scholarly journals GIS-Based Emergency Fire Response for Minimization of Fire Outbreaks in the Greater Accra Metropolis, Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Yeboah ◽  
Isaac Sarfo ◽  
Edward Kweku Nunoo ◽  
Vanessa Kudoh ◽  
Nii Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Gis Application ◽  
Fire Incident ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Fire Station ◽  
Fire Stations

The study report assessed the geographic distribution of existing fire stations in the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA). It further sought to evaluate the spatial coverage for each fire station under predefined sustainable response times. Information on fire stations and incidents, access to sources of water and settlements were purposively obtained and visualized in Arc Map 10.6 with the multiple buffer tools. GIS web application was developed to integrate reporters and fire stations within the AMA for an efficient and effective response to emergency cases related to fire outbreaks. Results suggest that GIS application is essential to fire management as it significantly improved response time to 15 minutes, reducing causalities as well as damaged properties if the strategy is adopted.  Results proved a response time of 15 minutes is feasible in the study area if the proposed strategy is adopted. The study presents this management system as one that could be easily be deployed to other stations across the country. The platform provides details on the location, the magnitude of the fire incident among other relevant details. This study would regulate and minimize risks associated with fire outbreaks which are often accompanied by both direct and indirect consequences and could facilitate early reporting using mobile collection devices.

scholarly journals Effects of Visual and Auditory Response Times in Males and Females by using Tactile and Mouse on Web Based Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6458-6464
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Auditory Response

The purpose of this research work is to find out whether one of visual response time or auditory response time is faster than another on web based environment. Simple reaction time can be strong when an individual is asked to press a button as soon as a light or sound appears. A tool for capturing response times is created. This tool is a web application www.responsetime.muhammadsuhaib.com that runs on server and can be accessed through internet. R is commonly used in countless scientific disciplines for statistical analysis. Collected data will be analyzed by using R. it is concluded that on web based environment visual response times are not different than auditory response time. The data are also classified by gender to compare male response time and female response time, data analyzed based on gender, on visual stimuli, male react faster than female. However, on auditory stimuli, there is no different between male and female

scholarly journals Multi-criteria site selection for fire services: the interaction with analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Erden ◽  
M. Z. Coşkun
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Average Response Time ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
Fire Brigade ◽  
Fire Station ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fire Stations

Abstract. This study combines AHP and GIS to provide decision makers with a model to ensure optimal site location(s) for fire stations selected. The roles of AHP and GIS in determining optimal locations are explained, criteria for site selection are outlined, and case study results for finding the optimal fire station locations in Istanbul, Turkey are included. The city of Istanbul has about 13 million residents and is the largest and most populated city in Turkey. The rapid and constant growth of Istanbul has resulted in the increased number of fire related cases. Fire incidents tend to increase year by year in parallel with city expansion, population and hazardous material facilities. Istanbul has seen a rise in reported fire incidents from 12 769 in 1994 to 30 089 in 2009 according to the interim report of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Department of Fire Brigade. The average response time was approximately 7 min 3 s in 2009. The goal of this study is to propose optimal sites for new fire station creation to allow the Fire Brigade in Istanbul to reduce the average response time to 5 min or less. After determining the necessity of suggesting additional fire stations, the following steps are taken into account: six criteria are considered in this analysis. They are: High Population Density (HPD); Proximity to Main Roads (PMR); Distance from Existing Fire Stations (DEF); Distance from Hazardous Material Facilities (DHM); Wooden Building Density (WBD); and Distance from the Areas Subjected to Earthquake Risk (DER). DHM criterion, with the weight of 40%, is the most important criterion in this analysis. The remaining criteria have a weight range from 9% to 16%. Moreover, the following steps are performed: representation of criterion map layers in GIS environment; classification of raster datasets; calculating the result raster map (suitability map for potential fire stations); and offering a model that supports decision makers in selecting fire station sites. The existing 35 fire stations are used and 17 fire stations are newly suggested in the study area.

