Shaken Baby Syndrome: Simple Review Article

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) occurs in infants when the head is subjected to excessive acceleration and deceleration. Guthkelch first identified SBS when he noticed that infants with subdural hematoma did not always have gross markings, indicating the possibility of a baby shaking. The rotational force pushes the brain against the skull, causing various types of head and neck injuries. Ophthalmologic testing for retinal haemorrhages and ocular fundus, which can rule out SBS, is one of the tests for SBS. Immunohistochemical staining for -amyloid precursor protein (-APP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately identify brain injuries and bleeding, resulting in a more accurate diagnosis of SBS. SBS symptoms are shared by other etiologies, making it difficult to determine the true cause of infantile injury. Experiments using biomechanical models to recreate the whiplash movement have not revealed subdural haemorrhaging, but limitations in the models have doubt to these results.

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Advanced and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Lupus

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.6522.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nicolae Sarbu ◽

Núria Bargalló ◽

Ricard Cervera

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Main Tool ◽

Neuropsychiatric Lupus ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

Rule Out

Neuropsychiatric lupus is a major diagnostic challenge, and a main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is, by far, the main tool for assessing the brain in this disease. Conventional and advanced MRI techniques are used to help establishing the diagnosis, to rule out alternative diagnoses, and recently, to monitor the evolution of the disease. This review explores the neuroimaging findings in SLE, including the recent advances in new MRI methods.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Lupus

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.6522.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Nicolae Sarbu ◽

Núria Bargalló ◽

Ricard Cervera

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Main Tool ◽

Neuropsychiatric Lupus ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

Rule Out

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Cinematic rendering of a burst sagittal suture caused by an occipito-frontal gunshot wound

Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12024-021-00387-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dominic Gascho ◽

Michael J. Thali ◽

Rosa M. Martinez ◽

Stephan A. Bolliger

Keyword(s):

Gunshot Wound ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Novel ◽

Sagittal Suture ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cinematic Rendering ◽

Reconstruction Methods ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

AbstractThe computed tomography (CT) scan of a 19-year-old man who died from an occipito-frontal gunshot wound presented an impressive radiating fracture line where the entire sagittal suture burst due to the high intracranial pressure that arose from a near-contact shot from a 9 mm bullet fired from a Glock 17 pistol. Photorealistic depictions of the radiating fracture lines along the cranial bones were created using three-dimensional reconstruction methods, such as the novel cinematic rendering technique that simulates the propagation and interaction of light when it passes through volumetric data. Since the brain had collapsed, depiction of soft tissue was insufficient on CT images. An additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed, which enabled the diagnostic assessment of cerebral injuries.

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Diagnosing RCVS Without the CV

The Neurohospitalist ◽

10.1177/1941874415599576 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. NP1-NP4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nuri Jacoby ◽

Ulrike Kaunzner ◽

Marc Dinkin ◽

Joseph Safdieh

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Mri Brain ◽

Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽

History Of ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Reversible Encephalopathy ◽

Occipital Lobes ◽

The Brain

This is a case of a 52-year-old man with a past medical history of 2 episodes of coital thunderclap headaches as well as recent cocaine, marijuana, and pseudoephedrine use, who presented with sudden, sharp, posterior headache associated with photophobia and phonophobia. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head, and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the head were all normal as well as a normal lumbar puncture. Given the multiple risk factors for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), the patient was treated for suspected RCVS, despite the normal imaging. Repeat MRI brain 3 days after hospital admission demonstrated confluent white matter T2 hyperintensities most prominent in the occipital lobes, typical of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Repeat MRA of the head 1 day after discharge and 4 days after the abnormal MRI brain showed multisegment narrowing of multiple arteries. This case demonstrates that RCVS may present with PRES on MRI brain and also exemplifies the need to treat suspected RCVS even if imaging is normal, as abnormalities in both the MRI and the MRA may be delayed.

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876 Disorders of the Brain Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Infants with Severe Congenital Cytomegaly

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-201011001-00876 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 440-440

Author(s):

B Milewska-Bobula ◽

B Lipka ◽

J Zebrowska ◽

E Jurkiewicz ◽

I Pakula-Kosciesza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

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A Large-scale Comparison of Cortical and Subcortical Structural Segmentation Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease: a Statistical Approach

10.1101/2020.08.18.256321 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jafar Zamani ◽

Ali Sadr ◽

Amir-Homayoun Javadi

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Large Scale ◽

Automated Segmentation ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Areas ◽

Segmentation Methods ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Brain

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to anatomical atrophy, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Automated segmentation methods are developed to help with the segmentation of different brain areas. However, their reliability has yet to be fully investigated. To have a more comprehensive understanding of the distribution of changes in AD, as well as investigating the reliability of different segmentation methods, in this study we compared volumes of cortical and subcortical brain segments, using automated segmentation methods in more than 60 areas between AD and healthy controls (HC).MethodsA total of 44 MRI images (22 AD and 22 HC, 50% females) were taken from the minimal interval resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease (MIRIAD) dataset. HIPS, volBrain, CAT and BrainSuite segmentation methods were used for the subfields of hippocampus, and the rest of the brain.ResultsWhile HIPS, volBrain and CAT showed strong conformity with the past literature, BrainSuite misclassified several brain areas. Additionally, the volume of the brain areas that successfully discriminated between AD and HC showed a correlation with mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores. The two methods of volBrain and CAT showed a very strong correlation. These two methods, however, did not correlate with BrainSuite.ConclusionOur results showed that automated segmentation methods HIPS, volBrain and CAT can be used in the classification of AD and HC. This is an indication that such methods can be used to inform researchers and clinicians of underlying mechanisms and progression of AD.

