scholarly journals Effect of Gender and Risk Factors in Complications of Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus among Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic in Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Chukwuma J. Okafor ◽  
Said A. Yusuf ◽  
Salma A. Mahmoud ◽  
Salum S. Salum ◽  
Sonia C. Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Diabetes type 2 (T2D) had caused the loss of millions of lives all over the world. About 50% of the patients with T2D die because of cardiovascular disease (CVD), primarily myocardial infarction and stroke. Many of the leading risk factors for CVD coexist and act synergistically to increase cardiovascular events. The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, patterns, and certain predictive factors in the complications of T2D patients attending diabetic clinics at Mnazi Mmoja hospital. A total of 138 respondents made up of 58 females and 80 males within the age brackets of 30-40, 41-50, 51 – 60, and 61 above were recruited for this study. Data were analysed and interpreted based on certain predictive factors and variables, including smoking, alcohol, excessive salt intake, lipid intake, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, and hypertension, on how they relate to the development of complications of type 2 diabetes. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to compare the levels of significances. Probability values of less or equal to 0.05 were accepted to be significant. The combination of salt intake, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, and lipid intake was the commonest risk factor for developing complications of T2D. However, alcohol and cigarette smoking had the most negligible impact on developing complications in T2D. The result also shows the patients between the age bracket of 30 and 40 have more risk factors for developing complications. The result showed no gender difference in the number of risk factors. There was a statistically significant association between some of the risk factors (smoking, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, and salt intake) and the gender of respondents (p<0.05). Males smoked (43.8%) and consumed alcohol (32.5%) than females, while females were prone to a sedentary lifestyle (63.8%) and consume salt (82.8%) than males. On the other hand, this research showed that the significant complication for both males and females are numbness, pain sensation, and dry skin (diabetic neuropathy). Gender and certain predictive risk factors like salt intake, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of diabetes, and lipid intake are fundamental parameters to be tackled to reduce the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a greater need now for awareness of the risk factors through effective health promotion in Zanzibar. Also, secondary prevention through regular screening, early detection, and appropriate treatment of chronic complications could reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Local Population of Lahore, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sana Arshad ◽  
Sania Tahir ◽  
Bilal Tahir ◽  
Nazia Tahir ◽  
Tahir Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst the people of Pakistan. In 2015, 7 million people had diabetes and the number is still on raise. Family history of diabetes, high body mass index, and other sociodemographic factors are the risk factors of diabetes. Persistent exposure to excessive glucose may be a reason behind diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy and gestational diabetes mellitus.METHODS: For the evaluation of laboratory parameters, 600 blood samples were collected at Akhuwat Diabetic Centre and from Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Demographic data of the participants was collected by filling a questionnaire. Lipid profile, liver enzymes, and renal function tests were performed and statistical analysis was done.RESULTS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus among other types is the most prevalent form of diabetes in our population. Family history of diabetes (p=0.002), Body Mass Index (&gt;25) p&lt;0.001, high cholesterol (p=0.04), high triglyceride p&lt;0.001, high LDL p&lt;0.001 and low HDL p&lt;0.001 are significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes. Hypertension among the other comorbidities is more common in diabetic patients.CONCLUSION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is highly prevalent in the local population. Improved lifestyle and proper medical monitoring can help to manage diabetes in our population.

The Presence of Family History and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors in Rural Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Howell Adams ◽  
Carol Ann Barnett Lammon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
School Health ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Health Fairs ◽  
History Of

