Relative susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu ◽  
M.O. Ashamo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties

Susceptibility studies keep farmers informed, and enhance breeding programmes' testing against infestation and damage by stored product pests. Therefore, the susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties toSitophilus zeamaisinfestation was investigated in the laboratory at 32.7 °C ambient temperature and 70.4% relative humidity. The varieties tested were obtained from the Maize Breeding Units of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), both in Ibadan, Nigeria. Susceptibility was assessed, using as indices, weevil mortality and survival rates, percentage grain damage, percentage grain weight loss, weight of grain powder, weevil development time, and number of emerged adults. The susceptibility index was determined post-infestation at 56 days using Dobie's formula and at 90 days from a new formula derived from Dobie's formula. Susceptible varieties produced significantly (P≤ 0.05) high numbers of F1and F2progeny, and had significantly (P≤ 0.05) low weevil mortality and early first weevil emergence. Grain damage and loss increased with storage duration. There was no visible damage to varieties 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 at 56 days post-infestation. At 90 days, the two varieties had the lowest percentage grain damage, percentage weight loss, and weight of grain powder. The index of susceptibility at F2progeny showed that the resistant varieties decreased in number from 17 (85%) to 13 (65%) and the moderately resistant varieties increased from 2 (10%) to 6 (30%). This suggests the effect of prolonged storage duration on the inherent ability of varieties to resist weevil attack. Variety PVASYN3F2 was susceptible. The factors conferring high resistance to 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 should be investigated. They should be promoted to controlS. zeamaisinfestation and damage in stored maize.

scholarly journals Morphophysical and biochemical traits involved in maize grain varietal susceptibility to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Déthié Ngom ◽  
Marie-Laure Fauconnier ◽  
Paul Malumba ◽  
Cheikh Thiaw ◽  
Thierry Brévault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Varieties

Description of the subject. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food providing nutrients for humans and animals worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, maize is stored to ensure food resource availability throughout the year. However, stored-product pests such as the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) can cause huge grain losses. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the oviposition preference of Sitophilus zeamais over maize varieties commonly cultivated in Senegal and the effect of grain morphophysical and biochemical characteristics on their susceptibility to the maize weevil. Method. Twenty-five S. zeamais pairs (M/F) were placed in the center of an arena at equal distance of small heaps of maize grains (30 g) from nine maize varieties. Adult abundance, damaged grains, grain weight loss, and progeny were confronted to grain characteristics (phenolics and ferulic acid content, hardness, brightness, color and size of grains). Results. Susceptibility to the maize weevil varied significantly among maize varieties. Synth-9243 was the most susceptible variety with greatest damaged grains (10.5 ± 2.3%), grain weight loss (2.3 ± 0.6%), and progeny (17.3 ± 3.8 adults). The least susceptible varieties were Across-Pool, SWAN, Obatampa, and Tzee-Yellow. Grain characteristics such as phenolics and ferulic acid content were negatively related to susceptibility, but other constituents may have antixenosis or antibiosis effects. In addition, grain brightness may also have a visual effect deterring oviposition. Conclusions. The most repellent and less favorable varieties for S. zeamais were Tzee-Yellow, Across-Pool, Obatampa and SWAN, that presented high content of phenolics and ferulic acid, hardness and brightness of grains.

Feeding site preference of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize grain

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The possibility thatSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky prefers a particular grain side and a grain side area for feeding, and the implications and value in maize programmes' breeding for resistance were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (32.7 °C) and relative humidity (70.4%) using standard techniques. A total of 20 elite maize varieties were used: TZBRCOMP.2C1F1, TZBRELD3C5, PVASYN-3F2, PVASYN-6F2, DTSYN-11-W, BR9943DMRSR, IWDC3SNY-W, WHITEDTSTRSYN, 2008DTMA-YSTR and 2000SYNEE-WSTR, obtained from the Maize Breeding Unit of International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, and ILE-1-OB, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-1, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-2, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-5, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-6, ARTCOMPOSITE-A-Y, ARTCOMPOSITE-B-Y, ART/98/SW1-OB, ART/98/SW4-OB and ART/98/SW5-OB, obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. The flat side of a maize grain at the point of penetration was significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because it provided much needed space for anchorage and feeding. The South locus of the flattened side of a maize grain was also significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because of its soft nature and proximity to the nutrient-rich embryo. The findings of the study have implications for seed viability and can be considered in breeding for resistance to infestation byS. zeamaisin stored maize.

