scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Physiological Seed Quality of Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. O. Olasoji ◽  
D. J. Ogunniyan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Varieties

A study was conducted to investigate genetic variability in physiological seed quality using viability and vigour tests which were conducted at the seed testing laboratory of Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan.  The investigational materials consisted of twelve genotypes of maize of different maturity-early, intermediate and late collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan and IAR&T, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, respectively.  The experimental design used was completely randomize design (CRD) and data was collected for some viability and vigour traits and the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant differences were found among all the maize genotypes for the characters under observation. Hundred seed weight ranged from 24.6-29.3 g, 18.5-26.6 g, 22.9-29.1 g, standard germination ranged from 54.0-100.0%, 16.0-92.0%, 50.0-100% and accelerate ageing germination also ranged from 6.0-96.0%, 7.0-84.0%, 0-90.0% in the early, intermediate and late- maturing genotypes, respectively. Conductivity ranged from 5.34-17.10 µS/cm/g, 13.7-91.7 µS/cm/g and7.06-33.6 µS/cm/g with mean values of 11.14, 39.23 and 14.05 µS/cm/g in the early, intermediate and late-maturing genotypes, respectively. Variability was smaller in the late-maturing genotypes for Root Number (RN) and Shoot Length (SLT) but higher for both early and late- maturing genotypes. It was concluded from this study that seeds of early-maturing genotypes had significantly higher physical and physiological quality parameters.  All the early materials used for the study tend to be homogenous for all the traits measured and selection should be practiced for hundred seed weight to increase yield potential in maize varieties.

Genetic Diversity and Responses of Some Selected Yellow Maize Genotypes to Stem Borer (Sesamia calamistis Hampson) Infestation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Omotola Solomon Oyeniyi ◽  
Bunmi Olasanmi ◽  
Samuel Adelowo Olakojo ◽  
Solomon Tayo Akinyosoye
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Varieties

Aims: Identification of promising resistant parents against stem borer infestation for the development of high yielding maize hybrids. Study Design: Ten yellow maize genotypes selected for yield potential and durable level of tolerance to stem borer infestation were used in this study. A stem borer resistant yellow maize variety was crossed with nine stem borer (not necessarily resistant) maize varieties in a top-cross mating design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, OAU, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: The resulting nine F1 hybrids along with the ten parents were evaluated under irrigation using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in a stem borer endemic area. Data collected were subjected to combined analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analyses. Results: Results obtained showed significant differences for year and genotype, as well as their interaction for some traits measured. Maize varieties were delineated into three groups. The first two PCA with Eigen values greater than 1.0 accounted for 73.0% of the variation; where PC1 was responsible for 52.5% of the variation and was associated with percentage stem borer infestation, leaf damage, plant aspect, stem tunneling ratio and dead heart. PC2 accounted for 20.5% and associated with only grain yield (GY). Also, maize hybrids had higher GY and better resistance to stem borer than their parents by 24.3% and -14.3%, respectively. BR9928-DMR-SR-Y was identified as resistant to stem borer with high GY in hybrid combinations. Positive and significant correlation was obtained among infestation parameters. Conclusion: Genes from promising donor parents may be introgressed into other desirable maize germplasm for the development of stem borer resistant maize hybrids.

Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Yesmina ◽  
Moushumi Akhtarb ◽  
Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

Relative susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu ◽  
M.O. Ashamo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties

Susceptibility studies keep farmers informed, and enhance breeding programmes' testing against infestation and damage by stored product pests. Therefore, the susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties toSitophilus zeamaisinfestation was investigated in the laboratory at 32.7 °C ambient temperature and 70.4% relative humidity. The varieties tested were obtained from the Maize Breeding Units of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), both in Ibadan, Nigeria. Susceptibility was assessed, using as indices, weevil mortality and survival rates, percentage grain damage, percentage grain weight loss, weight of grain powder, weevil development time, and number of emerged adults. The susceptibility index was determined post-infestation at 56 days using Dobie's formula and at 90 days from a new formula derived from Dobie's formula. Susceptible varieties produced significantly (P≤ 0.05) high numbers of F1and F2progeny, and had significantly (P≤ 0.05) low weevil mortality and early first weevil emergence. Grain damage and loss increased with storage duration. There was no visible damage to varieties 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 at 56 days post-infestation. At 90 days, the two varieties had the lowest percentage grain damage, percentage weight loss, and weight of grain powder. The index of susceptibility at F2progeny showed that the resistant varieties decreased in number from 17 (85%) to 13 (65%) and the moderately resistant varieties increased from 2 (10%) to 6 (30%). This suggests the effect of prolonged storage duration on the inherent ability of varieties to resist weevil attack. Variety PVASYN3F2 was susceptible. The factors conferring high resistance to 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 should be investigated. They should be promoted to controlS. zeamaisinfestation and damage in stored maize.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Drought, Heat and Combined Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Early Maturing Maize Landraces