scholarly journals Improving Ruby on Rails-Based Web Application Performance

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Denys Klochkov ◽  
Jan Mulawka
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Web Development ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Ruby On Rails

The evolution of web development and web applications has resulted in creation of numerous tools and frameworks that facilitate the development process. Even though those frameworks make web development faster and more efficient, there are certain downsides to using them. A decrease in application performance when using an “off the shelf” framework might be a crucial disadvantage, especially given the vital role web application response time plays in user experience. This contribution focuses on a particular framework—Ruby on Rails. Once the most popular framework, it has now lost its leading position, partially due to slow performance metrics and response times, especially in larger applications. Improving and expanding upon the previous work in this field, an attempt to improve the response time of a specially developed benchmark application is made. This is achieved by performing optimizations that can be roughly divided into two groups. The first group concerns the frontend improvements, which include: adopting the client-side rendering, JavaScript Document Object Model (DOM) manipulation and asynchronous requests. Another group can be described as the backend improvements, which include implementing intelligent, granular caching, disabling redundant modules, as well as profiling and optimizing database requests and reducing database access inefficiencies. Those improvements resulted in overall up to 74% decreased page loading times, with perceived application performance being improved above this mark due to the adoption of a client-side rendering strategy. Using the different metrics of application performance measurements, each of the improvement steps is evaluated with regards to its effect on different aspects of overall performance. In conclusion, this work presents a way to significantly decrease the response time of a particular Ruby on Rails application and simultaneously provide a better user experience. Even though the majority of this process is specific to Rails, similar steps can be taken to improve applications implemented with the use of other similar frameworks. As the result of the work, a groundwork is laid for the development of the tool that could assist the developers in improving their applications as well.

scholarly journals Minimizing Response Time with Optimal Fire Station Allocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon-Yeoul Oh ◽  
Amir Hessami ◽  
Hee Joong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Population Coverage ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Fire Station ◽  
Standard Response ◽  
Fire Stations

Quick response time in emergency situation is critical to protect human lives. In the fast-growing cities, fire departments can fall behind the standard response time due to cities’ expansion. This research focuses on ways to improve the response time of a city’s emergency situation. A Non-linear Programming model is used to determine the locations of fire stations, so that they can cover the maximum number of residents, in terms of the geographical area and population. The model is applied to the city of Kingsville, Texas to check the practicability. The results of the research indicate that optimized locations make population coverage increment up to 15% and geographic coverage increment up to 21% with two fire stations. With three fire stations including a newly added fire station, the population coverage goes up to 48% increment and the geographic coverage increased up to 71%, which covers 88% of total city population.

scholarly journals Stimulus-response time to invasive blood pressure alarms: implications for the safety of critical-care patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Kuckartz Pergher ◽  
Roberto Carlos Lyra da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
The City ◽  
Physical Layout

Observational, descriptive, exploratory, case study with the objective of measuring the stimulus-response time of the team to alarms monitoring invasive blood pressure (IBP) and analyzing the implications of this time for the safety of the patient. From January to March 2013, 60 hours of structured observation were conducted with registration of the alarms activated by IBP monitors in an adult ICU at a military hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. 76 IBP alarms were recorded (1.26 alarms/hour), 21 of which (28%) were attended to and 55 (72%) considered as fatigued. The average response time to the alarms was 2 min. 45 sec. The deficit in human resource and physical layout were factors determining the delay in response to the alarms. The increase in response times to these alarms may compromise the safety of patients with hemodynamic instability, especially in situations such as shock and the use of vasoactive drugs.

scholarly journals English Speakers’ Implicit Gender Concepts Influence Their Processing of French Grammatical Gender: Evidence for Semantically Mediated Cross-Linguistic Influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nicoladis ◽  
Chris Westbury ◽  
Cassandra Foursha-Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
First Language ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Word Embedding ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
French Words ◽  
L1 English ◽  
French Gender

