scholarly journals A Study of Self-Organization in Small Systems with Simple Dynamics

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
William J. B. Oldham ◽  
James Rejcek
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
System State ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Final System ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Number Of Iterations

Self-organization in small systems of particles with simple dynamic laws has been simulated.  The purpose of this work is to investigate self-organization in small systems where we could follow individual particles.  The intention is to look for pattern formation as the system evolves.  For the two kinds of systems studied, the motion and the final system state for various dynamic iterations are presented.  In the first system design, two kinds of particles are simulated.  Like particles have a repulsive force, while unlike particles have an attractive force.  Initially, the particles are randomly distributed in a two dimensional square bounded region, and then allowed to dynamically interact for a number of iterations.  In experiment 1 the particles have different polarity.  Using the inverse square law force, modified at short distances, most cases resulted in equilibrium with the particles of opposite polarity paired up. Since this was a state of equilibrium no more movement occurred.  In the second experiment, there are two groups of particles initially separated by a boundary.  The particles on each side of the boundary are further divided into two groups referred to as strong or weak particles.  In this experiment the resulting patterns were clusters of particles. The forces among all of the particles can be varied to study the configurations that result from the dynamics.  The results of the experiments are presented in graphical format.  The main conclusion is that this model can be used to study small dynamic systems.

scholarly journals Self-Organization of Charged Particles in an Electric Field

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
William J. B. Oldham Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Constant Field ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
System States ◽  
Final System

Self-organization in small systems of particles with simple dynamic laws has been simulated. The purpose of this work was to investigate self-organization in small systems of charged particles under the influence of an electric field where we could follow individual particles. There are positively and negatively charged particles. The intention is to look for pattern formation as the system evolves. Three electric fields and the particle-to-particle interactions were utilized to provide the forces. The three electric fields were a constant field, a ramp field, and an oscillatory field. The final system states for various electric fields are presented. For the two kinds of particles simulated, like particles have a repulsive force, while unlike particles have an attractive force. Initially, the particles are randomly distributed in a two dimensional square bounded region, and then allowed to dynamically interact for a number of iterations. Using the inverse square law force, modified at short distances, most cases resulted in equilibrium with the particles of opposite polarity paired up. Since this was a state of equilibrium no more movement occurred. The results of the experiments are presented in graphical format. The main conclusions are that this model can be used to study small dynamic systems, and that the presence of an external electric field does not significantly modify the final configuration but hastens the development of the equilibrium state.

scholarly journals Self-organization Simulation Applied to Migration across a Peaceful Border

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
William J. B. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bounded Region ◽  
Employment Centers ◽  
Good Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Number Of Iterations

Self-organization using simple dynamic laws has been applied to migration across a common border between two entities, states or countries. The motion of the migrants and their final positions are presented.  In the system there were two sets of objects. One set is on a side of the boundary. One side, the right side, is considered to be the better entity.  That is it has a good government and the economy is strong.  On the left side the entity is decidedly different with respect to the governance and the economy.  Each side's objects are further divided into two groups.  The two groups are referred to as strong and weak. The strong represent the governance, rich or elite and weak refers to the general population. Initially the objects are randomly distributed in this two dimensional square bounded region, and then allowed to dynamically interact for a number of iterations. The forces among all of the particles as groups can be defined to be attractive or repulsive and can be adjusted to study the resulting configuration from the dynamics. Four experiments were conducted to see how self-organization applies for these scenarios. In Experiment 1 the migration takes place with only the object-to-object forces active. In Experiment 2 the concept of employment was introduced. An unemployed object was allowed to move faster than an employed object thus giving the unemployed greater mobility. The employment rate on right side is considerably higher than on the left side.   Experiment 3 explores changing one of the forces from repelling to attract. Experiment 3 is the same as Experiment 2 except for this and it went for twice as many iterations. Experiment 4 created employment centers on the right side. These centers provided jobs to left side migrants that came close enough to a center. If the left side object got a center job then that migrant did not move for the remainder of the simulation. In Experiments 1 and 2 there was no incentive for a migrant to remain so the migrant traveled back and forth across the border.  In Experiment 4 it was assumed that the job provided incentive for the migrant to remain at a fixed location. Thus clusters of migrants formed around the job centers.

scholarly journals Motivational dynamics in English classes at a Brazilian public school

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Bambirra
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Teacher Motivation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
English Classes ◽  
English Classroom

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to discuss the interrelations between the motivation of an English teacher at a public federal high school in Brazil and that of her students from a dynamic systems perspective. Three teachers’ oral narratives and 14 students’ logbook entries were used for the data analysis. The teacher’s descriptions and comments on her pedagogical practice were compared to the students’ impressions and motivational levels in an attempt to understand this English classroom-system motivational dynamics and self-organization processes, focusing on how this teacher’s and her students’ motivation co-adapt and soft-assemble, influencing and being influenced by the context. The results seem to confirm not only that student motivation and teacher motivation are deeply interrelated, but also that they interact organically and continually, revealing that the context is contingent.

scholarly journals Visualized Polymers. Patterns Formed by Polymeric Systems. I. Adsorption-Induced Two-Dimensional Self-Organization.

