Field screening of Barley genotypes under different levels of soil salinity and potassium

PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SALINIDADE DO SOLO. Nildo da Silva Dias; Sergio Nascimento Duarte; Roberto Takafumi Yoshinaga; José Francisco Teles FilhoDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura ”Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP., CP 09, CEP 13418-900, [email protected] 1 RESUMODevido à falta de conhecimento por parte dos nossos agricultores e técnicos a respeito do manejo adequado da fertirrigação, tem sido freqüente os problemas de salinização de solo, sobretudo em ambiente protegido. Desse modo, com o objetivo estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis iniciais de salinidade do solo no crescimento e na produção de alface, foi desenvolvido um experimento em ambiente protegido no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, município de Piracicaba, SP. Utilizaram-se amostras de 10 kg de solo de um Latossolo Vermelho, as quais foram peneiradas, secas ao ar e acondicionadas em vasos de 17 L, tendo em sua base perfurada uma camada de envelope de 2 cm (brita + geotextil), resultando em uma camada de solo de 20 cm. As amostras de solos foram salinizadas artificialmente por excesso de adubos utilizados na fertirrigação. A umidade do solo foi elevada até a máxima capacidade de retenção e, concomitantemente, foram adicionados os sais diluídos via água, obtendo-se 9 níveis diferentes de salinidade do solo (0,4; 1,0, 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0 e 8,0 dS m -1) com 5 repetições. As proporções e os tipos de sais aplicados no solo seguiram a recomendação de adubação para a cultura do alface. Determinou-se o limite máximo de salinidade (salinidade limiar) tolerado pela cultura, causada pelo excesso de fertilizantes e seus efeitos nas variáveis de produção comercial e nos componentes de produção. Concluiu-se que todas as variáveis analisadas foram influenciadas pelos níveis iniciais de salinidade, e que para a maioria delas, o nível limiar foi superior ao usualmente citado na literatura (1,3 dS m-1). UNITERMOS: condutividade elétrica, fertirrigação, Lactuca sativa L. DIAS, N. S.; DUARTE, S. N.; YOSHINAGA, R. T.; TELES FILHO, J. F.LETTUCE YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOIL SALINITY. 2 ABSTRACT Due to the lack of knowledge of the appropriate fertirrigation management in greenhouses by our farmers and technicians, problems of soil salinity have been observed frequently. To evaluate lettuce yield and growth under different levels of soil salinity caused by excessive fertilizer application, a study under greenhouse conditions was carried out in the experimental field of the Rural Engineering Department of the “Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – USP”, Piracicaba, Brazil. 10-kg soil samples in Oxysol were used. They were sifted, dried in open air and conditioned in 17-L perforated base vases with a 2-cm envelope layer (gravel + synthetic fabric), resulting in a 20-cm soil depth. The soils samples were salinized artificially by excess of fertilizers used in fertirrigation. The soil moisture was elevated to the maximum retention capacity using water with diluted salts to obtain 9 different levels of soil salinity (0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0,4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 dS m -1) with 5 repetitions. The proportions and types of salts applied in the soil followed the total nutrient extraction for the culture of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The maximum tolerated salinity limit caused by fertilizer excess was determined and also its effects in commercial production and production components. The results showed that different levels of soil salinity influenced all analyzed variables and that for most of the variables the maximum limit was higher than the one used found in the literature (1,3 dS m-1). KEYWORDS: Electric conductivity, fertirrigation, Lactuca sativa L.

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Leaf anatomical and biochemical adaptations in Typha domingensis Pers. ecotypes for salinity tolerance

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.886 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 807 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noreen Akhtar ◽

Mansoor Hameed ◽

Fahim Nawaz ◽

Khawaja Shafique Ahmad ◽

Abdul Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Biochemical Response ◽

Typha Domingensis ◽

Aerenchyma Formation ◽

Tolerant Plants ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Four Levels ◽

Different Levels

Background. Soil salinity is a major menace to plants. Salt tolerant plants have developed different morphological, structural and physiological characteristics, which enable them to survive and reproduce under high salt concentrations.Hypothesis. It was hypothesized that differently adapted ecotypes of T. domingensis may have different structural and biochemical response to various levels of salt stress.Studied species/Data description. Six ecotypes of Typha domingensis Pers. were evaluated for anatomical and biochemical response and to find out the mechanism of adaptation under salt stress.Methods. All the ecotypes of Typha domingensis were acclimatized for a period of six months. Four levels of salinity viz. 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl were maintained. The plants were carefully collected from the medium to study various anatomical and biochemical characteristics.Results. The most promising anatomical modifications were; reduced leaf thickness in Sheikhupura, Gatwala and Treemu ecotype, increased cell vacuolar volume in Sahianwala and Knotti ecotype, larger metaxylem vessel in Sheikhupura and Gatwala ecotype, aerenchyma formation in all ecotypes and high sclerification in Sahianwala and Knotti ecotype. Accumulation of osmolytes mainly proline and glycinebetaine in Treemu, Sahianwala, Jahlar and Knotti ecotype under different levels of salt stress may be defense mechanism of T. domingensis to prevent severe loss in turgor.Conclusions. The results demonstrate that genetic potential of T. domingensis to grow under salt stress could be used for the purpose of phytoremediation and reclamation of soil salinity.

