scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Doctors and Nurses in Kenyatta National Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Mary Matsezi Keah ◽  
Yeri Kombe ◽  
Kenneth Ngure
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess factors influencing the uptake of cervical cancer screening among female doctors and nurses in Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya. To achieve this cross-sectional study was conducted in KNH between January 2019 and April 2020. Methodology: Stratified random sampling method was used to select 271 nurses and 39 doctors from a population of 1400 nurses and 301 doctors. Data was collected through a structured close ended questionnaire. Chi-square test of homogeneity was used to determine the association between cancer screening uptake and demographic factors. A multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationship between the determinants (factors) of uptake of cervical cancer screening that included availability of procedures, cost of procedures, time, the attitude of HCW, awareness of procedures, religion, age, culture, multiple sexual partners.   Results: Findings revealed that 97.5% (n = 272) are aware of cervical screening with most of the participants (95.3%, n = 266) indicating that they have been screened for cervical cancer before. PAP tests and HPV DNA tests were noted to be the most used screening methods. The majority of the participants (14.7%, n = 41) indicate that the major benefit of the cancer screening programs is enhanced early detection/ treatment/care, followed by general awareness on cervical cancer (35, 12.5%). Findings further revealed that the health workers who have ever heard about the vaccine were reported to have higher uptake of cervical cancer screening (Chi=32.158, p = .05, n =262). Conclusion: Our study identified that lack of adequate health infrastructure and resources is a well-recognized barrier to screening in Kenya.

scholarly journals The Clinical Role of HPV Testing in Primary and Secondary Cervical Cancer Screening

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hoste ◽  
K. Vossaert ◽  
W. A. J. Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Hpv Test

Traditional population-based cervical screening programs, based on cytology, have successfully reduced the burden of cervical cancer. Nevertheless limitations remain and new screening methods are emerging. Despite vaccination against the 2 most oncogenic types (HPV 16/18), cervical cancer screening will have to continue as an essential public health strategy. As the acquisition of an HR-HPV infection is critical in the progression to (pre-)cancerous cervical lesions, recent research has focused on HR-HPV detection. The sensitivity of HPV testing in primary and secondary prevention outweighs that of cytology, at the cost of slightly lower specificity. Although most of the HR-HPV infections are cleared after conization, new evidence from numerous studies encourages the implementation of HR-HPV testing and genotyping to improve posttreatment surveillance. An HR-HPV test 6 months after conization is a promising useful clinical marker to detect persistence and prevent progression. This review highlights the clinical role of HPV testing in primary and secondary cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Clinical validation of full genotyping CLART® HPV4S assay on SurePath and ThinPrep collected screening samples according to the International Guidelines for Human Papillomavirus Test Requirements for Cervical Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte Møller Ejegod ◽  
Camilla Lagheden ◽  
Ramya Bhatia ◽  
Helle Pedersen ◽  
Elia Alcañiz Boada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Test Requirements

Abstract Background To ensure the highest quality of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in primary cervical cancer screening, novel HPV assays must be evaluated in accordance with the international guidelines. Furthermore, HPV assay with genotyping capabilities are becoming increasingly important in triage of HPV positive women in primary HPV screening. Here we evaluate a full genotyping HPV assay intended for primary screening. Methods The CLART® HPV4S (CLART4S) assay is a newly developed full-genotyping assay detecting 14 oncogenic (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68) and two non-oncogenic HPV genotypes (6, 11). It was evaluated using SurePath and ThinPrep screening samples collected from the Danish and Swedish cervical cancer screening programs, respectively. For calculation of sensitivity, 81 SurePath and 80 ThinPrep samples with confirmed ≥CIN2 were assessed. For clinical specificity analysis, 1,184 SurePath and 1,169 ThinPrep samples from women with

scholarly journals Role of Protein Biomarkers in the Detection of High-Grade Disease in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Brown ◽  
Johnannes Bogers ◽  
Shaira Sahebali ◽  
Christophe E. Depuydt ◽  
Frans De Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Screening Programs

