scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal Region of Central India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4708
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Subramani ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Meerambika Mishra ◽  
Umamaheswari Pakkirisamy ◽  
Prakesh Mathiyalagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Gwalior-Chambal region of India. Methods: A cross-sectional house-to-house survey was conducted on a population of 7608 subjects, aged between 20 and 79 years for fasting blood glucose level in finger-prick blood. Participants were stratified based on blood glucose levels, gender, age, family history, etc. to assess their impact. Result: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region was found to be 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in the urban population (12.7%) while that of prediabetes was higher in the rural population (7.9%). Male subjects recorded a higher prevalence of prediabetes (8.2%, OR 1.54 in rural; 5.1%, OR 1.26 in urban) as well as diabetes (rural 9.2%, OR 3.15; urban 16.5%, OR 1.57). Both prediabetes and diabetes were recorded as being higher in those subjects leading a sedentary lifestyle and in the aged population. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was much higher in those with a family history of type 2 diabetes (30.6% in rural, 21.5% in urban). Almost half of the diabetics in the rural population were diagnosed for the first time. The multivariate regression analysis identified male gender, increasing age of 30 years and above, and positive family history as significant risk factors for diabetes whereas age of 40 to 79 and less physical activity were significant risk factors for prediabetes. Conclusion: Family history of diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle appeared as key factors promoting prediabetes and diabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region. A lack of awareness appeared as one of the major causes of the high prevalence in the rural region.