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The effects of different levels of irrigation water salinity and leaching on the amount and distribution pattern of soil salinity and ions in an arid region

Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage V ◽

10.2495/si140041 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

H. Mansouri ◽

B. Mostafazadeh-Fard ◽

A. Neekabadi

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Arid Region ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Different Levels

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DWARF COCONUT PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n220rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 447-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ALEXANDRE REUBER ALMEIDA DA SILVA ◽

FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMA BEZERRA ◽

CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA ◽

CARLOS HENRIQUE CARVALHO DE SOUSA ◽

MARLOS ALVES BEZERRA

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Coconut Tree ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Salt Affected Soils ◽

Physiological Acclimation ◽

Adjustment Mechanisms ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and evaluated the following parameters: leaf gas exchange, quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative contents of total chlorophyll (SPAD index). The experiment was conducted under a randomized block experimental design, in a split plot arrangement. In the plots, plants were exposed to different levels of water stress, by imposing potential crop evapotranspiration replacement levels equivalent to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, whereas in subplots, plants were exposed to different levels of soil salinity (1.72, 6.25, 25.80, and 40.70 dS m-1). Physiological mechanisms were effectively limited when water deficit and salinity acted separately and/or together. Compared with soil salinity, water stress was more effective in reducing the measured physiological parameters. The magnitudes of the responses of plants to water supply and salinity depended on the intensity of stress and evaluation period. The physiological acclimation responses of plants were mainly related to stomatal regulation. The coconut tree has a number of physiological adjustment mechanisms that give the species partial tolerance to drought stress and/or salt, thereby enabling it to revegetate salinated areas, provided that its water requirements are at least partially met.

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Emergence and vegetative development of melon in function of the soil salinity

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 458-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro ◽

Fabio Delazari ◽

Carlos Nick ◽

Edson Marcio Mattiello ◽

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Cucumis Melo L ◽

Different Levels

Soil salinity is one of the main factors limiting the development and global agricultural productivity. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is mainly produced in arid and semi-arid regions around the world, favoring the accumulation of soluble salts in the soil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence and vegetative development of melon genotype under different levels of soil salinity. The assessments were performed based on the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) at 0, 20, 25, 30 and 35%. The emergence was affected around 30 percentage points, by comparing the control and the highest dose (35%). The emergence speed and the emergence speed index parameters were also affected in a similar way, as well as the length and dry matter of the shoot. The growth of the plants was also affected by the saline stress, being superior in the control (0%) in relation to the treatments with NaCl. The leaf area increased between weeks 4 and 7 after the planting and was slightly superior in the control in relation to the plants submitted to saline stress (20, 25, 30 and 35% of exchangeable sodium). The melon is more sensible to the saline stress in the seedling emergence than in the vegetative development over time. The development of melon seedlings is mainly affected in exchangeable sodium values superior to 20%. The analyzed hybrid is sensible to the saline stress even in 20% of exchangeable sodium.

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Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy for Characterization of Salt-Affected Soil (SAS) Attributes

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2019.j2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arijit Barman ◽

◽

Rajeev Srivastava ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Salt Affected Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Absorption Features ◽

Saturated Extract ◽

Different Levels

Identification of soil salinity based on traditional methods (measurement in saturation extract) required time, labour and capital, whereas, ground based non-imaging hyperspectral remote sensing estimates the soil salinity and alkalinity parameters within limited resources and can be used for real time monitoring purpose. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the spectral properties using VNIR spectroscopy in silt loam and silty clay loam soil saturated with different levels of chloride, sulphate and carbonate of sodium salts. Salinity absorption features were more pronounced around 1900 nm, followed by 1400 and 2200 nm. The salt concentration was inversely related to reflectance values in saline soils. Wavelength was shifted from 1900 nm to higher wavelength value and this shifting feature was also correlated with the increase in salt concentration. Relatively high correlation coefficients of ECe, saturated extract Na+ and Cl- with soil reflectance values were found in between 1420 to 2020 nm than other soil properties. Increased use and application of VNIR for salt-affected soil would help establish a detailed spectral library through captured signature in sodium salt saturated soil.

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