Risk factors of death in diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-700
Author(s):  
Nailya S. Asfandiyarova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors

Objective. To study risk factors of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods. This prospective cohort study included 337 patients with compromised carbohydrate metabolism (36 with impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance, 80 with type 1 diabetes, 194 with type 2 diabetes, 27 with diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis). Mean follow-up was 11.2±4.8 years (from 1 January 1995 through 31 December 2014). We investigated causes and risk factors of death in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Results. 115 patients died during the study period. The most common causes of death of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Risk factors of death in type 1 DM include cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Patients die at a younger age due to early onset of the disease. In type 2 diabetes risk factors of death are cardiovascular and oncologic diseases, nephropathy, the use of insulin. Patients die in elderly and senile age due to the late onset of diabetes. Gender differences in mortality associated with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus were not observed. Conclusion. Main causes of death in patients with type 1 and 2 DM are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Risk factors of death include macro - and microvascular complications.

scholarly journals Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6444
Author(s):  
Anna Gabryanczyk ◽  
Sylwia Klimczak ◽  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Increased Risk

There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.

scholarly journals Gustatory sweating in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Kirstine Klarskov ◽  
Elena von Rohden ◽  
Birger Thorsteinsson ◽  
Lise Tarnow ◽  
Peter Lommer Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gustatory Sweating

scholarly journals Differences in Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North-East Poland

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Wojciech Matuszewski ◽  
Magdalena M. Stefanowicz-Rutkowska ◽  
Magdalena Szychlińska ◽  
Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Study Group

Background and Objective: Nowadays, diabetes is one of the main causes of blindness in the world. Identification and differentiation of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy depending on the type of diabetes gives us the opportunity to fight and prevent this complication. Aim of the research: To assess differences in the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Warmia and Mazury Region, Poland. Materials and Methods: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) were assessed on the basis of an original questionnaire, which included: personal data, clinical history of diabetes and eye disease. Elements of clinical examination: blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference. Indicators of diabetes metabolic control: mean glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol and triglycerides, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin–creatinine ratio in urine. Results: The study group included 315 (26%) patients with DM1 and 894 (74%) patients with DM2. Risk factors were estimated on the basis of logistic regression and verified with Student’s t-test. Statistically significant dependencies were found in both groups between the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and diabetes duration, HbA1c, triglyceride concentrations, indicators of kidney function and cigarette smoking status. In the DM2 group, the development of DR was significantly influenced by the implemented models of diabetic treatment. Conclusions: In the whole study group, the risk of DR was associated with the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, triglyceride concentrations and smoking. In DM1 patients, the risk of DR was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the G1A1/A2 stage of chronic kidney disease, and in DM2 patients with the G2 stage of chronic kidney disease. An important risk factor for DR in DM2 patients was associated with late introduction of insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Iron metabolism parameters and inflammatory status in patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Musina ◽  
Tatiana V. Saprina ◽  
Tatiana S. Prokhorenko ◽  
Anastasia P. Zima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Background: Investigating the inflammatory status and iron metabolism in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism seems quite relevant, while only few studies are devoted to the relationship between metabolic parameters, including lipid profile, inflammatory status indicators and the state of ferrokinetics in diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 in a comparative aspect.Aims: To establish the direction of changes in the inflammatory status and the state of ferrokinetics in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on lipid metabolism disorders.Materials and methods: The study included 48 patients with type 1 diabetes, 81 patients with type 2 diabetes; 11 people with obesity without impaired carbohydrate metabolism made up the comparison group, 17 healthy volunteers - the control group. Low-grade inflammation was assessed by the levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosisfactor-а (TNF-а), ferritin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The state of iron metabolism was evaluated by the main hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit), serum iron concentrations, transferrin, ferritin and hepcidin concentrations. In all patients lipid metabolism parameters, glycated hemoglobin, and microalbuminuria were measured.Results: Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly higher inflammatory markers concentrations-TNF-а, ESR, and CRP - in relation to obese patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism and those in the control group. The highest production of TNF-а was observed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (15.28 [12.41-24.41] pg/ml), whereas CRP (7.00 [3.00-11.85] ng/ml) and ESR (18.00 [9.00-27.00] mm/h) were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the structure of the examined individuals with diabetes mellitus (regardless of its type), dyslipidemia type IIb in comparison with less atherogenic type IIa dyslipidemia was characterized by a higher production of CRP (6.9 [3.00-12.35] and 3.00 [1.80-8.70] ng/ml, respectively), ESR (20.00 [10.00-30.00] and 15.00 [5.00-24.50] mm/h, respectively) and ferritin (114.80 [48.90-196.45] and 50.90 [19.58-114.10] ng/ml, respectively). Compared to iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic diseases in diabetes mellitus patients was more often accompanied by dyslipidemia llb (χ2=2.743; p=0.098) and was characterized by a higher content of atherogenic fractions of cholesterol.Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a more atherogenic dyslipidemia profile (type IIb) have a phenotype of the local inflammatory mesenchymal reaction of the liver with an increase in acute-phase proteins predominantly of hepatic origin (CRP, ferritin), whereas individuals suffering from type 1 diabetes and less atherogenic lipid profile (type IIa) have a phenotype of an autoimmune, genetically determined inflammatory response. It has been established that anemia of chronic diseases developing in the background of diabetes mellitus is associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile, compared with iron deficiency anemia.

Effect of Nigella sativa oil supplement on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2706-2711
Author(s):  
Akram Kooshki ◽  
Tahereh Tofighiyan ◽  
Neda Rastgoo ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Rakhshani ◽  
Mohammad Miri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil
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