Taxonomy of Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 (Haplosclerida, Porifera) from Brazil

Petrosiidae (Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) is characterized by the hard and friable consistency, and an isotropic reticulated skeleton of oxeas/ strongyles. The Brazilian coast and oceanic islands harbor three out of four known genera of Petrosiidae: Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949; Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885 and Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932. A taxonomic survey of samples from several expeditions housed at the Porifera Collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, with additional comparative materials obtained from the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, and Universidade Federal de Pernambuco enabled the description of two new species: P. (P.) revizee sp. nov. and X. dorigo sp. nov. We also recorded a range extention for Neopetrosia proxima and Xestospongia muta, and Xestospongia grayi was synonymized with X. muta. Other species reported from the country are diagnosed, and an identification key for Petrosiidae from Brazil is provided.

Review Artikel : Aktivitas Antikanker dari Spons Laut Genus Xestospongia

The discovery of novel agents in the treatment of cancer is still being conducted, one of them is by developing the marine natural resources as an anti-cancer drug. Sponges like the genus Xestospongia, are natural marine resources that have potential as anti-cancer. Thus,, this review aims to showing the potential of the genus Xestospongia as an anticancer. This review was carried out by collecting the literature from various databases from 2014 to 2019. Results obtained that marin sponge Xestospongia, including Xestospongia testudinaria, Xestospongia exigua, Xestospongia muta and Xestospongiawiedemayeri, were used as anticancer. These compounds such as Quinolizidine, Aragusterol, Araguspic and many more.Keywords— Xestospongia, anticancer, cytotoxicity Abstrak Penemuan obat baru dalam pengobatan kanker masih intensif dilakukan, salah satunya dengan pengembangan sumber daya alam laut sebagai obat anti kanker. Spons seperti genus Xestospongia, merupakan sumber daya alam laut yang memiliki potensi sebagai anti kanker. Oleh karena itu, review ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan potensispons genus Xestospongia sebagai antikanker. Review ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan pustaka dari berbagai database dari tahun 2014 hingga 2019. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa spesies dari Xestospongia seperti Xestospongia testudinaria, Xestospongia exigua, Xestospongia muta dan Xestospongia wiedemayeri tercatat berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut seperti Quinolizidine, Aragusterol, Araguspic dan masih banyak lagi.Kata Kunci— Xestospongia, antikanker, sitotoksisitas

Cultivation of Sponge-Associated Bacteria from Agelas sventres and Xestospongia muta Collected from Different Depths

Sponge-associated bacteria have been mostly cultured from shallow water (≤30 m) sponges, whereas only few studies targeted specimens from below 30 m. This study assessed the cultivability of bacteria from two marine sponges Xestospongia muta and Agelas sventres collected from shallow (<30 m), upper mesophotic (30–60 m), and lower mesophotic (60–90 m) reefs. Sponge-associated bacteria were cultivated on six different media, and replicate plates were used to pick individual colonies or to recover the entire biomass. Prokaryotic community analysis was conducted using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. A total of 144 bacterial isolates were picked following a colony morphology coding scheme and subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Sponge individuals at each depth-range harboured specific cultivable bacteria that were not retrieved from specimens collected at other depths. However, there were substantial differences in the number of colonies obtained for replicate sponges of the same species. In addition, source of inoculum and cultivation medium had more impact on the cultured prokaryotic community than sample collection depth. This suggests that the “plate count anomaly” is larger than differences in sponge-associated prokaryotic community composition related to depth.

Draft Genome Sequence of Alteromonas sp. Strain RKMC-009, Isolated from Xestospongia muta via In Situ Culturing Using an Isolation Chip Diffusion Chamber

We report the draft whole-genome sequence of Alteromonas sp. strain RKMC-009, which was isolated in situ from the sponge Xestospongia muta in San Salvador, The Bahamas, using an isolation chip (ichip). Automated biosynthetic gene cluster analysis using antiSMASH 4.0 predicted the presence of 22 biosynthetic gene clusters.