scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions- Need of the Hour

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Chapade ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
Amit Reche ◽  
Priyanka Paul Madhu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Cancer Screening ◽  
Diagnosis Accuracy ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological breakthrough that is rapidly progressing and has captivated the minds of researchers all over the world. AI can be used to make a diagnosis of oral cavity lesions, detect and identify suspicious changed oral mucosa undergoing premalignant and malignant transformations. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive summary of developing optical imaging technologies, innovative artificial intelligence-based techniques. The concepts of image-based techniques for identifying oral cancer are defined in terms of clinical requirements and features. Although artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to have a significant impact on increasing diagnosis accuracy in a variety of fields of medicine, there has been limited research on oral cancer to date. These results suggest that combining artificial intelligence with imaging can improve oral cancer outcomes, applications ranging from very low-cost oral cancer screening with Smartphone-based probes to algorithm-guided identification premalignant lesion heterogeneity and margins using optical coherence tomography. Oral cancer outcomes can be improved by combining imaging and artificial intelligence technologies for better detection and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Improving Oral Cancer Outcomes with Imaging and Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ilhan ◽  
K. Lin ◽  
P. Guneri ◽  
P. Wilder-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Early diagnosis is the most important determinant of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) outcomes, yet most of these cancers are detected late, when outcomes are poor. Typically, nonspecialists such as dentists screen for oral cancer risk, and then they refer high-risk patients to specialists for biopsy-based diagnosis. Because the clinical appearance of oral mucosal lesions is not an adequate indicator of their diagnosis, status, or risk level, this initial triage process is inaccurate, with poor sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of emerging optical imaging modalities and novel artificial intelligence–based approaches, as well as to evaluate their individual and combined utility and implications for improving oral cancer detection and outcomes. The principles of image-based approaches to detecting oral cancer are placed within the context of clinical needs and parameters. A brief overview of artificial intelligence approaches and algorithms is presented, and studies that use these 2 approaches singly and together are cited and evaluated. In recent years, a range of novel imaging modalities has been investigated for their applicability to improving oral cancer outcomes, yet none of them have found widespread adoption or significantly affected clinical practice or outcomes. Artificial intelligence approaches are beginning to have considerable impact in improving diagnostic accuracy in some fields of medicine, but to date, only limited studies apply to oral cancer. These studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence approaches combined with imaging can have considerable impact on oral cancer outcomes, with applications ranging from low-cost screening with smartphone-based probes to algorithm-guided detection of oral lesion heterogeneity and margins using optical coherence tomography. Combined imaging and artificial intelligence approaches can improve oral cancer outcomes through improved detection and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Mobile Image Based Teledentistry Tool to Screen Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions Among a Rural Population in Tamil Nadu, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 51s-51s
Author(s):  
S. Poorni ◽  
M.R. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: Considering the vast landscape, and the huge in-country disparity among the distribution of dental manpower, the role played by nonprofessionals is pivoted in the delivery of dental care, especially among the rural Indian population. Traditionally dental professionals have been involved in the screening of oral cancers and oral potentially malignant lesions (OPML) which precede most oral cancer lesions. The recent advent of videographic enabled mobile Internet technology provides an opportunity to be used as tele-dentistry based screening tool involving nonprofessional health providers for screening of OPML. Aim: This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of a mobile based oral cancer screening program among a rural population in Tamil Nadu, India using nonprofessional health providers. Methods: The study was conducted among 300 Dravidian adults (35 to 44 years) who were part of a rural oral health screening program. During the first phase, a trained male health worker (MHW) graphically recorded the oral cavity of those subjects who had any alteration in the color or surface characteristic of the oral mucosa and/or restriction in mouth opening. Recordings were done in a systematic manner using a Moto G smart phone with 8 megapixel camera and flashlight. Images with file size of maximum 20 MB were saved in Jpeg format and transferred to a hard disk. After the first phase, a calibrated dentist (SP) examined the subjects under standard lighting using a type 3 examination. A punch biopsy was taken and histologic examination was done for confirmation of the diagnosis. Results: Among the 300 subjects examined, 23 subjects were identified as having mucosal alterations by MHW. When cross assessed by the dentist, 19 out of the 23 were clinically diagnosed as having OPML, which were histologically confirmed. Leukoplakia was the most common lesion (12/19) followed by erythroplakia and oral submucous fibrosis. Conclusion: The results of the current study throws light on the effectiveness of a mobile image based screening tool, which could be used for early assessment of OPML by nonmedical personnel, especially for those risk populations who lack access to primary dental care.

STAG2 expression in oral cancer and potentially malignant lesions

Tumor Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 3641-3645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Fátima Bernardes ◽  
Gefter Thiago Batista Correa ◽  
Adriano Mota Loyola ◽  
Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso ◽  
Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Malignant Lesions

scholarly journals Knowledge Assessment among the Fourth and Fifth Year Students on the Potentially Malignant Lesions of Oral Cavity

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Sanja Hadžić ◽  
Mirjana Gojkov-Vukelić ◽  
Enes Pašić ◽  
Arma Muharemović ◽  
Indira Mujić Jahić
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Difference

SummaryBackground/Aim: Potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) are lesions that have an increased risk of malignant transformation concerning healthy oral mucosa. This research aimed to assess the knowledge of students of final years of study on the potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity.Material and Methods: 120 students of the fourth and fifth years of study participated in this research,60 respondents were fourth-year students, 60 respondents were fifth-year students. All of the respondents signed informed consent.According to the type of research, this is a cross-sectional study which was conducted by completing a 15-item questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed and processed in the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program.Results: The results indicate that during the clinical examination the fourth and fifth-year students examine the oral mucosa as well. 61% of the students find themselves poorly informed on the PMOL. In the fourth year of study, only 5,5% of students responded that they were well informed, while in the fifth year that number totaled 28,5%. When knowledge self-assessment is concerned the difference has shown itself to be statistically significant between the fourth and fifth-year students. When asked what knowledge on the prevention of oral cancer they expect to receive during their studies, 78% of the students expected more knowledge than at that moment – 36% of which were fifth-year students, and 42% were fourth-year students.Conclusions: Even though the oral cavity is easily accessible to examination, the discovery of oral cancer occurs quite late. Ours, as well as results of other studies, impose the need for better theoretical and practical education of the students.

scholarly journals Chemokines and Cytokines as Salivary Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareema Prasad ◽  
Michael McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
New Strategies

Chemokines have been shown to be important in both inflammation and carcinogenesis and are able to be measured in saliva with relatively robust methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Thus it has been hypothesized that patients with oral cancer and oral potentially malignant lesions will have elevated levels of specific chemokines in oral fluids and that this may be used as a marker of both the early detection of malignant disease and progression to malignancy. The concept that salivary biomarkers can be easily measured and indicate disease states has profound consequences for clinical practice and may open up new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis, and potential therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review focuses on our understanding of cytokines and chemokines and the potential role that they may have in clinical practice.

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