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 609-616
Author(s):  
Masashi KUNITAKE ◽  
Akihiro OHIRA ◽  
Shinobu UEMURA ◽  
Masayo SAKATA ◽  
Chuichi HIRAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Systems

scholarly journals A Fuzzy Control Heuristic Applied to Non-linear Dynamic System Using a Fuzzy Knowledge Representation

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa M. Cordova ◽  
Guillermo Leyton
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Systems ◽  
System State ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Base Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fuzzy Knowledge

This paper presents the design of a fuzzy control heuristic that can be applied for modeling nonlinear dynamic systems using a fuzzy knowledge representation. Nonlinear dynamic systems have been modeled traditionally on the basis of connections between the subsystems that compose it. Nevertheless, this model design does not consider some of the following problems: existing dynamics between the subsystems; order and priority of the connection between subsystems; degrees of influence or causality between subsystems; particular state of each subsystem and state of the system on the basis of the combination of the diverse states of the subsystems; positive or negative influences between subsystems. In this context, the main objective of this proposal is to manage the whole system state by managing the state combination of the subsystems involved. In the proposed design the diverse states of subsystems at different levels are represented by a knowledge base matrix of fuzzy intervals (KBMFI). This type of structure is a fuzzy hypercube that provides facilities operations like: insert, delete, and switching. It also allows Boolean operations between different KBMFI and inferences. Each subsystem in a specific level and its connectors are characterized by factors with fuzzy attributes represented by membership functions. Existing measures the degree of influence among the different levels are obtained (negatives, positives). In addition, the system state is determined based on the combination of the statements of the subsystems (stable, oscillatory, attractor, chaos). It allows introducing the dynamic effects in the calculation of each output level. The control and search of knowledge patterns are made by means of a fuzzy control heuristic. Finally, an application to the co-ordination of the activities among different levels of the operation of an underground mine is developed and discussed.

scholarly journals Serotonergic Axons as Fractional Brownian Motion Paths: Insights into the Self-organization of Regional Densities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skirmantas Janušonis ◽  
Nils Detering ◽  
Ralf Metzler ◽  
Thomas Vojta
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Fractional Brownian Motion ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Motion Paths ◽  
Key Features

ABSTRACTAll vertebrate brains contain a dense matrix of thin fibers that release serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a neurotransmitter that modulates a wide range of neural, glial, and vascular processes. Perturbations in the density of this matrix have been associated with a number of mental disorders, including autism and depression, but its self-organization and plasticity remain poorly understood. We introduce a model based on reflected Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM), a rigorously defined stochastic process, and show that it recapitulates some key features of regional serotonergic fiber densities. Specifically, we use supercomputing simulations to model fibers as FBM-paths in two-dimensional brain-like domains and demonstrate that the resultant steady state distributions approximate the fiber distributions in physical brain sections immunostained for the serotonin transporter (a marker for serotonergic axons in the adult brain). We suggest that this framework can support predictive descriptions and manipulations of the serotonergic matrix and that it can be further extended to incorporate the detailed physical properties of the fibers and their environment.

Two-dimensional self-organization of rectangular OPE amphiphiles into microcrystalline lamellae

2009 ◽  
pp. 7155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fernández ◽  
Fátima García ◽  
Fátima Aparicio ◽  
Emilio Matesanz ◽  
Luis Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional

A Lightweight Dynamic Binarization Method for 2D Barcode Scanning Terminal

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 4079-4083
Author(s):  
Jia Jia Li ◽  
Ke Liang Zhang ◽  
Gang Wei ◽  
Bai Feng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
2D Barcode ◽  
Space Cost ◽  
Binarization Method ◽  
Local Average ◽  
Number Of Iterations ◽  
Average Gray Level

It is a difficult task to binarize image under uneven illumination, and this problem is always met in the image recognition system, such as two-dimensional barcode scanning terminal. In this paper, an efficient approach is proposed to binarize image which can tolerant uneven illumination and different light intensity. The method initializes thresholds with local average gray level and adjusts thresholds by calculating light density ratio. Due to characteristic of our approach, it can even obtain a sound result by limiting number of iterations which will seriously reduce computations and space cost. According to experiments, we can find that our method can achieve a good performance and meet the real-time requirement and quality demand for barcode scanning terminal.

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