scholarly journals Relative resistance of maize varieties against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), (Coleoptera: Curcolionidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1169-1176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Percent Weight Loss ◽  
Maize Varieties

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most damaging pests of stored cereals causing severe damage to stored grains. In current investigation, six open pollinated maize varieties viz. JALAL (white), AZAM (white), SADAF (yellow), ZARD LOCAL (yellow), KASHMIRI (yellow) and PAHARI (white) were screened out in the laboratory of Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for their relative susceptibility/resistance to maize weevil. The experiment was laid out following completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replicates. Results revealed that minimum (23.8) days to adult emergence of maize weevil were recorded when it was reared on variety Azam; whereas; maximum (34.2) days were recorded on variety Sadaf. Total number of F1 adults emerged were maximum (91) in Azam while minimum (62) in variety Sadaf. Percent infestation of maize kernels was maximum (39.01%) in Azam while minimum (25.80%) was recorded in variety Sadaf. Percent weight loss was maximum in Azam i.e. 26.12% while minimum percent weight loss (16.88%) was recorded in Sadaf. Maximum longevity (68.4 days) of adult weevils was recorded on Azam while minimum (53.4 days) was recorded on variety Sadaf. All the tested varieties had no significant effect on the sex ratio of emerged weevils. High germination percentage was recorded in Sadaf (90%) whereas; low germination was found in Azam (57%). The grain hardness test indicated that yellow varieties including Sadaf, Zard local and Kashmiri had maximum hardness having 317, 302.33 and 296 N grain hardness, whereas; white varieties i.e. Pahari, Jalal and Azam had minimum values of grain hardness i.e. 264.33, 251.66 and 238.33 Newton. The present work has shown that Azam is the most susceptible variety and should not be stored for longer periods whereas; Sadaf is the resistant variety against maize weevil.

scholarly journals Resistance of Some Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) to Damage by Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
T. J Adebowale ◽  
A. A Osipitan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Grain Dust ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Damage to stored maize grains by Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus is enormous and could be total if the insects are not controlled timely and appropriately. Control of the insects with host plant resistance has advantages over other control measures because of its lasting effect, friendliness to the environment and safety to natural enemies among others. This study assessed host resistance of 11 maize varieties to infestation and damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus. One hundred gram maize grains each of the maize varieties were weighed into 250 cm3 glass jars and separately infested with twenty, 1-5 days old S. zeamais or P. truncatus. Percentage grain damage, weight loss, adult mortality, grain dust and number of insects were determined and integrated to define the resistance of the maize varieties to the insects. Eight of the 11 maize varieties were either resistant or moderately resistant to damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus, while three were susceptible. The basis of resistance is antibiosis conferred by the ash, carbohydrate and fat content of the maize grains. The resistance varieties could be planted to mitigate infestation and damage by the insects. The factors conferring resistance can be used as environmentally friendly source of resistance to breed maize grains for resistance to the insects.

Use of Botanicals for Weevil Management: A Integrated Approach of Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Management in A Storage Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
S. Tiwari ◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Grain Damage

A study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory of Agriculture and Forestry University with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of potential plant materials to manage the maize weevil; Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from April to October 2015. The mean temperature and RH of storeroom during the experiment period was 29.37°C and 71.91% RH. A completely randomized design (CRD) was laid out with three replicates. Seven plant materials such as Acorus calamus (rhizome powder) @ 10gm kg-1, Azadirachta indica (seed powder) @ 10gm kg-1, Artemisia vulgaris (leaf dust) @ 10gm kg-1, Zanthoxylum alatum (fruit powder) @ 4gm kg-1, Melia azadirach (seed powder) @ 10gm kg-1, Justicia adhatoda (leaf dust) @ 10gm kg-1 and control were used as treatments. After six months, the lowest percentage maize weight loss (1.5) and lowest grain damage (1.43%) was observed in Acorus calamus treated grains. However, the highest grain damage percentage (18.02%) and weight loss (57.30%) was recorded in control treatment. Similarly, the lowest number of exit holes (3.30) was observed in Acorus calamus treated grains but highest (47.00) were recorded in control. Significantly more numbers of weevil were emerged (57.00) in control treatment whereas only a few (2.70) were recorded in Acorus calamus treated grains. Hence, it is concluded that maize weevil showed less preference to Acorus calamus treated grains with minimum weight loss and less grain damage as compared to other botanicals. This finding is important for promoting locally available botanical materials to manage maize weevil in Nepal.

