scholarly journals Antiquities of the Copper Region of the North American Lakes

1858 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Daniel Wilson ◽  
Robert Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
North American ◽  
American History ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Copper Deposits ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The North

The author, having visited North America, describes the copper deposits found on the shores of the Great Lakes and the techniques used by the native peoples of these regions to work this metal into tools and weaponry. He also discusses the discovery of tropical conch shells in this area and the burial practices of some of the native peoples. It is noted that the native Americans hammered the copper into shape while it was cold as they did not use smelting. He concludes by contrasting the geographical factors that he believes affected European and North American history and making some generalisations about the racial characteristics of European and native American peoples.

Skeleton of Extinct North American Sea Mink (Mustela macrodon)

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim I. Mead ◽  
Arthur E. Spiess ◽  
Kristin D. Sobolik
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Shell Middens ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Island ◽  
Alexander Archipelago

AbstractMustela macrodon (extinct sea mink) is known only from prehistoric and historic Native American shell middens dating less than 5100 years old along coastal islands of the Gulf of Maine, northeastern North America. The species is distinct from all known extant subspecies of M. vison (American mink) but still belongs to the North American subgenus Vison. Metric comparisons between M. macrodon and five subspecies of M. vison, using skull, mandible, humerus, radius, femur, and tibia skeletal elements, show that M. macrodon is larger in overall size and robustness and is proportionately larger in the dental region. Many habitat-related parallels exist between coastal island mink of the Gulf of Maine and those of the Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska, where the overall largest living subspecies of mink is found (M. v. nesolestes).

scholarly journals Spatially explicit analysis sheds new light on the Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in North America

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan M. Emery-Wetherell ◽  
Brianna K. McHorse ◽  
Edward Byrd Davis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Driver

AbstractThe late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions may have been the first extinctions directly related to human activity, but in North America the close temporal proximity of human arrival and the Younger Dryas climate event has hindered efforts to identify the ultimate extinction cause. Previous work evaluating the roles of climate change and human activity in the North American megafaunal extinction has been stymied by a reliance on geographic binning, yielding contradictory results among researchers. We used a fine-scale geospatial approach in combination with 95 megafaunal last-appearance and 75 human first-appearance radiocarbon dates to evaluate the North American megafaunal extinction. We used kriging to create interpolated first- and last-appearance surfaces from calibrated radiocarbon dates in combination with their geographic autocorrelation. We found substantial evidence for overlap between megafaunal and human populations in many but not all areas, in some cases exceeding 3000 years of predicted overlap. We also found that overlap was highly regional: megafauna had last appearances in Alaska before humans first appeared, but did not have last appearances in the Great Lakes region until several thousand years after the first recorded human appearances. Overlap in the Great Lakes region exceeds uncertainty in radiocarbon measurements or methodological uncertainty and would be even greater with sampling-derived confidence intervals. The kriged maps of last megafaunal occurrence are consistent with climate as a primary driver in some areas, but we cannot eliminate human influence from all regions. The late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction was highly variable in timing and duration of human overlap across the continent, and future analyses should take these regional trends into account.

Native American Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Native North America

Networks describe how people and places are connected. In Native North America, these connections took the form of kinship, trade, and various forms of alliance—all of which overlapped in ways that make it impossible to analyze one category without considering the others. At a basic level, all of these networks depended on the communication of information, which circulated as fact and rumor across the continent. Varying by region and topography, Native peoples traveled by canoe, foot, and (from the colonial period onward) horseback along trail networks that linked diverse Native American towns and facilitated both continental and transatlantic trade and communication. The study of networks, whether in the form of trade, kinship, or Native-defined alliances, allows historians to transcend typical boundaries of analysis, such as borders drawn by European cartographers. Throughout the 18th century and even into the 19th century, these borders were fictions, as Native Americans continued to control much of the continent. An abundance of archaeological evidence reveals the exchange networks that spread material items and cultural beliefs long before the colonial period. Some of the most well-known pre-Columbian networks involved agriculturalist settlements often grouped under the label “Mississippian,” which thrived along the Mississippi and its tributaries from approximately the 11th through 16th centuries. But other networks crisscrossed the continent, from the Great Plains to the Southwest. These long-existing but shifting networks facilitated the later spread of European trade goods. To varying degrees, following the arrival of Europeans, Native peoples participated in a new system of exchange, capitalism, which commodified the natural world and has drawn considerable attention from scholars. Political power in Native North America was dynamic, organized by kinship networks that were both local and regional in importance. Families belonged to larger groups known as clans, which facilitated connections beyond the village. Typically, Native peoples traced these clan origins to some other-than-human ancestor. Kinship did not necessarily represent biological connections. Through ceremonies, Native peoples created what scholars call “fictive kinship” to create networks across distances and even into Euro-American communities.