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelimor ◽  
Badu-Apraku ◽  
Tetteh ◽  
N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Climate change is expected to aggravate the effects of drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses. An important step in developing ‘climate smart’ maize varieties is to identify germplasm with good levels of tolerance to the abiotic stresses. The primary objective of this study was to identify landraces with combined high yield potential and desirable secondary traits under drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses. Thirty-three landraces from Burkina Faso (6), Ghana (6) and Togo (21), and three drought-tolerant populations/varieties from the Maize Improvement Program at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were evaluated under three conditions, namely managed drought stress, heat stress and combined drought and heat stress, with optimal growing conditions as control, for two years. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between grain yield of the different treatments were very weak, suggesting the presence of independent genetic control of yield to these stresses. However, grain yield under heat and combined drought and heat stresses were highly and positively correlated, indicating that heat-tolerant genotypes would most likely tolerate combined drought and stress. Yield reduction averaged 46% under managed drought stress, 55% under heat stress, and 66% under combined drought and heat stress, which reflected hypo-additive effect of drought and heat stress on grain yield of the maize accessions. Accession GH-3505 was highly tolerant to drought, while GH-4859 and TZm-1353 were tolerant to the three stresses. These landrace accessions can be invaluable sources of genes/alleles for breeding for adaptation of maize to climate change.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Diversity Analysis in Pod and Seed Characters of Some Neglected and Underutilized Legumes (NULs)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. O. Agbolade ◽  
T. P. Olakunle ◽  
K. M. Popoola ◽  
J. A. Idowu ◽  
A. I. Isiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight

In response to the paucity of information challenge on the neglected and underutilized legumes, this paper explored pods and seeds morphological data of the twenty-four accessions of these crops with a view to establishing the occurrence of genetic variability and diversity analysis among the studied taxa. Twenty-four accessions of neglected and underutilized legumes (NULs) obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed for genetic variability and diversity analysis through Pod and seed morphological characters. Each accession was planted into plot of 5 ridges of 5 meter long, spaced 1 meter apart and replicated three times at the teaching and research farm of the Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was employed to evaluate differences in the mean values of the accessions while discriminatory traits among accessions were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Similarities among the studied plants were assessed by cluster analysis. The first two principal component axes explained 72% of the total variation. Pod length, pod width and 100-seed weight were traits that contributed most of the variations in the legume accessions. There was a display of intra-species similarities and inter-specific genetic diversity among the studied accessions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Added Value of Nasa Hybrid Corn Seed Propagation 29 in Mamuju Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
Ketut Indrayana ◽  
Hesti Rahasia ◽  
Marthen P.Sirappa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Need  for corn is increasing, both for food, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. This is an opportunity as well as a challenge for the government in increasing corn production towards sustainable self-sufficiency. Superior varieties are one of the components that can significantly increase yield. Hybrid varieties have a higher yield potential than composites so that the use of hybrid corn seeds can increase the yield of corn per crop area. The Agricultural Research and Development Agency (Balitbangtan) has produced hybrid maize varieties with high yield potential, which are no less competitive with other private hybrid maize, but they are not well disseminated. In order to obtain added value for farmers and the development of Balitbangtan corn seeds, NASA 29's hybrid corn seed propagation was carried out at the farmer level. The study was carried out in Salukayu Village, Papalang District, Mamuju Regency in 2018 covering an area of ​​1 ha. The results showed that corn seeds were 1.5 tons / ha. The Nasa 29 hybrid maize seed propagation farm is economically feasible and profitable, as indicated by the R / C value of 2.35, TIP 637 kg / ha, TIH Rp. 10,623, - / kg and IK Rp. 88,985, / day. The study of the propagation of the NASA 29 hybrid maize seed was financially feasible and the economic benefits were high and efficient.