Since the Pap test was introduced in the 1940s, there has been an approximately 70% reduction in the incidence of squamous cell cervical cancers in many developed countries by the application of organized and opportunistic screening programs. The efficacy of the Pap test, however, is hampered by high interobserver variability and high false-negative and false-positive rates. The use of biomarkers has demonstrated the ability to overcome these issues, leading to improved positive predictive value of cervical screening results. In addition, the introduction of HPV primary screening programs will necessitate the use of a follow-up test with high specificity to triage the high number of HPV-positive tests. This paper will focus on protein biomarkers currently available for use in cervical cancer screening, which appear to improve the detection of women at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer, including Ki-67,p16INK4a, BD ProEx C, and Cytoactiv HPV L1.

scholarly journals Awareness of carcinoma cervix in nursing personnel of a tertiary care institute, Mumbai, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Pooja K. Bandekar ◽  
Prashant B. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Screening Programs

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cancer of women all over the world and commonest cancer among Indian women. Awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention low amongst Indian women. The Pap test is a simple cost-effective technique for screening to help early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Nursing staff should be made aware of cervical cancer, so that they can spread the knowledge to the general public. Objectives of present study were to assess the knowledge level regarding symptoms, risk factors, prevention and screening of cervical carcinoma among nursing staff and to find out the behaviour of respondents regarding prevention and screening of cervical carcinomaMethods: A cross-sectional interview-based survey regarding knowledge of cervical carcinoma was conducted among the nursing staff of a tertiary care institutes of Mumbai.A structured questionnaire with multiple choices was used as a tool for data collection. Provision for open-ended responses was also made in the questionnaire. 100 nurses participated in the current study. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel. SPSS statistical software was used to generate statistical parameters like proportion, mean, standard deviation, etc. The test of significance used was the Z test and a P value of <0.05 was considered as the level of significance.Results: We lack an organized opportunistic screening program for cervical cancer in India. Data indicates a slow, but steady, decline in the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the rates are still too high, particularly in the rural areas. It is extremely essential to screen eligible women when they come to health units for other services. Studies have shown it is possible to train nurses to screen for cervical cancer. Attitudes that screening is to be done by doctors or gynaecologists only needs to change. The survey revealed that the hospital played a limited role as a source of information on Pap smear. This calls for a re-orientation of nurses, paramedicals and health workers and a need for introduction of simpler cervical cancer screening methods such as visual inspections that are more sustainableConclusions: Awareness about cervical cancer has to be improved. Education of the nursing personel will strongly contribute to strengthen cervical cancer screening programs. Nursing staff can and should educate the masses to help increase health awareness in women.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Chrysostomou ◽  
Dora Stylianou ◽  
Anastasia Constantinidou ◽  
Leondios Kostrikis
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening Programs

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently occurring cancer in women around the world and can affect them during their reproductive years. Since the development of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, screening has been essential in identifying cervical cancer at a treatable stage. With the identification of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent of essentially all cervical cancer cases, HPV molecular screening tests and HPV vaccines for primary prevention against the virus have been developed. Accordingly, comparative studies were designed to assess the performance of cervical cancer screening methods in order to devise the best screening strategy possible. This review critically assesses the current cervical cancer screening methods as well as the implementation of HPV vaccination in Europe. The most recent European Guidelines and recommendations for organized population-based programs with HPV testing as the primary screening method are also presented. Lastly, the current landscape of cervical cancer screening programs is assessed for both European Union member states and some associated countries, in regard to the transition towards population-based screening programs with primary HPV testing.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Among College Students in Ghana: Knowledge and Health Beliefs

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Abotchie ◽  
Navkiran K. Shokar
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs

Background:Cervical cancer is the most incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women in Ghana. Currently, little is known about Ghanaian women's knowledge and beliefs about cervical cancer screening, yet this information is essential to the success of cervical cancer screening programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and beliefs of female university college students in Ghana.Methods:A cross-sectional survey among college women in a university in Ghana elicited information about sociodemographics, knowledge and beliefs, and acceptability of cervical cancer screening, screening history, and sexual history. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with screening.Results:One hundred forty women were recruited; the age range was 20 to 35 years. The prior Papanicolaou (Pap) screening rate was 12.0%. The women were unaware of local screening initiatives, and only 7.9% were aware of the link between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. The most prevalent barriers were lack of awareness that the purpose of Pap screening is to diagnose cancer, concerns about what others may think, and lack of information about how to obtain screening services. Although women perceived the benefits of screening, only about half perceived themselves to be at risk. Women received few screening cues. Three barriers were negatively associated with screening in bivariate analyses: lack of belief that cancer is diagnosed by cervical screening, belief that Pap test is painful, and belief that the test will take away virginity.Conclusion:New screening programs in Ghana should address these barriers and increase screening cues to the public.

