scholarly journals Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
C. A. Ologunde ◽  
C. O. Anidiobu ◽  
V. O. Oluwasusi ◽  
T. M. Ilesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Adequate Resource

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major devastating infectious diseases African countries and other regions of the world. TB is a potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs. While HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system; which if left untreated, can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thus, this study was carried out to monitor the prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) situation in Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 191 participants were enrolled in this study. Blood and sputum samples were used in screening of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis respectively. 102(53.4%) participants were confirmed HIV positive cases and 89(46.6%) participants were confirmed as M. tuberculosis-positive cases. The rate of tuberculosis was higher among women than among men and prevalence of HIV was slightly higher among men than among female. The study shows that age group 26 – 30 years have the highest rate of tuberculosis and age group 36 – 40 years have the highest rate of HIV cases while the highest number of TB with HIV co-infection 34 (17.8%) were gotten from the age group 36 – 40years. The rate at which the prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV and their co-infection are rising is due to various challenges facing its eradication. Adequate resource mobilization and effective spending is needed to achieve success. In addition, efforts should be made to improve the surveillance system.

Infectious pseudomonas subglottic stenosis occurring in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghufoor ◽  
J. Almeyda ◽  
G. Mochloulis ◽  
P. Q. Montgomery ◽  
N. S. Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infective Agent

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging as an increasingly common opportunistic infective agent in the immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient (Kielhofner et al., 1992). Improvements in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to longer life expectancy (Graham et al., 1992), and this has changed the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in this population (Baron and Hollander, 1993). We present a case of a patient with AIDS who developed a fulminant Pseudomonas aeruginosa stenosing subglottic infection. We are unaware of any previous reports of this particular manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Non–Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Defining Malignancies in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Byron P. Demopoulos ◽  
Eleftherios Vamvakas ◽  
Jacqueline E. Ehrlich ◽  
Rita Demopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Context.—Non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies that occur in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the demographics and pathologic features associated with these malignancies have not been completely defined. Objective.—This study describes the age of onset of malignant disease in patients seropositive for HIV and in control patients presumed to be negative for HIV, but with the same primary site. We compare the demographics and histopathology for both groups. Design.—From 1993 to 1997, 57 cases involving HIV-positive patients with malignancies from 16 primary sites were recorded in the Cancer Registry files at Bellevue Hospital; 519 cases involving patients negative for HIV were recorded during this same period. We compared the age at diagnosis, sex, race, tumor histology, stage, and grade between these 2 groups. Results.—The average age of HIV-positive patients was 47.6 years, compared with 60.3 years in the control group (P < .001). When the 16 cancer sites were compared individually, HIV-positive patients were significantly younger at onset of lung (HIV-positive patients/control group) (19/245), skin (11/77), penile (3/5), laryngeal (3/18), tongue (5/16), and colorectal (2/38) carcinomas. Patients infected with HIV had a more frequent history of smoking (41/328; P = .04) and illicit drug use (30/49; P < .001). The HIV-positive patients also were found to have a lower clinical stage of disease, compared with controls, largely due to the higher prevalence of stage 0 tumors (13/46; P = .01). Conclusions.—The finding of younger age at diagnosis in HIV-positive compared to presumed HIV-negative patients may be related in part to earlier detection, as well as preexisting immunosuppression. The specific sites for which a significant difference in age between the HIV-positive and control cases was observed may be related to the mechanisms of immunosurveillance in parts of the body that have ready access to the outside environment. Knowledge of younger age of onset for these malignancies should prompt closer physical examination of these sites by clinicians.

scholarly journals Infection of megakaryocytes by human immunodeficiency virus in seropositive patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1697-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Louache ◽  
A Bettaieb ◽  
A Henri ◽  
E Oksenhendler ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Twenty-one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, including 11 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), were studied to determine whether the megakaryocytic/platelet lineage was infected by HIV. Because purification of platelets did not reach a level sufficient for unequivocal results by the polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization was thus performed. Purified marrow megakaryocytes (MK) from 10 HIV-infected ITP patients were studied using a 35S HIV riboprobe, antisense of an HIV ENV sequence. HIV transcripts were clearly detected in MK from five of these 10 patients, although heterogeneity among MK was observed. In three of these five cases, small amounts of HIV glycoproteins were detected in MK by means of immunofluorescence. In addition anti-HIV antibodies could be eluted from platelets of all patients. In contrast, HIV transcripts were not detected in MK derived from colony-forming units-MK (CFU-MK) cultured in suspension, suggesting either that MK are infected by HIV during terminal differentiation or that HIV-infected CFU-MK are unable to differentiate in vitro. In conclusion, this study suggests that HIV infection of MK may be implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia of HIV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Infection of megakaryocytes by human immunodeficiency virus in seropositive patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1697-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Louache ◽  
A Bettaieb ◽  
A Henri ◽  
E Oksenhendler ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Twenty-one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, including 11 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), were studied to determine whether the megakaryocytic/platelet lineage was infected by HIV. Because purification of platelets did not reach a level sufficient for unequivocal results by the polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization was thus performed. Purified marrow megakaryocytes (MK) from 10 HIV-infected ITP patients were studied using a 35S HIV riboprobe, antisense of an HIV ENV sequence. HIV transcripts were clearly detected in MK from five of these 10 patients, although heterogeneity among MK was observed. In three of these five cases, small amounts of HIV glycoproteins were detected in MK by means of immunofluorescence. In addition anti-HIV antibodies could be eluted from platelets of all patients. In contrast, HIV transcripts were not detected in MK derived from colony-forming units-MK (CFU-MK) cultured in suspension, suggesting either that MK are infected by HIV during terminal differentiation or that HIV-infected CFU-MK are unable to differentiate in vitro. In conclusion, this study suggests that HIV infection of MK may be implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia of HIV-positive patients.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin’s Plasmablastic Lymphoma as Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110146
Author(s):  
Roopam Jariwal ◽  
Nadia Raza ◽  
Janpreet Bhandohal ◽  
Everardo Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Plasmablastic Lymphoma ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Head Neck

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that manifests in patients with the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more prominently in the head, neck, and oral mucosal region. The diagnosis of this rare lymphoma serves as a concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The case is of a 33-year-old previously healthy male, with an unknown diagnosis of HIV with a painful right mandibular mass. He was subsequently diagnosed with PBL and HIV. This case of PBL illustrates the importance of linking a rare and potentially life-threatening diagnosis as a possible first manifestation of HIV.

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