Rethinking Genocide in North America

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Settler Societies

This article explores the concept of genocide in North America. Colonial North America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries constituted an ever growing number of racially and ethnically heterogeneous sites of trade, exploration, and settlement. As Europeans ventured westward into the North American wilderness, territorial expansion, changing land-use patterns, new economic networks, and different systems of coerced labour all motivated settlers to think and act with different colonial motives that contributed to a sense of instability and flux in settler communities. What bound Europeans together, and provided the ideological and political basis for ordering settler societies, was an increasingly explicit racialized anxiety and disgust for Native Americans. The settlers' sense of disgust was important to the genocidal intentions behind different forms of colonial violence.

REVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN AGABUS LEACH (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE): ELONGATUS-, ZETTERSTEDTI-, AND CONFINIS-GROUPS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Character State ◽  
State Distribution ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
The North ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

AbstractNorth American species of Agabus Leach of the elongatus-, zetterstedti-, and confinis-groups, as defined by Larson (1989), are revised. Study of character state distribution indicates that the elongatus- and zetterstedti-groups are clades within the confinis-group but the names are retained in this paper to maintain consistency. Twenty species belonging to this complex occur in North America, namely: elongatus-group with A. elongatus Gyllenhal and A. inexspectatus Nilsson; zetterstedti-group with A. zetterstedti Thomson; and the confinis-group with A. thomsoni (J. Sahlberg), A. moestus (Curtis), A. clypealis (Thomson), A. phaeopterus (Kirby), A. immaturus sp.nov. (Great Lakes and Maritime Provinces regions), A. canadensis Fall, A. audeni Wallis, A. mackenziensis sp.nov. (northwestern Canada), A. bicolor (Kirby), A. subfuscatus Sharp, A. discolor (Harris), A. approximate Fall, A. kootenai sp.nov. (southwestern Canada and northwestern United States), A. inscriptus (Crotch), A. smithi Brown, A. sasquatch sp.nov. (alpine areas of California and Nevada), and A. confinis (Gyllenhal). For each species the following information is provided: synonymy; description and illustration of taxonomically useful characters; notes on relationships, variation, distribution, and ecology; and a map of North American collection localities. A key to the North American species of the confinis-group is presented. Lectotypes are designated for A. subfuscatus Sharp, Gaurodytes inscriptus Crotch, G. ovoideus Crotch, and G. longulus LeConte.

“Ravishing Odors of Paradise”: Jesuits, Olfaction, and Seventeenth-Century North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW KETTLER
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
New France ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Cultural Accommodation ◽  
Pays D'en Haut

In seventeenth-century North America, efforts at cultural accommodation through similarities in olfactory inclusive spiritual sensoriums helped to create cross-cultural concordance between Jesuit Fathers and Native Americans in New France, the St. Lawrence Valley, and the Pays d'en Haut. Jesuits engaged Native Americans towards Catholic conversion by using scentful tactics and sensory rhetoric. Jesuits increased their own respect for the olfactory during their North American encounters due to a siege mentality born of the Counter-Reformation and from a forcefully influential Native American respect for multisensory forms of environmental and spiritual literacy which included a heightened reverence for odors.

scholarly journals Progress in Diagnosing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: The North American Perspective

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Michael Glenn O’Connor ◽  
Amjad Horani ◽  
Adam J. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The North ◽  
Diagnostic Guideline ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, under-recognized disease that affects respiratory ciliary function, resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. The PCD clinical phenotype overlaps with other common respiratory conditions and no single diagnostic test detects all forms of PCD. In 2018, PCD experts collaborated with the American Thoracic Society (ATS) to create a clinical diagnostic guideline for patients across North America, specifically considering the local resources and limitations for PCD diagnosis in the United States and Canada. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) testing is recommended for first-line testing in patients ≥5 years old with a compatible clinical phenotype; however, all low nNO values require confirmation with genetic testing or ciliary electron micrograph (EM) analysis. Furthermore, these guidelines recognize that not all North American patients have access to nNO testing and isolated genetic testing is appropriate in cases with strong clinical PCD phenotypes. For unresolved diagnostic cases, referral to a PCD Foundation accredited center is recommended. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide insight on the North American PCD diagnostic process, to enhance the understanding of and adherence to current guidelines, and to promote collaboration with diagnostic pathways used outside of North America.

Sediments of the North American Great Lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1666-1680
Author(s):  
R. L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Great Lakes
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