Neutral zone technique: An aid of the prosthodontist- A case series

The area where the outward forces from the tongue and the inward forces from the lips and cheeks are nullified during the functional movements is referred to as the neutral zone. Therefore, the incorporation of neutral cone technique serves as an alternative approach in the fabrication of lower complete dentures specifically in ridges which are highly atrophic. The technique aims to construct a denture that is shaped by muscle function and is in harmony with the surrounding oral structures. It is rarely used because of the extra clinical step involved and some clinicians may find the detection of neutral zone difficult. This article describes a technique for improving the stability of mandibular complete denture for patients who have a resorbed mandibular residual ridge.This neutral zone impression technique is a useful technique when providing mandibular complete denture. It’s use can overcome some of the denture stability difficulties caused in some patients with a more powerful oral musculature, or in patients who have poor or altered neuromuscular control.

The Legal Regime of the Kuwait–Saudi Divided Zone: Clash or Integration Between Sovereignty and Cooperation?

This article intends to explain the legal regime of the Kuwaiti–Saudi Divided Zone, also called the Neutral Zone, in accordance with the Kuwait–Saudi Arabia Agreement to Partition the Neutral Zone signed in 1965, the Treaty Between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia Concerning the Submerged Area Adjacent to the Divided Zone signed in 2000, the Treaty Supplements to the Agreement to Partition and Treaty Concerning the Submerged Area signed in 2019, and the 2019 Memo of Understanding. Additionally, this article addresses the concerns raised by many Kuwaiti scholars, writers, and policymakers regarding the legitimacy and constitutionality of the divided zone system. Moreover, this article emphasizes the importance of the agreed-upon regime based on the principles of sovereignty and cooperation for advancing the interests of both parties at present and in the future. Finally, this article aims to shed light on some potential issues of conflict.

NEUTRAL ZONE RECORDING USING DIE PINS AND TISSUE CONDITIONER: A CASE REPORT

The primary goal of providing complete denture prosthesis is to restore function and esthetics. Arbitrary placement of teeth may cause dislodgment during function. Neutral zone is a concept which emphasize on placing the teeth in a zone where the forces between the tongue and cheeks or lips are equal. In this case report a novel dental technique is to be discussed which uses, used die pins to retain the tissue conditioning material to record the neutral zone.

Unloaded Organ Culturing Has a Detrimental Effect On the Axial Mechanical Properties of the Intervertebral Disc

Healthy function of intervertebral discs (IVDs) depends on their tissue mechanical properties. Native cells embedded within IVD tissues are responsible for building, maintaining, and repairing IVD structures in response to genetic, biochemical, and mechanical signals. Organ culturing provides a method for investigating how cells respond to these stimuli in their natural architectural environment. The purpose of this study was to determine how organ culturing affects the mechanical characteristics of functional spine units (FSUs) across the entire range of axial loading, including the neutral zone, using a rat tail model. Rat tail FSUs were organ cultured at 37°C in an unloaded state in standard culture media for either 1-Day (n=8) or 6-Days (n=12). Non-cultured FSUs (n=12) were included as fresh control specimens. Axial mechanical properties were tested by applying cyclical compression and tension. A novel, mathematical approach was developed to fully characterize the relationship between load, stiffness, and deformation through the entire range of loading. Culturing FSUs for 1-Day did not affect any of the axial mechanical outcome measures compared to non-cultured IVDs; however, culturing for 6-days increased the size of neutral zone by 112% and decreased the stiffness in neutral zone, compressive, and tensile regions by 53%, 19%, and 15% respectively, compared to non-cultured FSUs. These results highlight the importance of considering how the mechanical integrity of IVD tissues may affect the transmission of mechanical signals to cells in unloaded organ culturing experiments.

An Contemporary Techniques for Recording Severely Resorbed Mandibular Ridge: A Case Report

Resorption of mandibular ridges is a multifactorial and biomechanical disease that is chronic, progressive,irreversible, and cumulative leading to loss of sulcular depth, vertical dimension loss, and decreased lowerfacial height. Some common neurological, hormonal, and metabolic disorders affect the adaptability ofdentures, and this can be diagnosed by a trained prosthodontist with proper history-taking and clinicalexamination. The denture becomes passive due to complex neuromuscular control and causes difficultiesin impression-making, mastication, and swallowing, which in turn leads to loss of retention and stability incomplete dentures. The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problemsfaced by denture patients. One of the methods used to solve this problem is the neutral zone technique.Neutral zone technique is long being used for the management of severely resorbed mandibular ridges. Thepiezography technique, a special functional approach is described in order to overcome the difficulties of themandibular denture. Piezography, prosthetic space recorded by pronunciation, can be used as a reference forarrangement of artificial teeth and polishing surface of a denture.