scholarly journals Effect of Gender and Risk Factors in Complications of Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus among Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic in Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Chukwuma J. Okafor ◽  
Said A. Yusuf ◽  
Salma A. Mahmoud ◽  
Salum S. Salum ◽  
Sonia C. Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Diabetes type 2 (T2D) had caused the loss of millions of lives all over the world. About 50% of the patients with T2D die because of cardiovascular disease (CVD), primarily myocardial infarction and stroke. Many of the leading risk factors for CVD coexist and act synergistically to increase cardiovascular events. The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, patterns, and certain predictive factors in the complications of T2D patients attending diabetic clinics at Mnazi Mmoja hospital. A total of 138 respondents made up of 58 females and 80 males within the age brackets of 30-40, 41-50, 51 – 60, and 61 above were recruited for this study. Data were analysed and interpreted based on certain predictive factors and variables, including smoking, alcohol, excessive salt intake, lipid intake, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, and hypertension, on how they relate to the development of complications of type 2 diabetes. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to compare the levels of significances. Probability values of less or equal to 0.05 were accepted to be significant. The combination of salt intake, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, and lipid intake was the commonest risk factor for developing complications of T2D. However, alcohol and cigarette smoking had the most negligible impact on developing complications in T2D. The result also shows the patients between the age bracket of 30 and 40 have more risk factors for developing complications. The result showed no gender difference in the number of risk factors. There was a statistically significant association between some of the risk factors (smoking, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, and salt intake) and the gender of respondents (p<0.05). Males smoked (43.8%) and consumed alcohol (32.5%) than females, while females were prone to a sedentary lifestyle (63.8%) and consume salt (82.8%) than males. On the other hand, this research showed that the significant complication for both males and females are numbness, pain sensation, and dry skin (diabetic neuropathy). Gender and certain predictive risk factors like salt intake, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of diabetes, and lipid intake are fundamental parameters to be tackled to reduce the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a greater need now for awareness of the risk factors through effective health promotion in Zanzibar. Also, secondary prevention through regular screening, early detection, and appropriate treatment of chronic complications could reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Differing Contributions of Classical Risk Factors to Type 2 Diabetes in Multi-Ethnic Malaysian Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2813
Author(s):  
Noraidatulakma Abdullah ◽  
Nor Abdul Murad ◽  
John Attia ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
Mohd Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is escalating rapidly in Asian countries, with the rapid increase likely attributable to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Recent research suggests that common genetic risk variants contribute minimally to the rapidly rising prevalence. Rather, recent changes in dietary patterns and physical activity may be more important. This nested case-control study assessed the association and predictive utility of type 2 diabetes lifestyle risk factors in participants from Malaysia, an understudied Asian population with comparatively high disease prevalence. The study sample comprised 4077 participants from The Malaysian Cohort project and included sub-samples from the three major ancestral groups: Malay (n = 1323), Chinese (n = 1344) and Indian (n = 1410). Association of lifestyle factors with type 2 diabetes was assessed within and across ancestral groups using logistic regression. Predictive utility was quantified and compared between groups using the Area Under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). In predictive models including age, gender, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, location, family history of diabetes and average sleep duration, the AUC ranged from 0.76 to 0.85 across groups and was significantly higher in Chinese than Malays or Indians, likely reflecting anthropometric differences. This study suggests that obesity, advancing age, a family history of diabetes and living in a rural area are important drivers of the escalating prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus type 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Zivanovic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Marina Stamenkovic-Radak ◽  
Jelena Milasin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of risk factors for developing diabetes type 2 among diabetic individuals and to compare the presence of risk factors among diabetic individuals with and without positive family history for type 2 diabetes. Material and methods This study was conducted in Cuprija during the period from February to June 2002. The case group included 137 individuals having diagnosis type 2 diabetes. The control group included 129 subjects having the following diagnoses: hypertension, angina pectoris, chronic obstructive lung disease, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. All participants were interviewed at the Medical Center Cuprija using structural questionnaire. The data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, exposure to various chemical and physical agents, stress, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes. In the statistical analysis chi square test was used. Results The diabetic individuals were statistically significantly older (40 and more years old) (p=0,000), and they came from rural areas more frequently (p=0,006) than the individuals without diabetes. Significantly more diabetics had lower educational level (p=0,000) and they were agriculture workers and housewives significantly more frequently (p=0,000) than nondiabetic individuals. Furthermore, obesity (p=0,000) and physical inactivity (p=0,003) were significantly more frequent among the diabetic individuals than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals had significanly (p=0,000) more numbers of relatives with diabetes mellitus type 2 than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals with positive family history of diabetes were significantly older (p=0,021) and more frequently from urban areas (p=0,018) than the diabetic individuals without the positive family history of diabetes. Also they were significantly less exposed to physical agents (p=0,004). Discussion In our study, like in many others, age, place of residence, education, occupation, obesity, physical inactivity, positive family history of diabetes type 2 and exposure to physical agents were identified as potential risk factors for diabetes type 2. Conclusion Different risk factors are probably responsible for developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with and without positive family history of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The E23K variant in the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel does not augment impaired glucose tolerance in Caribbean subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidum Ezenwaka ◽  
Risha Kalloo ◽  
Mathias Uhlig ◽  
Robert Schwenk ◽  
Juergen Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
History Of

