scholarly journals Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis of a Poorly Differentiated Cervical Carcinoma Caused by Human Papillomavirus Type 18

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Zorzato ◽  
Mattia Zambon ◽  
Silvia Gori ◽  
Helena Frayle ◽  
Maria Teresa Gervasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Cervical cancer is caused by a persistent infection with high-risk types of Papillomaviruses (hrHPV); HPV16 and HPV18 are associated with about 70% of the cases. In the last decades the introduction of a cervical cancer screening has allowed a decrease in cervical cancer incidence and mortality; regular adhesion to the screening procedures, by pap test or HPV test, and colposcopy, according to the international guidelines, prevents cancer development and allows for diagnosis at the early stages. Nowadays, in industrialized countries, it is not common to diagnose this pathology in advanced stages, and this occurrence is frequently associated with patient’s unattendance of cervical screening programs. We describe a case of delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer, posed only after the onset of the neurological symptoms caused by leptomeningeal metastases, despite a two-year history of abnormal cytology. The endocervical mass was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and search and typing of HPV sequences was performed by PCR in the meningeal carcinomatous cells. A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed, and HPV18 sequences were detected. This rapidly fatal case highlights the importance of following the evidence-based recommended protocols and the preventive role of the population-based cervical cancer screening programs.

scholarly journals The Clinical Role of HPV Testing in Primary and Secondary Cervical Cancer Screening

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hoste ◽  
K. Vossaert ◽  
W. A. J. Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Hpv Test

Traditional population-based cervical screening programs, based on cytology, have successfully reduced the burden of cervical cancer. Nevertheless limitations remain and new screening methods are emerging. Despite vaccination against the 2 most oncogenic types (HPV 16/18), cervical cancer screening will have to continue as an essential public health strategy. As the acquisition of an HR-HPV infection is critical in the progression to (pre-)cancerous cervical lesions, recent research has focused on HR-HPV detection. The sensitivity of HPV testing in primary and secondary prevention outweighs that of cytology, at the cost of slightly lower specificity. Although most of the HR-HPV infections are cleared after conization, new evidence from numerous studies encourages the implementation of HR-HPV testing and genotyping to improve posttreatment surveillance. An HR-HPV test 6 months after conization is a promising useful clinical marker to detect persistence and prevent progression. This review highlights the clinical role of HPV testing in primary and secondary cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Role of Protein Biomarkers in the Detection of High-Grade Disease in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Brown ◽  
Johnannes Bogers ◽  
Shaira Sahebali ◽  
Christophe E. Depuydt ◽  
Frans De Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Screening Programs

Since the Pap test was introduced in the 1940s, there has been an approximately 70% reduction in the incidence of squamous cell cervical cancers in many developed countries by the application of organized and opportunistic screening programs. The efficacy of the Pap test, however, is hampered by high interobserver variability and high false-negative and false-positive rates. The use of biomarkers has demonstrated the ability to overcome these issues, leading to improved positive predictive value of cervical screening results. In addition, the introduction of HPV primary screening programs will necessitate the use of a follow-up test with high specificity to triage the high number of HPV-positive tests. This paper will focus on protein biomarkers currently available for use in cervical cancer screening, which appear to improve the detection of women at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer, including Ki-67,p16INK4a, BD ProEx C, and Cytoactiv HPV L1.

scholarly journals Equity in Cervical Cancer Screening in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016 Nationwide Steps Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozhin Amin ◽  
Ali-Asghar Kolahi ◽  
Nader Jahanmehr ◽  
Ali-Reza Abadi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background One of the most important concerns in every healthcare system is the achievement of equity in health. Studies have shown great socioeconomic and spatial disparity in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. This study aims to investigate equity in cervical cancer screening in Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Non-Communicable Risk Factors Survey in 2016 (STEPs 2016). Data on cervical cancer screening in addition to demographic and socioeconomic factors from 15975 women aged 18 and above were analyzed. Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used to assess the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with cervical cancer screening. Equity in screening was assessed by concentration index, and GIS analysis was used to show the provincial indices on the map of Iran. Results Overall, 41·6% of surveyed women in Iran had undergone cervical cancer screening in their lifetime. Participation rate in cervical cancer screening programs varied between provinces; ranging from 7.6% in Sistan and Baluchestan to 61.2% in Isfahan. Being single, living in rural areas, young age, having no education, and being uninsured were associated with lower participation. Concentration index showed pro-poor inequity for the country and across all provinces, indicating that cervical cancer screening services are less utilised by high income groups. GIS analysis demonstrated spatial disparity across provinces of Iran. Conclusions Equity and participation in cervical cancer screening in Iran requires improvement. For this to be achieved, new policies shall have a stronger emphasis on the lowest and the highest socioeconomic population groups, while current strategies have mostly affected the people with middle socioeconomic status.

