Feeding site preference of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize grain

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The possibility thatSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky prefers a particular grain side and a grain side area for feeding, and the implications and value in maize programmes' breeding for resistance were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (32.7 °C) and relative humidity (70.4%) using standard techniques. A total of 20 elite maize varieties were used: TZBRCOMP.2C1F1, TZBRELD3C5, PVASYN-3F2, PVASYN-6F2, DTSYN-11-W, BR9943DMRSR, IWDC3SNY-W, WHITEDTSTRSYN, 2008DTMA-YSTR and 2000SYNEE-WSTR, obtained from the Maize Breeding Unit of International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, and ILE-1-OB, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-1, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-2, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-5, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-6, ARTCOMPOSITE-A-Y, ARTCOMPOSITE-B-Y, ART/98/SW1-OB, ART/98/SW4-OB and ART/98/SW5-OB, obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. The flat side of a maize grain at the point of penetration was significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because it provided much needed space for anchorage and feeding. The South locus of the flattened side of a maize grain was also significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because of its soft nature and proximity to the nutrient-rich embryo. The findings of the study have implications for seed viability and can be considered in breeding for resistance to infestation byS. zeamaisin stored maize.

Relative susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu ◽  
M.O. Ashamo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties

Susceptibility studies keep farmers informed, and enhance breeding programmes' testing against infestation and damage by stored product pests. Therefore, the susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties toSitophilus zeamaisinfestation was investigated in the laboratory at 32.7 °C ambient temperature and 70.4% relative humidity. The varieties tested were obtained from the Maize Breeding Units of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), both in Ibadan, Nigeria. Susceptibility was assessed, using as indices, weevil mortality and survival rates, percentage grain damage, percentage grain weight loss, weight of grain powder, weevil development time, and number of emerged adults. The susceptibility index was determined post-infestation at 56 days using Dobie's formula and at 90 days from a new formula derived from Dobie's formula. Susceptible varieties produced significantly (P≤ 0.05) high numbers of F1and F2progeny, and had significantly (P≤ 0.05) low weevil mortality and early first weevil emergence. Grain damage and loss increased with storage duration. There was no visible damage to varieties 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 at 56 days post-infestation. At 90 days, the two varieties had the lowest percentage grain damage, percentage weight loss, and weight of grain powder. The index of susceptibility at F2progeny showed that the resistant varieties decreased in number from 17 (85%) to 13 (65%) and the moderately resistant varieties increased from 2 (10%) to 6 (30%). This suggests the effect of prolonged storage duration on the inherent ability of varieties to resist weevil attack. Variety PVASYN3F2 was susceptible. The factors conferring high resistance to 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 should be investigated. They should be promoted to controlS. zeamaisinfestation and damage in stored maize.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF NITROGEN SECOND DOSE FERTILIZATION MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
A. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Maize Grain

The field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of timing nitrogen second dose fertilization on the grain yield and yield components of some improved maize varieties. The field experiments was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research IAR-ABU Research Farm Samaru – Zaria and Military Cantonment Farm Jaji – Nigeria. Treatments consist of three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15 and SAMMAZ 16) and six timings of nitrogen second dose of fertilizer application. Data were recorded on grain yield, number of cobs /plant, number of grain /row, cob(ear) diameter, cob(ear) weight and 100 grain weight. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. SAMMAZ 16 produced significantly higher grain yield and recorded superior yield characters over SAMMAZ 14 and 15. The results further showed that time of nitrogen second dose application 6 WAS outperformed other timings evaluated at both location. The study identified. SAMMAZ 16 and time 6 WAS appeared to be the option for increased maize grain yield in the study area

scholarly journals Using a Participatory Approach and Legume Integration to Increase the Productivity of Early Maturing Maize in the Nigerian Sudan Savannas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Hakeem A. Ajeigbe ◽  
Nathalie Ndaghu ◽  
Lucy Kamsang ◽  
Temitope Ademulegun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Sudan Savanna

Drought, infestation of cereal crops by the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica, and poor soil fertility are the major constraints to maize production by smallholder farmers in the Sudan savannas of northern Nigeria. Four innovation platforms (IPs) were therefore established in 2008 in the Sudan savanna (SS) agroecological zone of northern Nigeria to create a stakeholder forum to address these identified food production challenges in the target areas. The IPs comprised researchers from Bayero University, Kano; Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; state and local government extension programs in Kano and Katsina states; input and output dealers; community-based organisations; and media organisations in the two states. The current study reports on the effects of legume integration on maize performance in farmer fields and the adoption of Striga management technologies introduced in the IPs over a four-year period. The deployment of drought- Striga-tolerant and early-maturing maize varieties along with legume rotation reduced Striga infestation by 46–100% when cowpea was rotated with maize, 80–97% when groundnut was rotated with maize, and 59–94% when soybean was rotated with maize. Grain yield of maize increased by 63–88% when cowpea was rotated with maize, 69–128% when groundnut was rotated with maize, and 9–133% when soybean was rotated with maize. Participatory and detailed questionnaire-based adoption surveys showed high adoption of improved maize varieties, five years after program interventions. The maize variety 99EVDT-W-STR C0 was the most popular among all the IPs because it is early maturing, Striga-resistant, and drought-tolerant. The high maize yields and high adoption rates suggest that the IP approach was effective in disseminating maize technologies.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Physiological Seed Quality of Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. O. Olasoji ◽  
D. J. Ogunniyan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Varieties