scholarly journals Development of models for cervical cancer screening: construction in a cross-sectional population and validation in two screening cohorts in China

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeni Wu ◽  
Tingyuan Li ◽  
Yongli Han ◽  
Mingyue Jiang ◽  
Yanqin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Referral Rates ◽  
Hpv Genotyping ◽  
E6 Oncoprotein

Abstract Background Current methods for cervical cancer screening result in an increased number of referrals and unnecessary diagnostic procedures. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a more accurate model for cervical cancer screening. Methods Multiple predictors including age, cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA/mRNA, E6 oncoprotein, HPV genotyping, and p16/Ki-67 were used for model construction in a cross-sectional population including women with normal cervix (N = 1085), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, N = 279), and cervical cancer (N = 551) to predict CIN2+ or CIN3+. A base model using age, cytology, and hrHPV was calculated, and extended versions with additional biomarkers were considered. External validations in two screening cohorts with 3-year follow-up were further conducted (NCohort-I = 3179, NCohort-II = 3082). Results The base model increased the area under the curve (AUC, 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88–0.93) and reduced colposcopy referral rates (42.76%, 95% CI = 38.67–46.92) compared to hrHPV and cytology co-testing in the cross-sectional population (AUC 0.80, 95% CI = 0.79–0.82, referrals rates 61.62, 95% CI = 59.4–63.8) to predict CIN2+. The AUC further improved when HPV genotyping and/or E6 oncoprotein were included in the base model. External validation in two screening cohorts further demonstrated that our models had better clinical performances than routine screening methods, yielded AUCs of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.91–0.93) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.91–0.97) to predict CIN2+ and referrals rates of 17.55% (95% CI = 16.24–18.92) and 7.40% (95% CI = 6.50–8.38) in screening cohort I and II, respectively. Similar results were observed for CIN3+ prediction. Conclusions Compared to routine screening methods, our model using current cervical screening indicators can improve the clinical performance and reduce referral rates.

Factors influencing the participation of women in cervical cancer screening programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 5_2019 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Apolikhina I.A. Apolikhina ◽  
Bashirova L.K. Bashirova ◽  
Gasanova G.F. Gasanova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Participation Of Women

scholarly journals Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis of a Poorly Differentiated Cervical Carcinoma Caused by Human Papillomavirus Type 18

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Zorzato ◽  
Mattia Zambon ◽  
Silvia Gori ◽  
Helena Frayle ◽  
Maria Teresa Gervasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Cervical cancer is caused by a persistent infection with high-risk types of Papillomaviruses (hrHPV); HPV16 and HPV18 are associated with about 70% of the cases. In the last decades the introduction of a cervical cancer screening has allowed a decrease in cervical cancer incidence and mortality; regular adhesion to the screening procedures, by pap test or HPV test, and colposcopy, according to the international guidelines, prevents cancer development and allows for diagnosis at the early stages. Nowadays, in industrialized countries, it is not common to diagnose this pathology in advanced stages, and this occurrence is frequently associated with patient’s unattendance of cervical screening programs. We describe a case of delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer, posed only after the onset of the neurological symptoms caused by leptomeningeal metastases, despite a two-year history of abnormal cytology. The endocervical mass was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and search and typing of HPV sequences was performed by PCR in the meningeal carcinomatous cells. A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed, and HPV18 sequences were detected. This rapidly fatal case highlights the importance of following the evidence-based recommended protocols and the preventive role of the population-based cervical cancer screening programs.

Systematic review of cervical cancer prevalence and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Eleazar Ndabarora ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni ◽  
Clarte Ndikumasabo ◽  
Védaste Ngirinshuti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. There is evidence that early detection and early management of cases are the best strategies to prevent and control this health threat, since treatment of the later stages of the diseases are very expensive. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify and review studies on the prevalence of cervical cancer and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) to recommend further studies and interventions based on the findings of this review. Extensive literature search was conducted using the MeSH terms. Articles on cervical cancer and/or determinants of early detection which fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Although there are evidences that cervical cancer screening programs are practical and feasible even in resource-limited settings in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a very low uptake of cervical cancer screening and there are key factors that need to be addressed in order to make these programs established and effective.

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