Second language (L2) learners often show influence from their first language (L1) in all domains of language. This cross-linguistic influence could, in some cases, be mediated by semantics. The purpose of the present study was to test whether implicit English gender connotations affect L1 English speakers’ judgments of the L2 French gender of objects. We hypothesized that gender estimates derived from word embedding models that measure similarity of word contexts in English would affect accuracy and response time on grammatical gender (GG) decision in L2 French. L2 French learners were asked to identify the GG of French words estimated to be either congruent or incongruent with the implicit gender in English. The results showed that they were more accurate with words that were congruent with English gender connotations than words that were incongruent, suggesting that English gender connotations can influence grammatical judgments in French. Response times showed the same pattern. The results are consistent with semantics-mediated cross-linguistic influence.

scholarly journals GIS-analysis of ground transport accessibility of fire stations at regional scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Podolskaia ◽  
Dmitriy Ershov ◽  
Konstantin Kovganko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Fire Station ◽  
Fire Stations

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geospatial approaches are widely used to organize access and to manage the extinguishing of forest fires globally. Term “transport accessibility” is used in a variety of geographical and economic researches. Assessment of transport accessibility is directly related to the feasibility study to locate the fire stations in a particular region. Location analysis of objects relative to other objects, while taking into account various quantitative and qualitative parameters, is a classical problem solved by geoinformation systems.</p><p>Present research work is aimed to be used to improve the situation with forest fires in Russia where one of the main asset of operational regional firefighting in the forests is a fire-and-chemical (fire) station. Traditionally station placement is under the responsibility of Russian region to which stations are administratively subordinate. The location of fire station is determined taking into account the species structure of forests, natural fire danger, road infrastructure and some other factors. Irkutsk region, one of the territories with the constant perennial fire danger in the forests, was chosen as a test area.</p><p>Using this area as a typical example of regional extent, an analysis of fire stations placement then planning the ground movement of fire brigades from a station to the forest fire locations has been carried out. Previously obtained results to create the shortest routes within three-hour accessibility for the fire hazardous seasons 2002&amp;ndash;2017 are used. Russian regulatory documents of the forest industry are applied. Thus, topic of GIS analysis serves as a continuation of the study (http://cepl.rssi.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Podolskaya-E.S.-et.-al..pdf, in Russian) and various aspects of transportation problem are considered on the example of Irkutsk region.</p><p>We used the following input data: point layer of fire stations, road network (including roads of different classes and forest glades), and archive of forest fires detected using the spectroradiometer MODIS from the Aqua and Terra spacecraft. Additional data were collected from the open regional Internet sources. GIS analysis used ArcGIS ArcMap Desktop extensions such as Network Analyst, Spatial Analyst, and ArcGIS tools like ET GeoWizards (https://www.ian-ko.com/).</p><p>We have developed and have used a <i>forest fire transport model of ground access</i> by trucks for the Irkutsk region with the spatial arrangement of fire stations, two protection zones and road network. Speed of the forest fire trucks is classified into 5 groups, taking into account the official permissions and road class. Also every segment of road has its attributive data of speed “adjusted” by the elevation value of the ETopo2, an open-access model (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo2.html). Taking into consideration these relief data allows to decrease the vehicle’s speed in the mountainous conditions.</p><p>Based on the regional specifics and available data for a fire hazardous season, the following set of evaluation parameters was proposed, namely:</p><ul><li>Road network: roads existence, length, density, and configuration;</li><li>Spatial distribution of detected forest fires;</li><li>Territory of fire stations servicing.</li></ul><p>All the listed parameters are interconnected to each other and, in combination, jointly impact the stations ground transport accessibility assessment at the regional level. We have used GIS-analysis methods such as buffering, allocation, and density, as well as geographic and directional distribution. Time frame of analysis is the full fire hazardous season. Undertaken analysis for the forest fires detected within the ground protection zone (archive of 2002&amp;ndash;2017) has shown that the fire stations’ distribution was appropriate. The analysis was based on the assumption that stations had the same weight, geographical and transport location of the stations was reviewed in conjunction to the thematical forestry recommendations. To go further in the GIS analysis some characteristics (work force and technical resources) of the weighted stations could be added.</p><p>Additional factors of influence can be the location of protected areas with their specific access regime, seasonality of road use, forest fire zoning, forestry boundaries, economic criteria, placement of fire stations in the populated area, etc. It is advisable to conduct a fire stations placement analysis as a preparation event before and after the end of the fire-hazardous season to summarize the effectiveness of actions to extinguish forest fires in the region. Practical results of the study can be used as well to prepare the regional forestry development programs and plans.</p>