A study was conducted to investigate genetic variability in physiological seed quality using viability and vigour tests which were conducted at the seed testing laboratory of Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan.  The investigational materials consisted of twelve genotypes of maize of different maturity-early, intermediate and late collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan and IAR&T, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, respectively.  The experimental design used was completely randomize design (CRD) and data was collected for some viability and vigour traits and the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant differences were found among all the maize genotypes for the characters under observation. Hundred seed weight ranged from 24.6-29.3 g, 18.5-26.6 g, 22.9-29.1 g, standard germination ranged from 54.0-100.0%, 16.0-92.0%, 50.0-100% and accelerate ageing germination also ranged from 6.0-96.0%, 7.0-84.0%, 0-90.0% in the early, intermediate and late- maturing genotypes, respectively. Conductivity ranged from 5.34-17.10 µS/cm/g, 13.7-91.7 µS/cm/g and7.06-33.6 µS/cm/g with mean values of 11.14, 39.23 and 14.05 µS/cm/g in the early, intermediate and late-maturing genotypes, respectively. Variability was smaller in the late-maturing genotypes for Root Number (RN) and Shoot Length (SLT) but higher for both early and late- maturing genotypes. It was concluded from this study that seeds of early-maturing genotypes had significantly higher physical and physiological quality parameters.  All the early materials used for the study tend to be homogenous for all the traits measured and selection should be practiced for hundred seed weight to increase yield potential in maize varieties.

scholarly journals HETEROSIS OF SOME TROPICAL MAIZE GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM TWO DIFFERENT MAIZE BREEDING ERAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Ige AYODELE Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
The Tropics

Heterosis for maize grain yield was studied to identify cross combinations that may be useful sources for inbred line extraction, recurrent selection and, to estimate changes in the maize grain yield heterosis across two breeding eras in the tropics. Field studies were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan during the cropping seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, with 10 open pollinated maize varieties (OPVs)  derived two breeding eras (1 and 2). The ten OPVs and the crosses generated from them were evaluated under stem borer infested and non-infested, high-N versus low-N and natural conditions. Mid and High-heterosis (MPH & HPH) were estimated from grain yield data from the tested environments. MPH & HPH under natural, optimum N-Fertilizer application, and borer infested environments were 37.20 and 25.38%, 19.85 and 12.3%, 30.98 and 18.94% respectively. Cross combination DMR-LSR-W (Era 1) x TZSR-Y-I (Era 1) expressed the highest magnitude of (MPH & HPH) (97.70 and 87.15%) for grain yield across the tested environments except low-N. It suggest the suitability of the hybrid for cultivation only in environments with high productivity index. Hybrid ACR99TZLCOMP4-DMRSR (Era 1) x BR9928DMRSR (Era 2) had highest HPH under low-N environments. Suggesting this combination as a good source of genes for the development of low nitrogen tolerance maize varieties in the tropics. Cross combinations that expressed better (HPH) under borer infestation are good gene pools for the development of stem borer tolerance maize varieties in stem borer endemic zone. These crosses hold promise as future candidates for commercial exploitation of heterosis or for the extraction of inbred lines in the tropics. Better (HPH) were derived from the crosses between Era 1 and & 2, indicates the older and newer maize varieties complement each other for (HPH) across environments. 

scholarly journals Bayesian Credible Intervals for Maize Grain Yields of the Maintenance Varieties Evaluated in Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Siraj Osman Omer ◽  
Mohammed Salah Abdalla ◽  
Ibrahim Nuraldin Alzain ◽  
Abdelmoniea Dafaalla
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Crop Variety

Improved of maintenance crop varieties developed at agricultural research corporation, Wad median, Sudan is intended for seed foundation which is recently established. This study was undertaken to establish statistical investigation using Bayesian estimation for credible interval or posterior interval as a Bayesian strategy for a maintenance variety. Data on grain yield (kg/ha) on a maize crop variety were used. Bayesian posterior information can be annoying to investigate but are important in maintenance varieties that foundational claims are used to make general recommendations for practice. Half normal informative priors set were used. The heritability of yield (varieties)) was (h = 0.75). Predicted posterior means of varieties were shown with a Bayesian interval for scientific inference in the maintenance maize grain yield. Bayesian approach is useful for reducing uncertainty on decisions based on economic evaluation of new maize varieties in Sudan, the use of credible intervals for grain yield allow for early decisions.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 390-396

Maize cultivation in the Kaluga region for rolled grain conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Л.В. Кузнецова ◽  
В.Н. Мазуров
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Silage Production

