scholarly journals LONG-TERM RISE OF STORMINESS OF THE BALTIC SEA NEAR POLAND; POSSIBLE ORIGIN AND CONSEQUENCES

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Marcin Rozynski ◽  
Zbigniew Pruszak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Long-term growth of storminess of the Baltic Sea near Poland has been identified for autumn and winter months, particularly for January. This growth is concurrent with the increase of westerly waves in Jan., Feb. and Oct. A vivid relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and significant wave height Hs in Jan. suggests it can be a potential driver of storminess growth in that month. For Feb. this relationship is unstable; other months demonstrate no connection toward the NAO. The wave climate in January also exhibits a strong 8-year cycle, very likely to drive 8-year variations of shoreline position, detected previously at a study site. The influence of NAO may manifest an unfavorable regime change in which mightier winter storms will be mostly occurring above freezing in the absence of ice cover. Without that cover vulnerable sandy beaches will be exposed to accelerated erosion from direct and stronger wave attack.

scholarly journals Wave climate in the Arkona Basin, the Baltic Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soomere ◽  
R. Weisse ◽  
A. Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Basic Features

Abstract. The basic features of the wave climate in the Southwestern Baltic Sea (such as the average and typical wave conditions, frequency of occurrence of different wave parameters, variations in wave heights from weekly to decadal scales) are established based on waverider measurements at the Darss Sill in 1991–2010. The measured climate is compared with two numerical simulations with the WAM wave model driven by downscaled reanalysis of wind fields for 1958–2002 and by adjusted geostrophic winds for 1970–2007. The wave climate in this region is typical for semi-enclosed basins of the Baltic Sea. The maximum wave heights are about half of those in the Baltic Proper. The maximum recorded significant wave height HS =4.46 m occurred on 3 November 1995. The wave height exhibits no long-term trend but reveals modest interannual (about 12 % of the long-term mean of 0.76 m) and substantial seasonal variation. The wave periods are mostly concentrated in a narrow range of 2.6–4 s. Their distribution is almost constant over decades. The role of remote swell is very small.

scholarly journals Sea-ice evaluation of NEMO-Nordic 1.0: a NEMO–LIM3.6 based ocean–sea ice model setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pemberton ◽  
Ulrike Löptien ◽  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Semjon Schimanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice covered marginal sea in northern Europe with intense wintertime ship traffic and a sensitive ecosystem. Understanding and modeling the evolution of the sea-ice pack is important for climate effect studies and forecasting purposes. Here we present and evaluate the sea-ice component of a new NEMO–LIM3.6 based ocean–sea ice setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea region. The setup includes a new depth-based fast ice parametrization for the Baltic Sea. The evaluation focuses on long-term statistics, from a 45-year long hindcast, although short-term daily performance is also briefly evaluated. Different sea-ice metrics such as sea-ice extent, concentration and thickness are compared to the best available observational dataset to identify model biases. Overall the model agrees well with the observations in terms of the long-term mean sea-ice extent and thickness. The variability of the annual maximum Baltic Sea ice extent is well in line with the observations but the 1961–2006 trend is underestimated. Based on the simulated ice thickness distribution we estimate the undeformed and deformed ice thickness and concentration in the Baltic Sea, which compares reasonably well with observations. We conclude that the new North Sea/Baltic Sea ocean–sea ice setup is well suited for further climate studies and sea ice forecasts.

scholarly journals Wave climatology in the Arkona Basin, the Baltic Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2237-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soomere ◽  
R. Weisse ◽  
A. Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The basic features of the wave climate in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea are studied based on available long-term measurements and simulations. The analysis of average, typical and extreme wave conditions, frequency of occurrence of different wave parameters, variations in wave heights from weekly to decadal scales, etc., is performed based on waverider measurements at the Darss Sill since 1991. The measured climatology is compared against numerical simulations with the WAM wave model driven by downscaled reanalysis of wind fields for 1958–2002 and by adjusted geostrophic winds for 1970–2007. The wave climate in this region is typical for semi-enclosed basins of the Baltic Sea. The maximum wave heights are about half of those in the Baltic Proper. The overall reliably recorded maximum significant wave height HS =4.46 m occurred during a severe S-SW storm in 1993 when the 10-min average wind speed reached 28 m s−1. The long-term average significant wave height (0.75 m) shows modest interannual (about 12 % of the long-term mean) and substantial seasonal variation. The wave periods are mostly concentrated in a narrow range of 2.5–4 s and their distribution is almost constant over decades. The role of remote swell is very small. The annual wave properties show large interannual variability but no long-term trends in average and extreme wave heights can be observed.