What Has Changed Since the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Testing with the Cytology-Based Cervical Cancer Screening System in Japan A Social Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Hashiguchi ◽  
Yoshifumi Nakao ◽  
Atsuko Honda ◽  
Atsushi Kawaguchi ◽  
Katsuyuki Hanashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
City Government ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. In Japan, we have an apparently low rate of joining cervical cancer screening programs compared with Western countries. Furthermore, the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer among the younger generation has been increasing. Object: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology in Japan. Methods: Collaborating with Saga City government, we initiated a cervical cancer screening system consisting of HPV testing and baseline cervical cytology from April 2011 as a social experiment. A total of 17,284 participants have been screened with this new combination system. Results: After HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening, the number of screenings done in women aged under 40 years has significantly increased. In addition, the number of women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 has increased (25 of 14,025 vs. 146 of 23,049 under 50 years: p < 0.001). Conclusion: These data suggested that the introduction of HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening as an adjunct to conventional cytology resulted in better efficiency and more accurate screening among the Japanese population.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Among College Students in Ghana: Knowledge and Health Beliefs

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Abotchie ◽  
Navkiran K. Shokar
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs

Background:Cervical cancer is the most incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women in Ghana. Currently, little is known about Ghanaian women's knowledge and beliefs about cervical cancer screening, yet this information is essential to the success of cervical cancer screening programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and beliefs of female university college students in Ghana.Methods:A cross-sectional survey among college women in a university in Ghana elicited information about sociodemographics, knowledge and beliefs, and acceptability of cervical cancer screening, screening history, and sexual history. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with screening.Results:One hundred forty women were recruited; the age range was 20 to 35 years. The prior Papanicolaou (Pap) screening rate was 12.0%. The women were unaware of local screening initiatives, and only 7.9% were aware of the link between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. The most prevalent barriers were lack of awareness that the purpose of Pap screening is to diagnose cancer, concerns about what others may think, and lack of information about how to obtain screening services. Although women perceived the benefits of screening, only about half perceived themselves to be at risk. Women received few screening cues. Three barriers were negatively associated with screening in bivariate analyses: lack of belief that cancer is diagnosed by cervical screening, belief that Pap test is painful, and belief that the test will take away virginity.Conclusion:New screening programs in Ghana should address these barriers and increase screening cues to the public.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-reported hysterectomy among Canadian women, 2000/2001–2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stankiewicz ◽  
L Pogany ◽  
C Popadiuk
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background Hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures among Canadian women. The consequence is a population that no longer requires cervical cancer screening. The objective of our analysis was to provide more accurate estimates of eligible participation in cervical screening by estimating the age-specific prevalence of hysterectomy among Canadian women aged 20 to 69 by province and territory between 2000/2001 and 2008. Methods Self-reported hysterectomy prevalence was obtained from the 2000/2001, 2003 and 2008 Canadian Community Health Survey. Age-specific prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for Canada and provinces and territories for the three time periods. Results Interprovincial variations in hysterectomy prevalence were observed among women in each age group and time period. Among women aged 50 to 59, prevalence was as high as 35.1% (95% CI: 25.8–44.3) (p $lt; .01) in 2008 and appeared to decrease in all provinces from 2000/2001 to 2008. Conclusion Interprovincial and time period variation suggest that using hysterectomy prevalence to adjust the population eligible for cervical cancer screening may be helpful to inform more comparable screening participation rates. In addition, both cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates can be adjusted by hysterectomy to ensure estimates across time and provinces and territories are also comparable.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS BY «SELF SAMPLING»: A NEW MODEL OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Kovalyov ◽  
N. N. Voloshina ◽  
A. M. Riaboshapka ◽  
K. A. Kovalyov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract The article presents the advantages of screening cervical cancer based on the detection of oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus compare to traditional cytological screening using the PAP test. Self sampling using Aprovix's Qvintip tool (Sweden) allows to increase the percentage of women participating in national population screening programs, which will lead to an improvement in the incidence and mortality rates of the female population from cervical cancer. Keywords: cervical cancer screening, human papillomavirus, Self sampling method.

