean contribution of the various sample. However, there is a relationship between the constituents of P.guineense and S. aromaticum, X. aethopica, D. tripetala and the elements (Mn, Br) and (Se, Zn). Generally, the findings indicate that the five spices are good sources of nutrients and mineral elements which could be exploited as great potentials for drugs and/or nutritional supplements.

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