Association Between Ice Conditions in the Baltic Sea along the Estonian Coast and the North Atlantic Oscillation

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jevrejeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Variations in time series of sum of negative degree-days, number of days with ice, date of ice break-up and maximum ice thickness on the Baltic Sea along the Estonian coast have been examined within context of the atmospheric circulation above the North Atlantic. It was found out that 20 – 50 % of ice conditions along the Estonian coast might be explained by the state of the NAO winter index. However, correlation coefficients between time series of ice conditions and the NAO winter index varies with time; moving correlation coefficient can reach -0.98.

scholarly journals Cross-over analysis of the climate-change delta situation of the cities Gdansk (Baltic-sea) and Rotterdam (Nord-sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Fred Sanders ◽  
Hugo Sanders ◽  
Karen Jonkers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Vistula Delta

Gdansk and the city Haarlem in the Netherlands share a long-term relationship that started with the establishment of Dutch Mennonites in the Vistula delta in the 16th Century. A small city was founded called Holland and these immigrants reclaimed the surrounding delta area. This area of 1,000 km2, with hundreds of small ‘polders’ separated and defended by 17,000 dikes, has become an important agricultural area for the whole of Poland, similar to the Rhine delta in the Netherlands. Despite these civil defense works in the past, both coastlines nevertheless experienced floods: the Dutch southwest coast in 1953, Dutch Rhine riverbank in 1993 and 1995, and Vistula delta recently in 2001. Climate change figures show that both the Polish Gdansk and Dutch Rhine deltas will suffer flooding with sea level rises, with accumulating severe rainfall accompanied by high river levels. Although both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea are next to each other and coupled to the Atlantic Ocean, there are differences in how soon or severely climate change trends, such as seawater level rises and water thrust, become critical. From cross-over analysis it can be concluded that Poland and the Netherlands have a virtually identical approach when it comes to climate change impacts on their current situation. With regard to long-term climate change, the Netherlands is exploring the future in a planned manner with the development of new scenarios for the protection of cities. The enclosure of the Baltic Sea, on the other hand, probably offers more options for exchanging knowledge with neighbor states. In that respect, the Netherlands is more isolated in their situation with the North Sea and its Delta Plan. The situation of Gdansk and Rotterdam is quite similar; these cities can take steps forward by learning from each other’s actions.

Russian Oil: Production and Exports

2003 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K. Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic

Statistical data on reserves, production and exports of Russian oil are provided in the article. The author pays special attention to the expansion of opportunities of sea oil transportation by construction of new oil terminals in the North-West of the country and first of all the largest terminal in Murmansk. In his opinion, one of the main problems in this sphere is prevention of ecological accidents in the process of oil transportation through the Baltic sea ports.

Paleoecological study of bottom sediments of the lake Goluboye (Karelian Isthmus) according to the results of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Angelina E. Shatalova ◽  
Uriy A. Kublitsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Subetto ◽  
Anna V. Ludikova ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Baltic

The study of paleogeography of lakes is an actual and important direction in modern science. As part of the study of lakes in the North-West of the Karelian Isthmus, this analysis will establish the dynamics of salinity of objects, which will allow to reconstruct changes in the level of the Baltic Sea in the Holocene.

Organohalogens of Natural and Industrial Origin in Large Recipients of Bleach-Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grimvall ◽  
H. Borén ◽  
S. Jonsson ◽  
S. Karlsson ◽  
R. Sävenhed
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Organic Halogens

The long-term fate of chlorophenols and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) was studied in two large recipients of bleach-plant effluents: Lake Vättern in Sweden and the Baltic Sea. The study showed that there is a long-distance transport (>100 km) of chloroguaiacols from bleach-plants to remote parts of receiving waters. However, there was no evidence of several-year-long accumulation of chloro-organics in the water-phase. A simple water-exchange model for Lake Vättern showed that the cumulated bleach-plant discharges from the past 35 years would have increased the AOX concentration in the lake by more than 100 µg Cl/l, if no AOX had been removed from the water by evaporation, sedimentation or degradation. However, the observed AOX concentration in Lake Vättern averaged only about 15 µg Cl/l, which was less than the average AOX concentration (32 µg Cl/l) in the “unpolluted” tributaries of the lake. Similar investigations in the Baltic Sea showed that non-point sources, including natural halogenation processes, accounted for a substantial fraction of the AOX in the open sea. The presence of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in precipitation and “unpolluted” surface waters showed that non-point sources may also make a considerable contribution to the background levels of compounds normally regarded as indicators of bleach-plant effluents.

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