scholarly journals Glacier volume response time and its links to climate and topography based on a conceptual model of glacier hypsometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. B. Raper ◽  
R. J. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Scaling Relation ◽  
Ablation Volume ◽  
Glacier Terminus ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Simple Ratio

Abstract. Glacier volume response time is a measure of the time taken for a glacier to adjust its geometry to a climate change. It is currently believed that the volume response time is given approximately by the ratio of glacier thickness to ablation at the glacier terminus. We propose a new conceptual model of glacier hypsometry (area-altitude relation) and derive the volume response time where climatic and topographic parameters are separated. The former is expressed by mass balance gradients which we derive from glacier-climate modelling and the latter are quantified with data from the World Glacier Inventory. Aside from the well-known scaling relation between glacier volume and area, we establish a new scaling relation between glacier altitude range and area, and evaluate it for seven regions. The presence of this scaling parameter in our response time formula accounts for the mass balance elevation feedback and leads to longer response times than given by the simple ratio of glacier thickness to ablation. Volume response times range from decades to thousands of years for glaciers in maritime (wet-warm) and continental (dry-cold) climates, respectively. The combined effect of volume-area and altitude-area scaling relations is such that volume response time can increase with glacier area (Axel Heiberg Island and Svalbard), hardly change (Northern Scandinavia, Southern Norway and the Alps) or even get smaller (The Caucasus and New Zealand).

scholarly journals A High-Stakes Approach to Response Time Effort in Low-Stakes Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-586
Author(s):  
Munevver Ilgun
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Accelerated Failure Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
Accelerated Failure Time Models

<p style="text-align: justify;">Response times are one of the important sources that provide information about the performance of individuals during a test process. The main purpose of this study is to show that survival models can be used in educational data. Accordingly, data sets of items measuring literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills of the countries participating in Round 3 of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies were used. Accelerated failure time models have been analyzed for each country and domain.  As a result of the analysis of the models in which various covariates are included as independent variables, and response time for giving correct answers is included as a dependent variable, it was found the associations between the covariates and response time for giving correct answers were concluded to vary from one domain to another or from one country to another. The results obtained from the present study have provided the educational stakeholders and practitioners with valuable information.</p>

scholarly journals Response Time Distribution Analysis of Semantic and Response Interference in a Manual Response Stroop Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Hasshim ◽  
Michelle Downes ◽  
Sarah Bate ◽  
Benjamin A. Parris
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Response Time Distribution ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Response Interference

Abstract. Previous analyses of response time distributions have shown that the Stroop effect is observed in the mode (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of the normal part of the distribution, as well as its tail (τ). Specifically, interference related to semantic and response processes has been suggested to specifically affect the mode and tail, respectively. However, only one study in the literature has directly manipulated semantic interference, and none manipulating response interference. The present research aims to address this gap by manipulating both semantic and response interference in a manual response Stroop task, and examining how these components of Stroop interference affect the response time distribution. Ex-Gaussian analysis showed both semantic and response conflict to only affect τ. Analyzing the distribution by rank-ordered response times (Vincentizing) showed converging results as the magnitude of both semantic and response conflict increased with slower response times. Additionally, response conflict appeared earlier on the distribution compared to semantic conflict. These findings further highlight the difficulty in attributing specific psychological processes to different parameters (i.e., μ, σ, and τ). The effect of different response modalities on the makeup of Stroop interference is also discussed.

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