scholarly journals Effects of Leishmania Species on Immune Response against Malaria Parasite in Malaria Leishmania Coinfections

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad ◽  
Sufian Khalid M. Noor ◽  
Awadalla H. Kashif ◽  
Mohammed Medani Eltayeb ◽  
Bader Saud Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Class

Both malaria and leishmania  are most widespread protozoon parasitic diseases, certainly in tropical countries of the world. Malaria leishmania coinfection is common in leishmaniasis endemic areas which is mostly endemic to malaria too. Researchers notice that in cases of malaria leishmania coinfection , leishmania species find the some extent the outcome of malaria infection , but also behavior of malaria parasite species play a significant role to figure the consequences of it. While L. donovani protect from severe malaria complications by suppression of major histocompatibility class Ⅱ , so it diminish the clinical severity of malaria but not malaria parasite density due to dysfunction of major histocompatibility class I, which controlled by suppressed one, In another side L. mexicana tends to sequester in macrophages and lead to severe clinical outcomes when it coexisted with malaria parasite at same host. Experimental studies required to know more information about coinfection of different malaria and leishmania species to establish clinical research. Leishmania infection excluded when studies aim to assess the immune response to only malaria parasite, experimental studies required involving different species of malaria and leishmania.

scholarly journals Reversed T Cell Receptor Docking on a Major Histocompatibility Class I Complex Limits Involvement in the Immune Response

Immunity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gras ◽  
Jesseka Chadderton ◽  
Claudia M. Del Campo ◽  
Carine Farenc ◽  
Florian Wiede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Class I ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Class ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Class I

scholarly journals Major histocompatibility complex and its importance towards controlling infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Langamba Angom Longjam ◽  
Dipmala Das
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Wide Range

It is well documented that infectious pathogen burden and infected cell mass determine the clinical severity of infectious diseases, however, the ability of the host to recognize and process antigens to produce antibodies or the cellular immune response during infection could be under genetic control. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is the most intensively studied of all genetic systems because of its influence to many important traits, including resistance to infectious diseases, autoimmunity and immunological self or nonself compatibility. This is understandable in the light of the evolutionary pressure so that we are equipped to face the multitude of infectious challenges. Infectious diseases are a major selective pressure;and genes involved in the immune response are the most numerous and diverse in the human genome; reflecting the evolutionary advantages of a diverse immunological response to a wide range of infectious pathogens.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(2) 2017 1-13

scholarly journals A cornucopia of research resources for the fourth rodent malaria parasite species

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
First Century ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Rodent Malaria Parasite ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Rodent Malaria ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Vinckei ◽  
Research Resources

AbstractThe study of human malaria caused by species of Plasmodium has undoubtedly been enriched by the use of model systems, such as the rodent malaria parasites originally isolated from African thicket rats. A significant gap in the arsenal of resources of the species that make up the rodent malaria parasites has been the lack of any such tools for the fourth of the species, Plasmodium vinckei. This has recently been rectified by Abhinay Ramaprasad and colleagues, whose pivotal paper published in BMC Biology describes a cornucopia of new P. vinckei ‘omics datasets, mosquito transmission experiments, transfection protocols, and virulence phenotypes, to propel this species firmly into the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Gender Is a Major Determinant of the Clinical Evolution and Immune Response in Hamsters Infected with Leishmania spp.

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2288-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Travi ◽  
Yaneth Osorio ◽  
Peter C. Melby ◽  
Bysani Chandrasekar ◽  
Lourdes Arteaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Leishmania Spp

ABSTRACT In regions where leishmaniasis is endemic, clinical disease is usually reported more frequently among males than females. This difference could be due to disparate risks of exposure of males and females, but gender-related differences in the host response to infection may also play a role. Experimental studies of the influence of gender on Leishmania infection have not included parasites of the subgenus Viannia, which is the most common cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. Mice are not readily susceptible to infection by Leishmania (Viannia) spp., but cutaneous infection of hamsters with L. (V.) panamensis or L. (V.) guyanensis resulted in chronic lesions typical of the human disease caused by these parasites. Strikingly, infection of male hamsters resulted in significantly greater lesion size and severity, an increased rate of dissemination to distant cutaneous sites, and a greater parasite burden in the draining lymph node than infection in female animals. Two lines of evidence indicated this gender-related difference in disease evolution was determined at least in part by the sex hormone status of the animal. First, prepubertal male animals had smaller and/or less severe cutaneous lesions than adult male animals. Second, infection of testosterone-treated female animals resulted in significantly larger lesions than in untreated female animals. The increased severity of disease in male compared to female animals was associated with significantly greater intralesional expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P = 0.04), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (P < 0.001), cytokines known to promote disease in experimental leishmaniasis. There was a direct correlation between the expression of TGF-β mRNA and lesion size (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.873; P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate an inherent risk of increased disease severity in male animals, which is associated with a more permissive immune response.

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