Anti–Diabetic Activity of Murraya koenigii – A Comprehensive Review

Diabetes mellitus, one of the noncommunicable illnesses, is a severe problem worldwide as one of the leading causes of death. Because existing synthetic medications have various drawbacks, researchers are still looking for better anti-hyperglycemic treatments. Plants have been used in ancient medicine for thousands of years. India is the biggest producer of medicinal plants and is aptly regarded as the "World's Botanical Garden." Murraya koenigii Linn, also known as Meethi neem, is a Rutaceae plant. Curry trees are unique to India and likely found almost everywhere else on the subcontinent, except in the Himalayan highlands. For centuries, curry leaves were used as an antiemetic, diarrhea remedy, febrifuge, and blood purifier. Curry leaves are useful as an antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, antihypertensive, cytotoxic, and in treating bronchial respiratory problems. Traditionally, the leaves were utilized as a spice in curries as well as other dishes. It includes coumarins and derivatives, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and essential oil. Numerous studies have found that these phytochemicals have a significant effect on type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on this plant's anti-diabetic action and concludes that it has the potential to be evaluated as a candidate for developing a new diabetes mellitus medication.

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Leading causes of death and concomitant pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to autopsy data

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/2072-0351-5819 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 61-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Leont'evna Terekhova ◽

Aleksey Vadimovich Zilov ◽

Arkadiy L'vovich Vertkin ◽

Galina Afanas'evna Mel'nichenko

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Cerebrovascular Event ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

High Prevalence

Aims. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of concomitant pathology and its influence on leading causes of death in patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus according to clinical charts and pathologist's reports. Materials and methods. We have studied the database of Moscow City Hospital №50 in order to pick out confirmed cases of type 2 DM, treated inthe period from 2006 to 2008 years (302 patients, 9,97%). Prevalence rate of concomitant pathology and leading causes of death were then carefullystudied on this ground. Results. We examined clinical charts of 302 patients with type 2 DM - 219 female (72.5%) at the age of 76 [70;80] and 83 male at theage of 75 [68;80]. Cardiovascular pathology and cerebrovascular disease (acute cerebrovascular event and/or postinfarction encephalic cysts,discirculatory encephalopathy) (50.66%) showed high prevalence. Respiratory system diseases (25.8%), excessive body weight and obesity (21.5%),gallstone disease (19.86%), malignant neoplasm (16.2%), prostatic hyperplasia (found in 35 male patients, 42.17%), gynecologic pathology (foundin 23 female patients, 10.5%) and infectious inflammatory diseases of kidneys and urinary tract (8.6%) were also disclosed. Leading causes of deathwere found to be acute cerebrovascular events (28.8%), postinfarction cardiosclerosis (23.18%), acute/recurring myocardium infarction (19.54%)and malignant neoplasm (14.57%). High polypathy prevalence was discovered in studied cohort, and in one third of cases patients perished fromcombination of concurrent diseases.Conclusion: High prevalence rate of intercurrent diseases and polymorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus substantiate the need for thoroughexamination at different stages of medical care, treatment of existing malfunctions, as well as preventive measures against complications.

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Risk factors of death in diabetes mellitus

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-9-697-700 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (9) ◽

pp. 697-700

Author(s):

Nailya S. Asfandiyarova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Cancer Risk Factors

Objective. To study risk factors of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods. This prospective cohort study included 337 patients with compromised carbohydrate metabolism (36 with impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance, 80 with type 1 diabetes, 194 with type 2 diabetes, 27 with diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis). Mean follow-up was 11.2±4.8 years (from 1 January 1995 through 31 December 2014). We investigated causes and risk factors of death in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Results. 115 patients died during the study period. The most common causes of death of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Risk factors of death in type 1 DM include cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Patients die at a younger age due to early onset of the disease. In type 2 diabetes risk factors of death are cardiovascular and oncologic diseases, nephropathy, the use of insulin. Patients die in elderly and senile age due to the late onset of diabetes. Gender differences in mortality associated with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus were not observed. Conclusion. Main causes of death in patients with type 1 and 2 DM are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Risk factors of death include macro - and microvascular complications.

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