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is reaching epidemic proportions among children and adolescents. School health fairs offer an opportunity to identify children with risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study identified selected risk factors (i.e., high-risk racial/ethnic group, obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated casual blood glucose, elevated total cholesterol, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans) for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural children with or without a family history of diabetes during annual school health fairs. Of the children screened, 40% (673) presented with two or more of the identified risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The presence of multiple risk factors in participants reporting a positive family history of diabetes mellitus versus those with no family history was not statistically significant. Based on the study results, factors other than family history may be more predictive for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural school children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal Region of Central India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4708
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Subramani ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Meerambika Mishra ◽  
Umamaheswari Pakkirisamy ◽  
Prakesh Mathiyalagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Gwalior-Chambal region of India. Methods: A cross-sectional house-to-house survey was conducted on a population of 7608 subjects, aged between 20 and 79 years for fasting blood glucose level in finger-prick blood. Participants were stratified based on blood glucose levels, gender, age, family history, etc. to assess their impact. Result: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region was found to be 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in the urban population (12.7%) while that of prediabetes was higher in the rural population (7.9%). Male subjects recorded a higher prevalence of prediabetes (8.2%, OR 1.54 in rural; 5.1%, OR 1.26 in urban) as well as diabetes (rural 9.2%, OR 3.15; urban 16.5%, OR 1.57). Both prediabetes and diabetes were recorded as being higher in those subjects leading a sedentary lifestyle and in the aged population. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was much higher in those with a family history of type 2 diabetes (30.6% in rural, 21.5% in urban). Almost half of the diabetics in the rural population were diagnosed for the first time. The multivariate regression analysis identified male gender, increasing age of 30 years and above, and positive family history as significant risk factors for diabetes whereas age of 40 to 79 and less physical activity were significant risk factors for prediabetes. Conclusion: Family history of diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle appeared as key factors promoting prediabetes and diabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region. A lack of awareness appeared as one of the major causes of the high prevalence in the rural region.

scholarly journals Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
T Jaja ◽  
IE Yarhere
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) in children and adolescents is on the increase, therefore, prevention and early detection are important.Objective: To assess for easily identifiable risk factors (overweight/obesity, hypertension, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and family history of diabetes) for T2DM in adolescents in public secondary schoolsResult: Eight hundred and eighty adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were screened and 124(14.1%) were overweight/obese. 457 (51.9%) of students had none of the risk factors while 272(30.9%) had at least one risk factor. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria for identification of those at risk for T2DM, 21(2.4%) were identified. The frequency of presence of risk factors was more in females (3.3%), mid adolescent age group (3.1%) and those with positive family history of diabetes. These findings were however not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant association between presence of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose and risk factor for type 2 DM.Conclusion: The significant risk factors identified in this study were prehypertension/hypertension and impaired fasting blood glucose.Key words: Adolescence, Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals Differing Contributions of Classical Risk Factors to Type 2 Diabetes in Multi-Ethnic Malaysian Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2813
Author(s):  
Noraidatulakma Abdullah ◽  
Nor Abdul Murad ◽  
John Attia ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
Mohd Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is escalating rapidly in Asian countries, with the rapid increase likely attributable to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Recent research suggests that common genetic risk variants contribute minimally to the rapidly rising prevalence. Rather, recent changes in dietary patterns and physical activity may be more important. This nested case-control study assessed the association and predictive utility of type 2 diabetes lifestyle risk factors in participants from Malaysia, an understudied Asian population with comparatively high disease prevalence. The study sample comprised 4077 participants from The Malaysian Cohort project and included sub-samples from the three major ancestral groups: Malay (n = 1323), Chinese (n = 1344) and Indian (n = 1410). Association of lifestyle factors with type 2 diabetes was assessed within and across ancestral groups using logistic regression. Predictive utility was quantified and compared between groups using the Area Under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). In predictive models including age, gender, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, location, family history of diabetes and average sleep duration, the AUC ranged from 0.76 to 0.85 across groups and was significantly higher in Chinese than Malays or Indians, likely reflecting anthropometric differences. This study suggests that obesity, advancing age, a family history of diabetes and living in a rural area are important drivers of the escalating prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus type 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Zivanovic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Marina Stamenkovic-Radak ◽  
Jelena Milasin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of risk factors for developing diabetes type 2 among diabetic individuals and to compare the presence of risk factors among diabetic individuals with and without positive family history for type 2 diabetes. Material and methods This study was conducted in Cuprija during the period from February to June 2002. The case group included 137 individuals having diagnosis type 2 diabetes. The control group included 129 subjects having the following diagnoses: hypertension, angina pectoris, chronic obstructive lung disease, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. All participants were interviewed at the Medical Center Cuprija using structural questionnaire. The data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, exposure to various chemical and physical agents, stress, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes. In the statistical analysis chi square test was used. Results The diabetic individuals were statistically significantly older (40 and more years old) (p=0,000), and they came from rural areas more frequently (p=0,006) than the individuals without diabetes. Significantly more diabetics had lower educational level (p=0,000) and they were agriculture workers and housewives significantly more frequently (p=0,000) than nondiabetic individuals. Furthermore, obesity (p=0,000) and physical inactivity (p=0,003) were significantly more frequent among the diabetic individuals than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals had significanly (p=0,000) more numbers of relatives with diabetes mellitus type 2 than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals with positive family history of diabetes were significantly older (p=0,021) and more frequently from urban areas (p=0,018) than the diabetic individuals without the positive family history of diabetes. Also they were significantly less exposed to physical agents (p=0,004). Discussion In our study, like in many others, age, place of residence, education, occupation, obesity, physical inactivity, positive family history of diabetes type 2 and exposure to physical agents were identified as potential risk factors for diabetes type 2. Conclusion Different risk factors are probably responsible for developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with and without positive family history of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Lina Radzevičienė ◽  
Rytas Ostrauskas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