Feeding site preference of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize grain

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The possibility thatSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky prefers a particular grain side and a grain side area for feeding, and the implications and value in maize programmes' breeding for resistance were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (32.7 °C) and relative humidity (70.4%) using standard techniques. A total of 20 elite maize varieties were used: TZBRCOMP.2C1F1, TZBRELD3C5, PVASYN-3F2, PVASYN-6F2, DTSYN-11-W, BR9943DMRSR, IWDC3SNY-W, WHITEDTSTRSYN, 2008DTMA-YSTR and 2000SYNEE-WSTR, obtained from the Maize Breeding Unit of International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, and ILE-1-OB, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-1, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-2, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-5, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-6, ARTCOMPOSITE-A-Y, ARTCOMPOSITE-B-Y, ART/98/SW1-OB, ART/98/SW4-OB and ART/98/SW5-OB, obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. The flat side of a maize grain at the point of penetration was significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because it provided much needed space for anchorage and feeding. The South locus of the flattened side of a maize grain was also significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because of its soft nature and proximity to the nutrient-rich embryo. The findings of the study have implications for seed viability and can be considered in breeding for resistance to infestation byS. zeamaisin stored maize.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variation of Different Maturity Groups of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Seed Physiological Quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
O. Bankole ◽  
A. Oluwaranti ◽  
S. A. Ajayi ◽  
F. E. Awosanmi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Maturity Groups

Maize genotypes of different maturity groups with good seed quality had been developed, but there is little or no information on how the seed quality of the maize genotypes are affected by their maturity groups. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate maize varieties of different maturity groups for seed quality and determine genotypic variations that exist within the different maturity groups of maize for seed quality. Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Seed Science Laboratory of the Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Seeds of sixteen maize genotypes of different maturity groups were subjected to imbibition, germination, accelerated ageing, conductivity and seedling vigor tests. The late maturity group (TZLCOMP.4DTF2,TZLCOMP. 1C6/DT.SYN-1-W, WHITEDTSTR/TZLCOMP.1-W, OBASUPER1) gave the best viability, speed of germination and days to complete germination while the extra early maturity group (2009TZEE-ORISTRQPM, 2000SYNEE-WSTR,2013TZEE-WDTSTR, TZEE-WPOPDTC2STRC5F2) had the least performance. The early (2014TZE –YDTSTR, 2013DTESTR–WSYN, EVDT-2000STRC0, 2009DTEWSTRSYN) and extra-early maturity groups had the longest root length and highest root number respectively. However, the different maturity groups of maize evaluated imbibed water at the same rate. TZEE-WPOP DT STR C5 F2, 2013 DTE STR – W SYN, AFLATOXIN R-SYN2, TZL COMP.1 C6/DT. SYN-1-W among extra early, early, intermediate and late maturity groups respectively performed best for viability and vigor tests.

scholarly journals Harvesting time and roasting effects on colour properties, xanthophylls, phytates, tannins and vitamin C contents of orange maize hybrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Alamu ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Adebayo O. Ogunlade ◽  
Olorunfemi Olaofe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Colour Properties ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Orange Colour ◽  
Hybrid Maize

AbstractBiofortified maize varieties form an essential part of a nutritious diet; available evidence suggests that different processing methods may affect the final food products. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of processing (roasting) and harvesting time on the bioactive components (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, phytate, tannin and vitamin C) and colour properties (L*, a*, b*), of biofortified orange maize. The orange maize hybrids used for the study were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) diverse lines with high provitamin A (PVA) content. The results showed that harvesting time and roasting methods significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected the colour properties. The positive values of ∆b* 30.7, 36.0 and 38.1 at 20 days after pollination (DAP), 27DAP and 34DAP, respectively showed that the intensity of orange colour increased with delay in harvesting time. In unprocessed freshly harvested orange hybrid maize; lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, tannin and vitamin C increased with an increase in harvesting time. For roasted hybrid, the mean concentrations of all the bioactive components increased with increases in harvesting time except for tannin and vitamin C that showed a decrease at 20DAP and 27DAP. The results revealed that processing and time of harvest affect the levels of non-provitamin A carotenoids, tannins, phytic acid, Vitamin C and the colour properties of biofortified maize genotypes.

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