scholarly journals Clinical validation of full genotyping CLART® HPV4S assay on SurePath and ThinPrep collected screening samples according to the International Guidelines for Human Papillomavirus Test Requirements for Cervical Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte Møller Ejegod ◽  
Camilla Lagheden ◽  
Ramya Bhatia ◽  
Helle Pedersen ◽  
Elia Alcañiz Boada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Test Requirements

Abstract Background To ensure the highest quality of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in primary cervical cancer screening, novel HPV assays must be evaluated in accordance with the international guidelines. Furthermore, HPV assay with genotyping capabilities are becoming increasingly important in triage of HPV positive women in primary HPV screening. Here we evaluate a full genotyping HPV assay intended for primary screening. Methods The CLART® HPV4S (CLART4S) assay is a newly developed full-genotyping assay detecting 14 oncogenic (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68) and two non-oncogenic HPV genotypes (6, 11). It was evaluated using SurePath and ThinPrep screening samples collected from the Danish and Swedish cervical cancer screening programs, respectively. For calculation of sensitivity, 81 SurePath and 80 ThinPrep samples with confirmed ≥CIN2 were assessed. For clinical specificity analysis, 1,184 SurePath and 1,169 ThinPrep samples from women with

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Doctors and Nurses in Kenyatta National Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Mary Matsezi Keah ◽  
Yeri Kombe ◽  
Kenneth Ngure
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess factors influencing the uptake of cervical cancer screening among female doctors and nurses in Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya. To achieve this cross-sectional study was conducted in KNH between January 2019 and April 2020. Methodology: Stratified random sampling method was used to select 271 nurses and 39 doctors from a population of 1400 nurses and 301 doctors. Data was collected through a structured close ended questionnaire. Chi-square test of homogeneity was used to determine the association between cancer screening uptake and demographic factors. A multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationship between the determinants (factors) of uptake of cervical cancer screening that included availability of procedures, cost of procedures, time, the attitude of HCW, awareness of procedures, religion, age, culture, multiple sexual partners.   Results: Findings revealed that 97.5% (n = 272) are aware of cervical screening with most of the participants (95.3%, n = 266) indicating that they have been screened for cervical cancer before. PAP tests and HPV DNA tests were noted to be the most used screening methods. The majority of the participants (14.7%, n = 41) indicate that the major benefit of the cancer screening programs is enhanced early detection/ treatment/care, followed by general awareness on cervical cancer (35, 12.5%). Findings further revealed that the health workers who have ever heard about the vaccine were reported to have higher uptake of cervical cancer screening (Chi=32.158, p = .05, n =262). Conclusion: Our study identified that lack of adequate health infrastructure and resources is a well-recognized barrier to screening in Kenya.

Systematic review of cervical cancer prevalence and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Eleazar Ndabarora ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni ◽  
Clarte Ndikumasabo ◽  
Védaste Ngirinshuti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. There is evidence that early detection and early management of cases are the best strategies to prevent and control this health threat, since treatment of the later stages of the diseases are very expensive. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify and review studies on the prevalence of cervical cancer and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) to recommend further studies and interventions based on the findings of this review. Extensive literature search was conducted using the MeSH terms. Articles on cervical cancer and/or determinants of early detection which fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Although there are evidences that cervical cancer screening programs are practical and feasible even in resource-limited settings in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a very low uptake of cervical cancer screening and there are key factors that need to be addressed in order to make these programs established and effective.

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