Background: Multiple myeloma accounts for over 15% of hematological malignancies. In attempt to tackle this malady, the FDA approved four drugs in 2015 which has propagated further development of new anti-multiple myeloma since. However, the health safety of these new agents is still ill-defined. The aim of this study is to delineate the cardiovascular adverse events of these drugs.
Methods: We searched the cardiac adverse events of the newly approved FDA drugs since 2015 using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System database. We calculated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence for four drugs that have the highest incidence of cardiovascular adverse events.
Results: Between 2015-2020, the FDA approved six novel agents for multiple myeloma which includes elotuzumab, Ixazomib, daratumumab, panobinostat, Isatuximab, and belantamab mafodotin. Among all these medications, elotuzumab, Ixazomib, daratumumab, and panobinostat showed the highest incidence of cardiovascular complications. After vetting all the cardiac adverse events, our analysis revealed that atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and coronary disease were the highest reported cardiac events with significant odds ratio.
Conclusions: The newly approved multiple myeloma therapy (elotuzumab, Ixazomib, daratumumab, panobinostat) are significantly associated with cardiotoxicity. These results highlight the importance of considering the cardiac history of patients with multiple myeloma when utilizing these novel agents.