В Калужской области в условиях инновационного развития животноводческой отрасли отмечено увеличение количества ферм с круглогодовым стойловым содержанием животных, которое требует качественных энергетических кормов собственного производства. В этом направлении актуально использование кукурузного корма в виде не только силоса, но и зерна. В результате многолетнего изучения в Калужском НИИСХ более 70 сортов и гибридов кукурузы зарубежной и отечественной селекции установлено, что в условиях области возможно выращивание кукурузы на силос, зерностержневую массу и зерно. Урожайность зелёной массы изучаемых гибридов составляла от 30 до 75 т/га, зерна — от 4 до 11 т/га. Произведён расчёт типовой научно обоснованной технологической карты возделывания кукурузы на зерно с последующим химическим консервированием плющеного зерна, показана экономическая эффективность технологии на примере Калужской области. Расчёты выполнены на основе использующихся в регионе технологий возделывания этой культуры и приготовления консервированного плющеного зерна в полимерном рукаве. При определении себестоимости продукции произведён расчёт потребности в денежных средствах по статьям затрат на выращивание кукурузы и приготовление её с помощью химического консервирования плющеного зерна. На основе полученных результатов установлено, что на производство 700 т плющеной консервированной кукурузы, при урожайности культуры 7 т/га, потребуется 5782,2 тыс. руб. (в ценах 2018 года). Для оценки вариабельности технологии с точки зрения рисков получения меньшей или большей урожайности нормативы затрат рассчитаны на 1 га и 1 т продукции при урожайности кукурузы на зерно 5, 7, 9 т/га. Полученные данные позволяют утверждать, что с ростом урожайности кукурузы от 5 до 9 т/га себестоимость 1 т продукции снижается с 11 405 до 6513 руб. (в ценах 2018 года). The number of farms keeping livestock indoors all year round grew in the Kaluga region. Therefore, local forage production of high quality and nutrition became an important issue. Maize grain is a promising feed along with corn silage. Kaluga Agricultural Research Institute tested over 70 foreign and domestic maize varieties and hybrids for several years proving crop applicability for silage production, cob mass and grain. Hybrids produced 30‒75 t ha-1 of green mass and 4‒11 t ha-1 of grain. A flow chart for maize rolled grain conservation was developed; economic efficiency of the technology was proved. Calculations were performed according to regional technology of maize cultivation and rolled grain conservation in plastic bag. Prime costs for rolled grain conservation were evaluated. Production and conservation of 700 t of maize rolled grain requires 5782.2 rubles (2018) when crop yielding 7 t ha-1. To consider the risk of yield variation costs for 1 ha and 1 t of grain were calculated under grain productivity of 5, 7, 9 t ha-1. Yield increase from 5 to 9 t ha-1 reduces prime costs for 1 t of grain mass from 11 405 to 6513 rubles (2018).

Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) germplasm revealed by RAPD markers

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
H I Amadou ◽  
P J Bebeli ◽  
P J Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) germplasm using 25 African accessions from the collection in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Fifty random decamer primers were screened to assess their ability to detect polymorphism in bambara; 17 of them were selected for this study. Considerable genetic diversity was found among the V. subterranea accessions studied. The relationships among the 25 accessions were studied by cluster analysis. The dendrograms showed two main groups of accessions mainly along the lines of their geographic origin. It is concluded that RAPD can be used for germplasm classification in bambara groundnut and hence for improving this crop.Key words: germplasm, PCR, RAPD, Vigna subterranea.

scholarly journals Natural variations in the P-type ATPase heavy metal transporter ZmCd1 controlling cadmium accumulation in maize grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Tang ◽  
Meijie Luo ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Huanle Guo ◽  
Jingna Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
P Type

SummaryCadmium (Cd) accumulation in maize grains is detrimental to human health. Developing maize varieties with low-Cd contents via marker-assisted selection is important for ensuring the production of maize grains safe for consumption. However, the key gene controlling maize grain Cd accumulation has not been cloned. In this study, we identified two major loci for maize grain Cd accumulation (qCd1 and qCd2) on chromosome 2 during a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The qCd1 locus was analyzed by bulked segregant RNA-seq and fine mapping with a biparental segregating population of Jing724 (low-Cd line) and Mo17 (high-Cd line). The ZmCd1 candidate gene in the qCd1 locus encodes a vacuolar membrane-localized heavy metal P-type ATPase transporter, ZmHMA3, which is orthologous to the tonoplast Cd transporter OsHMA3. Genomic DNA sequence and transcript analyses suggested that a transposon in intron 1 of ZmCd1 is responsible for the abnormal amino acid sequence in Mo17. An EMS mutant analysis and an allelism test confirmed ZmCd1 influences maize grain Cd accumulation. The natural variations in ZmCd1 were used to develop four PCR-based molecular markers, which revealed five ZmCd1 haplotypes in the GWAS population. The molecular markers were also used to predict the grain Cd contents in commonly cultivated maize germplasms in China. The predicted Cd contents for 36 inbred lines and 13 hybrids were consistent with the measured Cd contents. Furthermore, several low-Cd elite inbred lines and hybrids were identified, including Jing2416, MC01, Jingnonke728, and Jingke968. Therefore, the molecular markers developed in this study are applicable for molecular breeding and developing maize varieties with low grain Cd contents.

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