scholarly journals The Potential Risk of the Used Thaumatococcus danielli (Benn) Leaves in Food Packaging Process in Transmission of Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Victoria Klutse ◽  
Samuel Addo Akwetey ◽  
Priscilla Abena Ankamaa Opare ◽  
Godwin Kwakye-Nuako
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Forest Plant Species

Thaumatococcus danielli leaf is a known forest plant species that is widely used by food vendors for food packaging. In this study, the possible risk of T. danielli leaf used in food packaging, with its antibiotic-resistant pathogen transmission potential was evaluated. Five hundred leaves were swabbed from vendors at different food joints and were subjected to the routine bacteriological examination. Pure cultures from swabs were biochemically analysed, after microscopic examination. Most bacteria isolates were members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Other species included Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS (Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci) and Pseudomonas sp. The bacterial isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility towards 11 antimicrobials. As well as some factors such as community hygiene levels and people behaviour and their influences on the transmission of these microorganisms were statistically analysed using frequency tables. Most of the food vendors (43%) were between the ages of 31-40. Those with tertiary education were mostly aware (58%) of the possible transmission of pathogens by the leaves. Moreover, the leaves are preferred by food buyers irrespective of their income. Bacteria belonging to sixteen (16) different genera were identified, all of which were resistant to at least three antibiotics. The study showed that T. danielli leaves used by food vendors in two popular markets in Cape Coast Metropolis were contaminated and may serve as a possible vehicle for antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmission.

scholarly journals Isolation of multidrug-resistant bacteria from the hospital environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 990-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahavir Joshi ◽  
Sukhminderjit Kaur ◽  
Bhavkiara Shergill ◽  
Sonali Sood ◽  
Mishra Tulika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Petri Plate

Antibiotics are used to cure the illness caused by pathogenic microbes. The resistance towards such antibiotics is becoming a serious concern in the present time. The frequency of drug resistance is increasing in hospitals. This aptitude to develop resistance against antibiotics has become a serious threat to the patients that are already hospitalized, making them more prone to infections and increased complications of already existing medical conditions. It can also lead to a high mortality rate in hospitals. The present work is designed to isolate microbes from the hospital environment to check the sensitivity against various antibiotics. For the isolation, aerosol-based air samples were taken by exposing sterile Petri plate at the OPD and general ward for about 10 minutes after that the plates were taken to the lab and incubated at 37oc for 24 hours. Pure cultures were obtained by sub culturing the isolates onto fresh sterile nutrient agar plates. The clinical isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity test by using Dodeca G- V Plus disk (Himedia). The isolates were identified on the basis of microscopic and VITEK 2 based identification. Total of four bacteria Kocuria kristinae, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pantoea spp. and Staphylococcus vitulinus were isolated that showed variation in antibiotic-resistant pattern.

scholarly journals The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement does not increase antibiotic resistance after primary total joint arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspar Tootsi ◽  
Victoria Heesen ◽  
Martin Lohrengel ◽  
Andreas Eugen Enz ◽  
Sebastian Illiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
International Multicenter Study

Abstract Purpose One of the preventive strategies for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Even though it is widely used, there are concerns about the development of antibacterial resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate whether using ALBC in primary TJA increases the antibiotic-resistant PJI. The hypothesis was that the regular use of ALBC does not increase the rate of resistant PJI. Methods Patients with confirmed PJI who had revision surgery from year 2010 to 2019 were included in this international multicenter study. The ALBC group was compared to the non-ALBC TJA group from the same time period. Medical records were used to collect clinical (age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities), TJA-related (type of operation, implant type and survival) and PJI-related (cultured microorganism, antibiogram) data. Resistance to gentamicin, clindamycin and vancomycin were recorded from the antibiograms. Multiple logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and account for the potential confounders. Results 218 patients with PJI were included in the study: 142 with gentamicin-loaded bone cement and 76 in the non-ALBC group. The average age in the ALBC group was 71 ± 10 years and 62 ± 12 years in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) were the most common (49%) isolated pathogens. The use of ALBC did not increase the rate of any resistant bacteria significantly (OR = 0.79 (0.42–1.48), p = 0.469). The presence of CONS was associated with higher risk of antibiotic resistance. Conclusions The current study demonstrates no increase in antibiotic resistance due to ALBC after primary TJA. Thus, the use of ALBC during primary TJA should not be feared in the context of antimicrobial resistance. Level of evidence III.

Relationship of antibiotic resistance to results of treatment in sepsis patients in Hue Central Hospital 2017 – 2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Nguyen ◽  
Trung Tien Phan ◽  
Trong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of

Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

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