scholarly journals How pestiferous are maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and rust-red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) against dried okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Malvales: Malvaceae) fruit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Oladele A. Olaniran ◽  
Samuel A. Babarinde ◽  
Fatai O. Alao ◽  
Adetayo D. Adeleye ◽  
Afeez Ige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Malvales: Malvaceae) is a major fruit vegetable consumed in either fresh or dried form in Africa. As part of our efforts to identify the pestiferous species attacking dried fruits, a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the damage potentials of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) against dried okra. Three levels of infestations (5, 10 and 20 adults of each insect) on dried okra and okra without insect infestation, which served as control were kept under ambient conditions. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design and replicated thrice. Data were collected on percentage insect mortality, okra weight loss and proximate composition. Percentage mortality increased with storage duration, while weight loss was significantly affected by insect infestation levels and ranged from 0.04%-0.18%, 0.07%-0.21%, 0.08% 0.22%, 0.07%-022%, 0.11% 0.22% and 0.12%-0.23% for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after infestation, respectively. Crude fibre significantly increased with insect infestation (13.98%-14.62% for the infested okra compared with 9.12%-13.63% in the control), while other proximate components were not significantly affected. The results show that the two species pose no serious threat to intact dried okra, in the short term, but long term multiple generation infestation of dried okra by the insects may cause greater damage.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the ethanol extracts of the leaves of some plant species on the mortality of maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) and prevention of grain damage

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Mastewal Alehegn ◽  
Destaw Damtie ◽  
Melaku Wale ◽  
Yewulsew Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Phytolacca Dodecandra ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Juniperus Procera ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) damages maize, a major cereal crop in Ethiopia. A study was conducted to determine the anti-weevil activities of ethanol extracts of leaves of Juniperus procera, Phytolacca dodecandra, Ostegia integrifolia, Sansevieria trifasciata, and Eucalyptus globulus. Extraction was done using 70% ethanol. Two types of tests (toxicity and efficacy) were conducted using three doses, i.e., 50, 75, and 100 ml/kg of each plant. In the toxicity test, weevil mortality was measured at the 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours, then weekly for five weeks. For efficacy test, weevil mortality and grain damage (weight loss, percent holes, and percent germination) were assessed three months after treatment. J. procera and P. dodecandra were more toxic (96.6% and 96.4% mortality rate, respectively). The 50 and 75 ml/kg doses of E. globulus, 75 and 100 ml/kg doses of J. procera, of P. dodecandra, and of S. trifasciata killed 100% of the weevils; in the control mortality was 23.3%. Grain weight loss was high in the control (7.8%) followed by grains treated by 75 ml/kg extracts of O. integrifolia (5.9%). Percentage holes was high in the control (70%) followed by 75 ml/kg extracts of O. integrifolia (26.7%). Germination was high in grains treated with 50 and 75 ml/kg doses of J. procera, E. globulus, S. trifasciata, and P. dodecandra in descending order. The 75 and 100 ml/kg extracts of J. procera, E. globulus, S. trifasciata, and P. dodecandra were good candidates in the control of maize weevils with limitations of allelopathy in the 100 ml/kg. Keywords: Juniperus procera; Maize weevil; Ostegia integrifolia; Phytolacca dodecandra; Sansevieria trifasciata; Sitophilus zeamais.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Potency of Eggshell Powder Against Maize Weevil

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Olagunju O.D. ◽  
Rahman M.O. ◽  
Okparavero N.F. ◽  
Abah I.A. ◽  
Odutola B.S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Controls