The E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Caucasian subjects. Because offspring of type 2 diabetic patients have a genetically increased risk of developing diabetes, we sought to identify the E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene in offspring of Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes and assess the contribution of this variant to impaired glucose tolerance in these subjects. Forty-six offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 apparently healthy subjects whose immediate parents were not diabetic (‘control’) were studied after an overnight fast. Anthropometric indices were measured and blood samples were collected. Fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were subsequently determined. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment technique. The offspring and control subjects had similar frequencies of the E23K polymorphism (52.6 vs 45.5%, P>0.05) and the frequency of the E23K variant did not differ significantly between gender and ethnic distributions, irrespectively of a family history of diabetes (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in biochemical risk factors for developing diabetes in offspring carriers of the E23K variant compared with offspring non-carriers of the mutation. Offspring with the E23K mutation had even significantly higher 2 h insulin concentrations when compared with control subjects. It is concluded that the presence of the Kir6.2 E23K genotype in Caribbean subjects with an immediate positive family history of diabetes does not confer significantly higher levels of biochemical risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pre-diabetes in adolescents aged 11-17 years with high risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuppan Balamurugan ◽  
Rajangam Ponprabha ◽  
Veeramani Sivashankari
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Background: Obesity is a rising global epidemic in children which leads to pre-diabetes and overt diabetes. Identification at early stage helps in early intervention. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence of pre-diabetes in urban school going adolescents aged 11-17 years with high risk factors.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Chennai, India between December 2011 and November 2012. Overweight or obese adolescents in the age group 11-17 years, either with family history of diabetes or acanthosis nigricans or both were included. After obtaining informed consent from parents, history was obtained in pre-tested questionnaire.Results: 148 adolescents were enrolled in the study (n=148), 71.62% were females, mean weight was 59.54±10.44 kg, mean height was 150.92±8.62 cm, mean BMI was 26.19±3.23 and mean blood glucose was 82.1 mg/dl. 60.81% of subjects were overweight and others obese. Girls had statistically significant higher mean weight and mean BMI than boys. 78.37% had acanthosis nigricans, 47.29% had family history of diabetes, 12.16% had pre-diabetes and the mean blood glucose in pre-diabetics was 104.9 mg/dl. Pre-diabetes was higher in adolescents with family history of diabetes (p=0.038).Conclusions: Recognition of risk of type 2 diabetes in the asymptomatic pre-diabetes phase needs to be emphasized and targeted screening of high risk children for pre-diabetes seems to be justified. The morbidity and mortality of youth onset type 2 diabetes can be reduced only by early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Local Population of Lahore, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sana Arshad ◽  
Sania Tahir ◽  
Bilal Tahir ◽  
Nazia Tahir ◽  
Tahir Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst the people of Pakistan. In 2015, 7 million people had diabetes and the number is still on raise. Family history of diabetes, high body mass index, and other sociodemographic factors are the risk factors of diabetes. Persistent exposure to excessive glucose may be a reason behind diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy and gestational diabetes mellitus.METHODS: For the evaluation of laboratory parameters, 600 blood samples were collected at Akhuwat Diabetic Centre and from Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Demographic data of the participants was collected by filling a questionnaire. Lipid profile, liver enzymes, and renal function tests were performed and statistical analysis was done.RESULTS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus among other types is the most prevalent form of diabetes in our population. Family history of diabetes (p=0.002), Body Mass Index (&gt;25) p&lt;0.001, high cholesterol (p=0.04), high triglyceride p&lt;0.001, high LDL p&lt;0.001 and low HDL p&lt;0.001 are significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes. Hypertension among the other comorbidities is more common in diabetic patients.CONCLUSION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is highly prevalent in the local population. Improved lifestyle and proper medical monitoring can help to manage diabetes in our population.

The Presence of Family History and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors in Rural Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Howell Adams ◽  
Carol Ann Barnett Lammon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
School Health ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Health Fairs ◽  
History Of

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is reaching epidemic proportions among children and adolescents. School health fairs offer an opportunity to identify children with risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study identified selected risk factors (i.e., high-risk racial/ethnic group, obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated casual blood glucose, elevated total cholesterol, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans) for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural children with or without a family history of diabetes during annual school health fairs. Of the children screened, 40% (673) presented with two or more of the identified risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The presence of multiple risk factors in participants reporting a positive family history of diabetes mellitus versus those with no family history was not statistically significant. Based on the study results, factors other than family history may be more predictive for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural school children.

scholarly journals Association of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose levels among residents of rural area of Delhi: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Adhikary ◽  
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan ◽  
Ranadip Chowdhury ◽  
Shailaja Daral ◽  
Neha Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