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Concomitant testicular infection by Zika virus and Schistosoma mansoni in a Brazilian young boy

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.63.06.500 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 500-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Souza Alves ◽

Cesar Estanislau ◽

Lucio Barreto ◽

Francisco Batista ◽

Nivaldo Toppa

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Testicular Biopsy ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Duplex Scan ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

High Possibility ◽

Rule Out

Sumary The identification of a escrotal mass without pain or report of trauma should be investigated to rule out scrotal cancer. We report the case of a young Brazilian boy who underwent orchiectomy after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and duplex scan (DS) indicating a high possibility of cancer. Blood exams ruled out the possibility of cancer. Testicular biopsy was not indicated. After surgery the diagnostic was extensive orchiepididymitis by Schistosoma. In endemic areas orchiepididymis by Schistosoma should be investigate to avoid unnecessary surgeries. This patient was also infected with Zika virus.

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Neurological manifestations of tuberous sclerosis in children (own observations)

International Professional Journal Medicine ◽

10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-15-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (223) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Aigerim Balykbayeva ◽

◽

Dina Bakrayeva ◽

Gaukhar Ospanova ◽

Yekaterina Talipova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tuberous Sclerosis ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Laboratory Examination ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Cortical Dysgenesis ◽

Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The University ◽

The Brain

Tuberous sclerosis (Pringle-Burneville disease) is a polysystemic genetic disease and occurs in the population with a frequency of 1:50000. Objective of the study. To study neuropsychic status and dynamics of tuberous sclerosis development in children. Material and Methods. Have been examined 33 children aged from 1 to 14 years, who were observed in the neurological pediatric department of the University Clinic ("Aksay") of Asfendiyarov KazNMU. All children had apigmented spots and coffee-milk stains on the torso and extremities, not protruding above the skin level. All children showed characteristic neuroimaging changes in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) - areas of dyshinesia cortically and subcortically, i.e. tubercles. As well as changes in internal organs (hamartoma variants). All children underwent a complete laboratory examination (general blood count, standard biochemical parameters), electroencephalography of the brain (EEG), as well as ultrasound examination of internal organs. Results and conclusions. As a result of our study, it was revealed that the main symptom confirming the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis is the presence of tubers (95-100% of patients). Moreover, there is a topographical relationship between tubers detected during MRI examination and the presence of foci on the EEG. Thus, a particular manifestation of the disease in patients is symptomatic epilepsy with onset in the first months of life (96% of patients). Keywords: tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy, children, hamartomas, pigmented spots, cortical dysgenesis, tubers.

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Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic symptoms associated with idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis

Cephalalgia Reports ◽

10.1177/2515816318790546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 251581631879054

Author(s):

J Matthijs Biesbroek ◽

Dirk R Rutgers ◽

Sander van Gulik ◽

Catherina JM Frijns

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis ◽

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia ◽

Autonomic Symptoms ◽

Meningeal Inflammation ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Multiple Episodes ◽

Rule Out

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic symptoms (SUNA) is a rare form of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. SUNA is frequently associated with a trigeminal neurovascular conflict and rarely occurs secondary to other intracranial pathology. We report a patient with SUNA that was associated with ipsilateral meningeal inflammation caused by idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP). During the 9-year follow-up, she experienced multiple episodes of SUNA, most of which occurred during exacerbations of the pachymeningitis. This is the third case of SUNA associated with HP reported in the literature. Based on this observation, we suggest that in patients presenting with SUNA, besides dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the trigeminal nerve, gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI should be performed to rule out HP.

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Cerebral schistosomiasis: MRI features with pathological correlation

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120934475 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 028418512093447

Author(s):

Chun-yan Lu ◽

Sha Zhao ◽

Yi Wei

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Area ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Mri Features ◽

Cerebral Involvement ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

Radiology And Pathology

Background Neuroschistosomiasis is not commonly encountered and is probably underrecognized. We hope these findings can help clinicians and radiologists to raise awareness of this disabling disorder. Purpose To demonstrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of cerebral schistosomiasis and correlate it with pathological findings. Material and Methods We identified seven patients with cerebral schistosomiasis from radiology and pathology archives of our hospital. Of the seven patients, six were pathologically confirmed. The remaining patient had pathologically confirmed spinal schistosomiasis with MRI findings of cerebral involvement. MRI and pathological findings of these patients were analyzed and correlated. Results Multiple enhancing nodules at varying size were found in all patients. Prominent leptomeningeal or choroidal veins were found in six patients, four at the center of the foci and two at the periphery. Hemorrhage was identified in two patients. Histology revealed granulomas around ova in six patients. A prominent vein with ova in the lumen and wall of a vein was found in one patient and perivascular ova deposition was found in one patient. Conclusion Multiple enhancing nodules with central or peripheral veins in a circumscribed brain area are important signs to the diagnosis of cerebral schistosomiasis. The inflamed veins involved may be the route taken by the ova to spread to the brain tissue.

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