The aim of the study was to determine the association between coffee consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. A case-control study included 234 cases with newly confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 468 controls who were free of the disease in 2001. Cases and controls were matched by gender and age (±5 years). Data on age, education level, occupation status, marital status, family history of diabetes, lifestyle (dietary habits, smoking habits, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity), and stress were collected via a questionnaire. Variables were retained in models as confounders when their inclusion changed the value of the OR by more than 10% in any exposure category. Conditional logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P for trend was used. Results. After adjustment for possible confounders (family history of diabetes, body mass index, eating speed, morning exercise, cigarette smoking, years of education, and stress), a statistically significant relationship was observed between type 2 diabetes mellitus and coffee consumption. Individuals consuming four or more cups of coffee per day were at lower risk of 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.27–0.97) compared to those who consumed one or less than one cup of coffee per day. Conclusion. Habitual coffee consumption of four or more cups per day might be related to the lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The related risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chu Chiu ◽  
Tien-Lung Tsai ◽  
Meiyin Su ◽  
Tsan Yang ◽  
Peng-Lin Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) caused by small vessel disease was the main cause of blindness in person with diabetes, and it mainly occurred in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taiwan was one of the Asian countries with the highest prevalence rate of DR, there were only few studies for the risk of DR in patients with T2DM in Taiwan. According to some studies have shown DR was a major cause of blindness on elderly both in developed and other developing countries. The purpose was to investigate the related risk factors of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: During July 2010 to December 2017, 4010 T2DM patients without DR were preselected for this study, but 792 patients completed the continuously follow-up evaluation. Patients were invited to have an outpatient visit at least every three months, and they were asked to fill out a brief questionnaire and collect their blood samples. Additionally, statistical methods used independent sample T-test, Chi-square tests and logistic regression in univariate analysis to analyze the relationships between onset DR and each related factor; and finally the optimal multivariate logistic regression model would be determined by stepwise model selection. Results: Of the 792 effective samples, 611 patients (77.1%) progressed to DR and 181 patients (22.9%) did not get DR during the follow-up period. According to the results, the significant factors were women (OR, 2.20; 95%CI, 1.52-3.17), longer diabetic duration (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), family history of diabetes (OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-2.21), higher concentration glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.44), higher mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR, 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), and chewing betel nut (OR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.41-5.77). Conclusions: This prospective cohort study showed that gender, behavior of chewing betel nut, diabetic duration, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, and LDL-c, were important factors for the development of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. It suggested that those patients should well control their HbA1c and LDL-c and quit chewing betel nut to prevent from DR, especially for female patients with family history of diabetes and longer duration of diabetes.

scholarly journals Diabetes onset before age 40: more and more often it is type 2 diabetes

ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Viola Sanga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
History Of

An increase in the appearance of diabetes mellitus at young age is observed, and not necessarily type 1 diabetes is involced. We report the case of a 35-year-old patient, with a family history of diabetes, with type 2 diabetes at onset (Diabetology).

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