Full-scale Fire Suppression Tests to Analyze the Effectiveness of Existing Lithium-ion Battery Fire Response Procedures for Electric Vehicle Fires

The number of registered eco-friendly vehicles has exceeded a million, and their market share has expanded. In this study, the effectiveness of existing fire response procedures for lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in eco-friendly vehicles, was investigated by using water-based extinguishing agents, fire blankets, and flood barriers. Water, wetting agents, and foaming agents were sprayed on the underside of battery packs. A temperature decrease rate of ~0.08 ℃ was measured, and no significant difference was observed between the extinguishing agents. Continuous thermal runaway occurred when a fire blanket was applied, and the temperature inside the damaged battery pack rapidly decreased after water permeated its cracks. Quantitative analysis of fire suppression methods can provide information toward the development of practical fire incident response plans for electric vehicles.

Medical Support for California Wildfire Response

Wildfires have become a regular seasonal disaster across the Western region of the United States. Wildfires require a multifaceted disaster response. In addition to fire suppression, there are public health and medical needs for responders and the general population in the path of the fire, as well as a much larger population impacted by smoke. This paper describes key aspects of the health and medical response to wildfires in California, including facility evacuation and shelter medical support, with emphasis on the organization, coordination, and management of medical teams deployed to fire incident base camps. This provides 1 model of medical support and references resources to help other jurisdictions that must respond to the rising incidence of large wildland fires.

APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY ON BUILDING FIRE USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION METHOD BASED ON ANDROID

Fire and Rescue Service is an agency to handles fire problems, i.e building fires. Fire and Rescue Service of Pekanbaru is an agency to handles fire problems in Pekanbaru where the service receives information about a fire incident quickly and responsively. Fire incidents can occur anywhere, in any location, both easy or difficult access, but the Firfighter Team must be prepared in every conditions. The problem is that not all fire incidents occur in easy access places by firefighters. The incidents sometimes occur in difficult places to reach and unknown location, firefighter have to use maps to find the location. It will be wasting time to find unknown location and took a long time to arrive. The solution of this problem is to build an android-based application that can be used as a fire incident report, which is connected in one application, so residents can report through an application automatically provides the coordinates of incident. The application of Ant Colony Optimization method in finding fire locations makes it easier to hasten in searching fire locations and can be used by the public in reporting fires to Fire and Rescue Service of Pekanbaru to be processed quickly.

Fire Incident Statistics in the Tamale Metropolitan Area in the Northern Region of Ghana: A Retrospective Study

The effect of a fire disaster is greater in developing countries due to inadequate 'firefighting preventive and support systems. There is therefore the need to analyze fire incident data to enable better fire safety and prevention strategies. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study from January to June 2021. In all, 130 fire incident reports from 2017 to 2020 were collected. The data, consisting of 32 variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression. It was observed that fire incidents due to electrical causes (53.9%), occurring in residential buildings (55.4%), and in the dry season (57.7%) were the most common. Fires due to nonelectrical causes were less likely to spread compared to fires due to electrical causes [AOR: 0.465(95%CI:0.221-0.977)]. Also, the likelihood of a fire spreading in the wet season was reduced, compared to the dry season [AOR: 0.341(95%CI:0.118-0.988)]. Moreover, apartment house’s fires were less likely to spread as compared to compound house's' fires [AOR: 0.341(95%CI:0.118-0.988)]. The source of energy, the design of a building and the climatic conditions are associated with fire incidents in the study area. These findings will serve as guidelines for fire safety and prevention strategies in the Tamale metropolitan area.

A Study on the Analysis of Vertical Walking Speed Considering the Confluence of Occupants in the Stairwell of a High-rise Building

In a fire incident case in a modern high-rise complex building, most occupants use the stairs to evacuate; hence, it is critical to secure the safety of vertical escape routes, such as the stairs. However, in Korea, the size of the stairwell is stipulated as a universal standard, and there are insufficient regulations and studies on the behavioral characteristics of occupants that may occur during the vertical evacuation of buildings. Therefore, in the evacuation experiment conducted at the W University in Japan, the relationship between the density and velocity of the occupants and the flow coefficient were analyzed during merging in the stairwell to derive a regression equation. When the stair width acted as a variable, the behavioral characteristics of the occupants and the evacuation time inside the stairwell were analyzed to obtain the basic data for improving the evacuation safety in the stairwell.

EVALUASI KEJADIAN KEBAKARAN TAHUN 2019 DI KPH KAYU TANGI RPH PENGARON HUTAN LINDUNG LIANG ANGGANG

The aim of the study was to evaluate the fire incident at 2019 and identify the fuel charge in the Tangi wood RPH KPH from Liang Anggang Forest Reserve. The research location is conducted with the purpose of sampling at 5 points that occur fire incidents and in each tile a fire event created triangular plot made with 3 sizes 30 x 30 x 30 m, 10 x 10 x 10 m, and 1 x 1 m2 systematically. The fire incident was found at five research locations in the area of Liang Anggang protected Forest, consisting of 4 blocks I and 1 region in the Block II area. Plots 1, 2, 4, and 5 have been performed and the fire area is only in the most severe plots, while in the tile 3 the incidence area is very severe because no blackout activities are carried out there. The lost fuel load on block I and Block II in the 2019 is severe and can be categorized in high weather warnings even reaching extreme so that fire prone to fire occurs.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kejadian kebakaran tahun 2019 dan mengidentifikasi muatan bahan bakar di KPH Kayu Tangi RPH Pengaron Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada 5 titik yang terjadi kejadian kebakaran dan pada masing-masing petak kejadian kebakaran dibuat plot segitiga yang dibuat dengan 3 ukuran yaitu 30 x 30 x 30 m, 10 x 10 x 10 m, dan 1 x 1 m2 secara sistematis. Kejadian kebakaran ditemukan pada lima lokasi penelitian di areal Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang, yang terdiri dari 4 di wilayah blok I dan 1 di wilayah blok II. Petak 1, 2, 4, dan 5 telah dilakukan pemadaman dan luasan kejadian kebakaran pun hanya pada petak 2 yang paling parah, sedangkan pada petak 3 areal kebakarannya sangatlah parah dikarenakan tidak ada kegiatan pemadaman yang dilakukan disana. Muatan bahan bakar yang hilang pada blok I dan blok II pada tahun 2019 sangatlah parah dan bisa dikategorikan dalam rambu pengukuran cuaca adalah tinggi bahkan mencapai ekstrim sehingga rawan terjadi kebakaran.