Efficacy of chicken eggshell powder at concentrations 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g /100 g maize, for control of Sitophilus zeamais, were compared with permethrin at dosage rate of 0.167g / 100 g of yellow maize. Experiments were conducted at Biotechnology laboratory (NSPRI), Ilorin under ambient condition (26±3oC 65±5% RH). Mortality of S. zeamais increased with increasing dosages of the CESP as well as with days of exposure. CESP at 2.0g gives 96.67% mortality which is not significantly different from the positive control. The mean progeny emergence (0.00%), weight loss (1.11%), and percentage grain damage (19.68%) by S. zeamais was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased with increased dosage of CESP. However, CESP did not significantly affect seed germination. Total coliform count at 2.0 g (2.48 x 102) was significantly different from both positive and negative controls at p<0.05 Therefore, CESP can serve as a good maize protectant which can be used as substitute for synthetic chemicals.

scholarly journals Synergetic effects of two botanical entomocides as pest-protectants in maize grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwaseun Obajulaye
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synergetic Effects ◽  
Grain Damage

<em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> Motschulsky infestation causes severe post-harvest losses of cereal grains in Nigeria leading to major nutritional and economic losses. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the efficacy of <em>Myrcianthes fragrans</em> and <em>Aframomum melegueta</em> seed powders and methanol extract as well as their synergetic effects on <em>S. zeamais</em>. The ability of the plant products to protect maize grain against <em>S. zeamais</em> infestation was assessed in terms of mortality 24 to 96 h posttreatment, oviposition, and adult emergence, weight loss and grains damage. <em>M. fragrans</em> and <em>A. melegueta</em> products significantly cause adult mortality of <em>S. zeamais</em>. <em>M. fragrans</em> products were the most toxic as it evoked 100% adult mortality within 24 h of application while<em> A. melegueta</em> products evoked 100% mortality of <em>S. zeamais</em> at 48 and 72 h post treatment, respectively. The synergetic effects of the plant products caused 100% adult mortality at 48 and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. Oviposition, adult emergence, weight loss and damage of the maize grains treated with the plant products were completely inhibited compared with untreated grains. The results obtained revealed that 2 g and 2% sole application of <em>M. fragrans</em> and mixed application of <em>M. fragrans</em> and <em>A. melegueta</em> products were effective in controlling <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> post-harvest infestation and grain damage and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticide in ensuring steady supply of maize grains, thus ensuring food security as the plants are of medicinal and nutritional quality.

Efficacy of different hermetic bag storage technologies against insect pests and aflatoxin incidence in stored maize grain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimondo Mutambuki ◽  
Paddy Likhayo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Aflatoxin Level ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract The performance of six grain storage technologies for the control of insect pests in maize was evaluated over a 36-week (9-month) storage period. The six technologies used were: two ZeroFly® hermetic bag brands (laminated and non-laminated); Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag; non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag; woven polypropylene (PP) bag containing maize grain treated with Actellic Gold® Dust (pirimiphos-methyl 1.6% + thiamethoxam 0.3%) and woven PP bag containing untreated grain. Each bag was filled with 50 kg maize grain and four replicates of each were set up. With the exception of the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag, 50 live adults of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, were introduced into all the bags. Insects were not introduced into the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag to assess its effectiveness in repelling infestation from outside. Parameters recorded were gas composition (oxygen and carbon dioxide) levels inside the bags; weight of flour generated by insect feeding activities; grain moisture level; live adult insect counts; grain damage and weight loss; grain germination rate and aflatoxin level. At termination, the plastic liners of the hermetic bags were examined for perforations. Results show that oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide evolution were faster in ZeroFly® hermetic compared to PICS bags. Throughout the 36-week storage trial, grain damage remained below 4% and weight loss below 3% in all the treatments except in the untreated PP bags in which it increased to 81.1 and 25.5%, respectively. The hermetic PICS, ZeroFly® and Actellic Gold dust-treated PP bags maintained grain germination at 60%, which was lower than the initial 90%, while in untreated control, it reduced to 4.7%. The mean aflatoxin levels fluctuated between 0.39 and 3.56 parts per billion (ppb) during 24 weeks of storage in all the technologies tested, which is below the acceptable maximum level of 10 ppb in maize. Based on the evaluation results, it can be concluded that hermetic PICS and ZeroFly® bags and woven PP bag with Actellic Gold dust-treated grain effectively protected stored maize grain from insect attack and weight losses. Appropriate strategies and mechanisms for the effective and efficient adoption of hermetic storage bag technology at scale would contribute towards global food security.

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