Background: Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions globally. India has largest number of diabetic population constituting major proportion worldwide. The epidemic of diabetes in India is due to the rapid epidemiological transition attributed to changes in dietary patterns and decreased physical activity apart from the role of genetic factors in the disease causation. The objectives of the study was to assess the risk factors of type 2 diabetes and to find the relation between risk factors of type 2 diabetes and fasting capillary blood glucose level among the study population.Methods: A cross sectional community based study was carried out using a semi structured, pretested, questionnaire among 432 study subjects aged 30 years and above in a randomly selected sahoorpur village under Fatehpur Beri primary health centre. The study duration was from March 2011 to February 2012. Means and proportions were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was applied. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 45 (±11.9) years. Positive family history of Diabetes was present in 14.4% of study population. History of smoking and alcohol was found in 37.5% and 8.3% respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 48.8% and 17.2% respectively. Regression showed age more than 60 years (OR 1.135, 95% CI 0.037 – 0.492), family history of diabetes (OR 4.181, 95% CI 1.734 – 10.083), higher waist circumference (OR 13.414, 95% CI 4.991 – 36.051), sedentary work (OR 3.133, 95% CI 0.032 – 0.592), obesity (OR 4.709, 95% CI 1.790 – 12.394) had higher odds of having higher fasting capillary blood glucose level. Conclusions: The study found a higher prevalence of risk factors among the study population. Risk factors showed a significant relation with higher fasting capillary blood glucose. There is a mandate for health education to motivate change in lifestyle modification among the study population. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of coronary heart disease in a rural population of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abu Sayeed ◽  
Hajera Mahtab ◽  
Shurovi Sayeed ◽  
Tanjima Begum ◽  
Parvin Akter Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major global health problem with the majority of burden observed increasingly in the developing countries. There has been no estimate of CHD in Bangladesh. This study addresses the prevalence of CHD in a Bangladeshi rural population which also aimed to determine the risk factors related to CHD. Ten villages of Nandail sub-district under Mymensingh were selected purposively. All subjects of age ≥20y were considered eligible and were interviewed about family income, family history of T2DM, CHD and HTN. The investigations included height, weight, waist-girth, hip-girth, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (Chol) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) were also estimated. Finally, electrocardiography (ECG) was undertaken in all participants who had family history of diabetes or hypertension or CHD. Diagnosis of CHD was based on history of angina or changes in ECG or diagnosed by a cardiologist. A total of 6235 subjects were enlisted as eligible (age ≥20y) participants. Of them, 4141 (m / f: 1749 / 2392) subjects volunteered for the study. The age-adjusted (20-69y) prevalence of CHD was 1.85 with 95% CI, 1.42 - 2.28. There was no significant difference between men and women. The mean (SD) values of age (p<0.001), SBP (p<0.01), DBP (p<0.05), HbA1c (p<0.05) and ACR (p<0.01) were significantly higher among subjects with CHD than those without; whereas, there were no significant differences in BMI and WHR, TG, Chol and HDL. Logistic regression analysis showed that adjusted for age, sex, social class and obesity, the subjects with higher age (≥45y), higher 2hBG (≥7.0mmol/l), higher ACR (≥17.2) and family history of CHD had significant risk for CHD. The prevalence of CHD is comparable with other Asian population. Family history of CHD and age over 45 years, and who had hyperglycemia and higher ACR were proved to be the independent predictors of CHD. CHD was found to affect participants irrespective of sex, social class, obesity and lipid status. Though the IFG and diabetes groups appeared to have similar biophysical characteristics, only the diabetes group had significant risk for CHD. Further study in a larger sample may be undertaken to confirm the study findings and to explore some unidentified risk factors of CHD. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6494Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 37-43

scholarly journals Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
T Jaja ◽  
IE Yarhere
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) in children and adolescents is on the increase, therefore, prevention and early detection are important.Objective: To assess for easily identifiable risk factors (overweight/obesity, hypertension, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and family history of diabetes) for T2DM in adolescents in public secondary schoolsResult: Eight hundred and eighty adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were screened and 124(14.1%) were overweight/obese. 457 (51.9%) of students had none of the risk factors while 272(30.9%) had at least one risk factor. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria for identification of those at risk for T2DM, 21(2.4%) were identified. The frequency of presence of risk factors was more in females (3.3%), mid adolescent age group (3.1%) and those with positive family history of diabetes. These findings were however not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant association between presence of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose and risk factor for type 2 DM.Conclusion: The significant risk factors identified in this study were prehypertension/hypertension and impaired fasting blood glucose.Key words: Adolescence, Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document